Transcript Dias nummer 1

Felinae
Billeder af kattefamilen Feninae samt en kort
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Familiebilleder
Subfamily Felinae
Chinese Mountain Cat - Felis bieti
Jungle Cat - F. chaus
Feral Domestic Cat - F. catus
Sand Cat - F. margarita
Black-footed Cat - F. nigripes
European Wild Cat - F. sylvestris
Caracal - Caracal caracal
Canadian lynx - Lynx canadensis
European lynx - L. lynx
Spanish lynx - L. pardina
Bobcat - L. rufus
Bay Cat - Catopuma badia
Temminck's Golden Cat - C.
temmincki
Jaguarondi - Herpailurus
yagouarundi
Ocelot - Leopardus pardalis
Oncilla - L. tigrina
Margay - L. weidii
Serval - Leptailurus serval
Iriomote Cat - Mayailurus iriomotensis
Pampas Cat - Oncifelis colocolo
Geoffrey's Cat - O. geoffreyi
Kodkod or Huina - O. guigna
Mountain Cat - Oreailurus jacobita
Pallas' Cat or Manul - Otocolobus
manul
Bengal Cat - Prionailurus bengalensis
Flat-headed Cat - P. planticeps
Rusty-spotted Cat - P. rubiginosus
Fishing Cat - P. viverrinus
African Golden Cat - Profelis aurata
Cougar - Puma concolor
Familiebilleder
Chinese Mountain Cat - Felis bieti
Den kinesiske bjergkat er ca. på
størrelse med en almindelig
huskat.
Den er gulligbrun med en lidt
mørkere (sort) farve på ryggen.
Dens pels er tyk og tæt.
Trædepuderne er dækket af et
tykt lag beskyttende lag hår, ,
men ikke så tyk og beskyttende
som ”The Sand Cat”.
De har korte tufser på ørerne
onkring 2 cm lange.
De har også store hørekanaler i
ørerne, hvilket tyder på, at de
bruger hørersansen når de jager.
Deres haler er med 3 – 4 ringe
og en sort halespids.
Familiebilleder
Jungle Cat - F. chaus
The jungle cats in the northern parts of their range have a
ground coloration of a greyish-brown, while those in the
southern parts of their range are more yellowish red in color.
Markings are restricted to the face and legs, which are faint
brown stripes. Their ears are tipped with dark brown to black
hair.
These cats were
trained by the ancient
Egyptians to hunt
water birds. Because
of this and the
similarity of jungle cats
to Abyssinians, it is
believed they played a
part in the
domestication of the
house cat.
Familiebilleder
Andean Mountain Cat - Leopardus jacobitus
The Andean catis about the size of a
domestic house cat. It is a silvery grey
in color, with an ashy ticking on the
back, and pale underparts. It has spots
that run in diagonal lines along its body
that are black on the legs, brown on
the body, and orange on the back. It
has a very fine hair on a very thick, soft
coat that has long hairs, some hairs up
to 2 in (4 cm) in length. The longest
hairs are on the back. Its thick tail is
pale and marked with nine dark brown
bands. Its ears are a grey color.
Familiebilleder
Black Footed Cat - Felis nigripes
The black-footed cat is among the smallest of the
Felids. The largest of them weighs 5 lb (2.3 kg), with
the males being approximately 31% larger than the
females. The name of these small felids comes from
the black markings on their paws and the soles of their
feet. Their fur is a yellowish brown, with varying shades
between individuals, with black bars that extend across
their shoulders, legs, and on their short tail.
Familiebilleder
Bobcat - Lynx rufus
Bobcats are closely related to the lynx; however, it is half the size of the
Canadian lynx. The bobcat can also be distinguished from the lynx by the
markings on its tail; whereas the lynx has a black tip to its tail that goes
completely around its tail, the bobcat's had a white underside with the
coloration and markings on the top half. Bobcats also lack the hair on the
soles of their feet that lynxes have. The tufts on the ends of their ears
tend to be smaller, and their ruff not as prominent.
They can be a reddish brown to a light grey, with white underside and
black spots on the legs, and black markings on the face. They have the
distinctive ruff on the sides of their head and black tufts on the tips of
their ears. Bobcats in the southern parts of their range tend to have more
vibrant markings than those further north, and tend to be smaller. Both
melanistic (black) and leucistic (white) bobcats have been reported, but
the melanistic ones have only been found in Florida. Like many species
of wild felids, the bobcat has black ears with one large white spot in the
middle of the back of each ear, called eyespots. It serves to signal to
other felines the cat's mood; the spots are clearly present when the ears
are laid backward so it may signal aggression. It gets its name from its
short nubby tail.
Bobcats from the northern parts of their range tend to be larger on
average than those further south. Larger individuals also tend to occur in
open areas, wheras those from forested areas are smaller. The largest
bobcat on record weighed 17.6 kg (38.8 lb).
Familiebilleder
Bornean Bay Cat - Catopuma badia
They look like a smaller version of the
Asian golden cat. They come in two
color types: the more common reddish
brown type, and a grey type. They
have paler underparts, which have
darker spots on them. Pale lines mark
their forehead and cheeks. The ears
are blackish brown in color. The tail is
brown with a white underside and tip,
with a black spot on the top of the tip.
Its teeth are unlike any other cat: with
its first upper premolar being smaller
and only having one root in the gum,
as opposed to the two in other cats.
Familiebilleder
Canadian Lynx - Lynx canadensis
This lynx is about half the size of the Eurasian lynx. Like all other
lynxes, they have huge ruffs of hair projecting from the sides of
their face, black tufts of hair in the tips of their ears, large paws,
and a short stubby black tipped tail. The reddish coat is tipped with
white, which gives the coat a "frosted" look. They usually do not
have any spotting on their coat, if they do it is very faint. They have
black ears with one large white spot on the back of each ear. An
unusual color morph, called the "blue lynx", has been observed,
where the lynx is very pale to the point of being almost white.
Lynxes have extremely long legs and wide feet. Their hind legs are
longer than their front legs.
Lynxes can easily be distinguished from bobcats by their tails:
lynxes tails are tipped in black all around the tail whereas bobcat's
tails are solid black on the top and white underneath. Lynxes also
have larger feet, a more prominent facial ruff, longer legs, soles
covered in hair, and the ear tufts are longer. The word lynx comes
from the Greek word meaning "to shine".
Familiebilleder
Caracal - Caracal caracal
The caracal resembles a lynx in that it has large black ear
tufts, which can be 2 inches long! However, the caracal is
smaller than the lynx. They are colored like the North
American mountain lion (Puma concolor), with a short,
dense, reddish brown pelt, white underparts and around
their eyes and front of their muzzle, and black markings on
their muzzle, and a lack of specific markings on the coat.
Melanistic, or all-black, caracals are not unheard of. A small
percentage of caracals in Israel are a greyish color. They
also have a longer tail than most of the Lynx genus, and
lack the large tufts of hair that project from the sides of their
face like other lynxes. Their black ears have large white
spots in the middle of the back of each ear, called an
eyespot, which all cats have. It serves to signal to other
felines the cat's mood; the spots are clearly present when
the ears are laid backward so it may signal aggression.
Their name is derived from the Turkish word "karakal" which
means "black ears".
Their body and legs are slender. Their hind legs are
noticeably longer than their front legs. Females are
significantly smaller than the males, which are around 25%
larger on average than the females. The subspecies from
Turkmenestan has tufts of stiffer hairs on its paws.
Familiebilleder
Eurasian Lynx - Lynx lynx
The Eurasian lynx is about twice the size of the North
American lynx. They are usually yellowish brown to a
reddish grey, with black spots and black markings on their
face. The underbelly and face is a lighter cream color. Like
all lynx species, they posess large ruffs of hair that project
horizontally from the sides of their face, a short stubby tail
with a black tip, and long black tufts of hairs projecting from
the tips of their pointed ears. The backs of their ears are
black with one large white spot in the middle of the back of
each ear. The spotting in their coat tends to be lighter in
the winter and in cats that live in cooler climates. Their
spots can vary as well, and four basic coat patterns have
been observed: large spots, small spots, small rosettes,
and pale-spotted or "spotless" lynx.
Their large feet are protected with thick fur to keep their
feet warm as they walk on the cold ground, as well as
acting as snowshoes that support the cat's weight in the
snow.
Sexual dimorphism is pronounced, with the male being
significantly larger than the females. Lynxes from the
northern and eastern areas of their range tend to be larger
in overall size than lynxes found in southern and western
areas. Lynx have 28 teeth.
Familiebilleder
Colocolo Pampas Cat - Leopardus colocolo
Their face is broad and they have pointed ears.
Pampas cats have an incredible diversity in
coat coloration and markings, which lead some
people to want to classify them as three
separate species. One is a silvery grey in color,
with reddish bands running over its legs and
body. They can also be solid black. Some are
solid red with black bands on their legs, and
some are a lighter tannish color with spots on
their back and stripes on their legs. All color
varieties have long hair, and they have a small
mane down their back. Individual hairs can be
up to 2.5 inches (7 cm) in length. They also
have a bushy tail. When the cat is frightened,
the mane can erect and the tail gets more
bushy, making the cat look bigger than it
actually is. There is a color difference
throughout their range. Northern subspecies
have grey ears with a white spot on the back,
while those living farther south have plain ears.
Bars running from the corner of the eyes to the
ears is more pronounced in western
subspecies.
Familiebilleder
Cougar - Puma concolor
The cougar is the largest North American feline. Males
are 40% larger than the females. They have a heavy
stocky build, thick limbs, and a long thick tail. They are the only plain
colored big cat besides the lion, and their coat can range from
greyish-brown to reddish brown, with a white underside and face. In
the tropical areas, their coat tends to take on a reddish hue,
whereas in the North, it tends to be more greyish. They have black
markings on the sides of their muzzle.
Cougars are well adapted to life in uneven terrain. They can leap
up to 40 feet across the ground. Their hind legs are proportionately
larger than their front legs, which makes it easy for them to
accomplish such long jumps. They also possess large padded
paws, which help them grasp the rough terrain. Their canines, which
are an inch and a half long, help them grasp their prey. Their long
tail is used for balance while pursuing their prey.
Familiebilleder
Fishing Cat -Prionailurus viverrinus
They somewhat resemble the civet, which earned them their species name, viverrina,
which is Latin for civet. They are very sturdily built animals, very powerful and thick,
strong looking cats. They have a short broad muzzle with virtually no stop (the point at
which the nose meets the forehead); very small rounded ears set low on the sides of their
head; a rounded, almost pit-bull like jawset; very thick lower jaw and rounded head; and
a thick neck. They have short sturdy legs, a short stubby tail that is very thick at the base,
and their body is very heavy. Their coloration is a greyish brown with black bars running
along their neck and face, and dark brown spots in rows on their body. Like most cats,
they
have eyespots on the back
of their ears, which are black
ears with one large white spot
in the middle of the back of
each ear. It serves to signal to
other felines the cat's mood;
the spots are clearly present
when the ears are laid backward so it may signal aggres-s
ion. They have a webbing
between the toes of their front
paws, and because of this,
their front claws cannot be
fully sheathed and so stick
out all the time, which probably aid in catching fish
Familiebilleder
Flat Headed Cat - Prionailurus planiceps
It has a broad, flat head with small ears set very low
on the sides of the skull, similar to the Pallas' cat.
They have very large eyes, very small ears, short
stumpy legs, and a short thick tail. Its fur is very thick
and soft, and is a reddish brown in color, with a white
underbody. Brown spots fleck the flanks and belly. Two
white stripes run from the sides of the nose towards
the forehead. They cannot retract their claws all the
way like most other species of cats. They have very
unusual teeth in that all their teeth are pointed, not just
the canines.
Familiebilleder
Geoffrey's Cat - Leopardus geoffroyi
The Geoffrey's cat's name comes from the French
naturalist Geoffrey St. Hilaire, who traveled in South
America in the early 1800s, and may have discovered
this cat. They are about the size of a domestic cat. It
has a golden yellow ground color with black spots all
over. They have black bars on their face that run from
the corner of their eyes and mouth to their ears, and
vertically on its forehead. The semi-circular ears have
a black back with a white spot in the center, which all
cats have. It serves to signal to other felines the cat's
mood; the spots are clearly present when the ears are
laid backward so it may signal aggression. The tail has
black bars on it. They have rather large eyes in
relation to their head size, and they are set low on
their face, forming a wide "V" from one eye to the nose
to the other eye, unlike the rectangular "U" shape of
other cats, which makes their head look wider than it
is.
Familiebilleder
Iberian Lynx - Lynx pardinus
The Iberian lynx is very similar in appearance to
the Eurasian lynx, except that it is about half the
size. The Iberian lynx tends to be lighter in color
and its spots are more noticeable. Like all
members of the lynx group, it posesses the ruffs
on the sides of its face, black ear tufts, a short
stubby black tipped tail, and wide feet. Many
people believe it to be just a subspecies of
Eurasian lynx, but they are half the size and
they are lighter in color with more prominent
markings.
Familiebilleder
Iriomote Cat - Prionailurus iriomotensis
The Iriomote cat was first described in 1967 by Dr. Imaizumi of the National
Science Museum in Tokyo. He believed it was a member of an extinct line
of cats with the genus Mayailurus. More recently, it was suggested that it
should be grouped as a subspecies of leopard cat (Felis bengalensis),
because of the discovery of the Tsushima cat, which inhabits the same
area. The Tsushima cat is being classified as a subspecies of leopard cat.
However, fossil remains that were unearthed on nearby island Miyakojima
suggested that the Iriomote cat had been a separate species for at least 2
million years. Further support for the separate species classification comes
from Prof. Paul Leyhausen, who points out that though its skull shares
structural similarities with the leopard cat, it also shares structural
similarities with other species like the marbled cat and the golden cats.
The Iriomote cat is similar in size to a domestic house cat, but has shorter
legs and tail. Its coloration is dark brown with rows of darker brown spots
running along its body. Often five to seven lines extend across its body.
The ears are small and rounded, and have dark fur on the back with a
white spot in the center. This serves as a signal, when the ears are laid flat
the white spots show, which is a dead giveaway from a distance that the
cat is mad, because mad cats flatten their ears. They have a very thick,
bushy tail with dark rings banding it, and dark spots on its base.
Unlike most other cats, it cannot sheath its claws all the way, which further
distances it from the leopard cat, which can sheath its claws. The Iriomote
cat's feet are slightly webbed as well, similar to the fishing cat, who also
cannot sheath their claws all the way either. The structures on the inside of
its ears are small, meaning it uses sight more than sound to capture prey.
They have a low build, which enables them to move quickly through
underbrush.
Familiebilleder
Kodkod - Leopardus guigna
The kodkod is the smallest felid in the western hemisphere.
They are smaller than a houscat. The ground color is a greyish
brown, with dense black spots all over. The spots often merge
into stripes, especially on its tail and back. They have large
claws and feet, which helps them to climb. They tend to spend a
lot of time in the trees. They have eyespots on the backs of their
ears (black ears with a large white spot in the centre.) Their tail
is short and thick, and ringed. Melanistic, or all black individuals,
are not uncommon.
Familiebilleder
Leopard Cat - Prionailurus bengalensis
The leopard cat is approximately the
size of a domestic house cat, but with
longer legs. The ground color of this
cat can range from a pale yellow, to a
golden yellow, to a reddish or greyish
yellow. They have many large, solid,
black spots and blotches covering
their entire body. The spots may form
stripes on areas of the neck and
back. Their under belly and underside
of their face is white. They also have
black ears with one large white spot
in the middle of the back of each ear,
which most cats have.
Familiebilleder
Margay - Leopardus wiedii
These cats are similar to ocelots, but much smaller.
They have golden ground color, covered in large
spots. Their tail, which can be up to 70% of its total
body length, is so long because they are arboreal and
use their long tail for balance. Like most cat species,
they have black ears with large white spots on the
back, which is used for signaling mood. They have a
short rounded head with very large eyes. Margays in
the more mountainous areas of their range have
darker black markings. Unlike any other cat, they have
the ability to rotate their ankles around 180º and climb
down a tree head first, like a squirrel.
They are often confused with the two
similar species the oncilla and ocelot;
the margay is midway between these
two species in size.
Familiebilleder
Ocelot - Leopardus pardalis
The ocelot's ground coloration
can range from light yellow, to
reddish grey, to gold, to a
greyish gold color. They have
black markings -- spots, stripes
along their sides and face, and
rosettes on their back. They
have a white underside and
face, and their black ears have
large white spots on the back.
Though they resemble the
margay, the ocelot is twice their
size.
Familiebilleder
Oncilla - Leopardus tigrinus
The oncilla is very small; the largest
males not exceeding 6 lb (2.8 kg).
They are yellow ochre in color, with
black blotchy spots, a white
underside, and pale facial markings.
There are black rings on the tail.
The backs of the ears are black with
a white spot. The fur is thick, soft,
short. Melanistic (all-black) cats are
common, comprising about 1/5 of
the total oncilla population. They are
the smallest of the three cats in the
genus Leopardus, which includes
the ocelot and the margay.
Familiebilleder
Pallas' Cat - Felis manul
The Pallas' cat is about the size of an average housecat. Some say
they resemble a long haired grey-tabby persian cat, and were once
believed to be the ancestors of these cats, which is now known to be
false. They have a very short broad head, with very small round ears
set down on the sides of the head, and large yellow eyes. Their body is
heavy and supported on stocky legs. Their coat is the longest of any
species of wild cat, and is a greyish color, with white tips to the hairs
which creates a frosted appearance. They have small black spots all
over their body and head, and two black bars on the sides of their face.
Familiebilleder
Pampas Cat - Leopardus pajeros
This species is relatively new, and
not well described. A taxonomic
evaluation of 96 museum specimens
leads García-Perea (1994) to
propose that, given pronounced
geographic differences, the Colocolo
Pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo) is
actually three species: Leopardus
pajeros, (high Andes from Ecuador
to Patagonia and throughout
Argentina); Leopardus braccatus
(Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay); and
Leopardus colocolo (Chile).
Familiebilleder
Rusty Spotted Cat - Prionailurus rubignosus
The rusty spotted cat is one of the smallest
cats in the world, being about the size of a
black-footed cat. The rusty spotted cat is a
rusty colored cat with a pale underbelly and
white face markings around the eyes and
on the muzzle. They have dark brown spots
on their back, and rusty colored spots on
their underparts. The soles of their feet are
black. They have a rounded head with
small ovular ears set obliquely on the top of
their head. Their eyes are huge in
comparison to their head-size. They have a
long body set on short legs and a very long,
thick tail.
Familiebilleder
Sand Cat - Felis margarita
The sand cat is one of the smallest cat species.
They have a small, round body set on short legs.
The head is large and wide in proportion to their
body. Huge ears set low on either side of the head.
The dense, soft fur can be any color from sandy to a
light grey, with bands of dark brown to black around
its legs, dark bands coming from the corner of each
eye on the sides of its face, and a white muzzle. The
cat also has black tabby markings on its face and
body.
Like many other species of desert carnivores, the
sand cat has a layer of profuse hair covering the
pads of their feet to protect their pads from the
searing hot sands. In the Sahara, daytime sand
surface temperature can reach 124°C (255°F), which
is higher than the boiling point of water, and can
easily scald unprotected flesh. The claws of this cat
are dull, since they have nothing to sharpen them
against in the desert, and often will leave marks in
their
tracks.
In addition to having oversized ears, the sand cat
also has an enlarged auditory bullae (inner ear),
which contributes to their keen sense of hearing
needed to detect prey.
Familiebilleder
Serval - Leptailurus serval
The serval is a very distinctive looking felid. They have a
relatively small head with huge rounded ears. They have
a very short tail, almost like that of a lynx or bobcat. Their
ground coloration is yellow buff, with white underparts
and muzzle. The coat has black markings all over which
consist of bars on the chest and legs, spots on the body,
and tabby stripes on the face. They have black ears with
one large white spot in the center, as like most other
cats, which is used for communication. Servals in the
grasslands have larger spots than those livening in the
forests. Melanistic (all-black) servals have been known to
exist, mostly in the Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya areas.
They are most likely found in the
borders of rainforests, where they
would need the darker coloring to
camouflage. White servals have
also been observed, with photographic evidence. This color morph
only exists in captivity, however.
These servals are white or creamy
colored with normal and pale spots.