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Federal Wildland Fire
Policy & History of
Wildland Fire Management
Mike Frary
Assistant State Fire Management Officer
Fuels & Fire Use
USDI - Bureau of Land Management
Colorado State Office
Wildland Fire Management Development:
Technology and Policy Milestones - 20th Century
Programmatic
Development
Fire Control
Fire Management
Prescribed Fire & Fire Use
1900
1925
1950
1975
2000
1910
1934
1960
1988
1919
1949
1970
1994
Time
2025
Federal Wildland Fire Policy
•
•
•
•
•
•
1976 - Prescribed Natural Fire
1988 - Yellowstone
1994 - South Canyon
1995 - Federal Fire Policy Review
1996 - PNF Escapes – R-6
1998 - WFU - Rx Implementation
Guide
Federal Wildland Fire Policy
•
•
•
•
•
•
2000 - Cerro Grande
2000 – National Fire Plan
2001 - Federal Fire Policy Review
2005 - WFU Implementation Guide
2006 - Rx Implementation Guide
200? - Appropriate Management
Response (AMR)
1995 Federal Fire Policy
•
Firefighter and public safety is
the top priority.
•
The Guiding Principles
Guiding Principles
• Firefighter and public safety is the
first priority in every fire
management activity.
• The role of wildland fire is an
essential ecological process and
natural change agent will be
incorporated into the planning
process.
Guiding Principles
•
Fire management plans, programs,
and activities support land and
resource management plans and their
implementation.
•
Fire Management Plans guide the
suppression management strategy.
•
Sound risk management is the
foundation for all fire management
activities.
Guiding Principles
• Fire management programs are
economically viable, based upon values
to be protected, costs, and land and
resource management objectives.
• Fire management plans and activities
are based on the best available science.
• Fire management plans and activities
incorporate public health and
environmental quality considerations.
Guiding Principles
• Federal, State, Tribal, and local
interagency coordination and
cooperation are essential.
• Standardization of policies and
procedures among Federal
agencies is an ongoing effort.
Wildland Fires
• Wildland fires are unplanned
events
• Wildland fires managed for
protection objectives
• Wildland fires managed for
resource objectives
• Prescribed fire
Federal Fire Policy
• Manual direction
FSM 5100
DOI 2000
BLM 9200
• Handbooks
• Implementation
Guides
• “Red Book”
Then along came a couple of
significant events! The Cerro
Grande Prescribed Fire Escape and
the Worst Fire Season since 1910.
What A Season 2000 was!!!
REVIEW AND UPDATE
OF THE 1995
FEDERAL WILDLAND
FIRE MANAGEMENT
Policy
January 2001
FEDERAL AGENCIES
DOI
BLM
BIA
NPS
BOR
FWS
 USGS
FEDERAL AGENCIES
USDA-FS
FEMA
DOC-NWS
DOE
EPA
DOD
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
The 1995 Federal Fire Policy is still
generally sound and appropriate.
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
As a result of fire exclusion, the
condition of fire-adapted ecosystems
continues to deteriorate; the fire
hazard situation in these areas is
worse than previously understood.
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
The fire hazard situation in the
Wildland Urban Interface is more
complex and extensive than
understood in 1995
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
Changes and additions to the 1995
Federal Fire Policy are needed to
address important issues of ecosystem
sustainability, science, education,
communication, and to provide for
adequate program evaluation.
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of the 1995 Federal
Fire Policy has been incomplete,
particularly in the quality of planning
and in interagency and
interdisciplinary matters
PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS
Emphasis on program management,
implementation, oversight, leadership,
and evaluation at senior levels of all
Federal agencies is critical for
successful implementation of the 2001
Federal Wildland Fire Management
Policy.
This review led to several
significant changes to the Fire
World as we knew it!
NATIONAL FIRE PLAN
• WGA 10-Year Comprehensive Strategy
• IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
NUMEROUS UPDATES
AND REVISIONS OF
MANUALS, GUIDES,
HANDBOOKS, ETC. ARE
ON-GOING AS A RESULT
OF THE 2001 REVIEW.
QUESTIONS?