Transcript DO NOW - O. Henry 8th Grade Science / FrontPage

DO NOW
7th
Grade
Science
Oct 20,
2014
Date:
10/20
DO NOW:
How is it possible that a blonde child
can be born to parents who both have
brown hair?
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What creates diversity among
offspring?
OBJECTIVES:
-Video on advantages of Asexual
Reproduction
-Investigation: Dresophila Fly
Fornication
Video: Advantages of Asexual Reproduction
(watching only up to 2min 30sec.)
Vocabulary Review
Phenotype:
Curly wings,
white eyes,
tan body.
Dominant
Recessive
Wings
A = curly
a=straight
Eye Color
R = red
r = white
Body Color B = tan
b = yellow
Possible Genotype:
AA, rr, BB
AA, rr, Bb
Aa, rr, BB
Aa, rr, Bb
How is this genotype different than the others?
VOCABULARY REVIEW
Allele: a version of one gene
Example: curly wing allele = A
Example: straight wing allele = a
“Homo” = Same
Homozygous: having identical alleles or versions of a gene for a t
Example: Homozygous Dominant (AA)
Example: Homozygous Recessive (aa)
“Hetero” = Different
Heterozygous: having different alleles or versions of a gene for a
Example: Heterozygous (Aa)
Investigation
1. Tape the investigation handouts into your composition book.
Make your notebook look like this picture.
2. Read introduction and answer the pre-lab questions.
Tape here only
Investigation: Sexual Reproduction
1. Each pair will get a nucleus (paper
cup) with 4 allele pairs (red/yellow coins).
2. Shake up the cups and dump them out
on the table (make sure the male and
female alleles don’t get mixed up!)
Alleles
R
r
Male
Nucleus
Female
Nucleus
3. Record the genotype and phenotype
on your handout.
4. Repeat until you have data for 4
offspring.
5. Color your fruit fly drawings to match
the offspring you created.
Offspring
Nucleus
R
R
a
a
Investigation: Asexual Reproduction
1. Close your eyes and select both
chromosomes from the ONLY the female’s
nucleus.
2. Record the genotype and phenotype on
your handout.
r
r
Female
Nucleus
3. Repeat until you have data for 2 offspring.
r
4. Color your fruit fly pictures to match your
offspring.
r
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Draw a line between groups of offspring. Label
the first 4 offspring that had TWO PARENTS as
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: DIVERSE
Label the offspring with ONE PARENT as
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: UNIFORM
Asexual
Reproduction:
UNIFORM
Sexual
Reproduction:
DIVERSE
Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction
Investigation: Conclusion
Answer the questions below using complete
sentences.
Conclusion Question
1) Compare the offspring made by sexual
reproduction and asexual reproduction.
2) Explain why the offspring made by
sexual reproduction differ from asexual
reproduction.
3) Imagine a virus infects both populations
of offspring and kills only red eyed flies.
Which population of offspring is most
likely to survive: the population of
sexually or asexually reproducing flies?
Explain your answer.
Exit Ticket
• How are the offspring of sexual reproduction
different from the offspring of asexual
reproduction?
DO NOW
Oct
21
Date:
10/21
Q:
DO NOW:
What are some of the different
phenotypes in your family?
A:
Are there any members in your family that
look different than all the others?
Explain why you think that is.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What creates diversity among
offspring?
OBJECTIVES:
-Punnett square practice
-Two-column notes on types of
reproduction
-Compare the types of reproduction in
a mind map
Video
Asexual Reproduction
NOTES: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Expectations:
-Level 1 Voice
-DO NOT visit any other websites during your
note taking.
-Stay on task
TWO COLUMN NOTES
Main Idea or
Vocabulary on
the left
Details and
definitions on
the right
Heredity is the passing of traits
from parent to offspring.
Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother’s eyes and
your father’s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is
also variation, as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.
Offspring are the new organisms produced by
one or more parents. (children, babies, young)
The study
of heredity
in biology
is called
genetics.
The Father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel was an Austrian
monk who studied mathematics
and science but became a
gardener in a monastery.
The Father of Genetics
• Mendel thought there was a connection
between the flower color of a pea plant
and the type of seed the plant produced.
• He began to experiment with garden peas
in 1856.
• Mendel made careful use of experimental
design to study pea plants and had the first
recorded study of how traits pass from
one generation to the next.
Reproduction
Reproduction - biological process by which new
"offspring" (individual organisms) are produced
from their "parents".
*It is the process by which an organism
produces others of its same kind.
Turn to your partner and discuss the following
questions:
• Do all organisms reproduce?
• Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?
Types of Reproduction
• Asexual - one parent
– Offspring are UNIFORM
• Sexual - two parents
– Offspring are DIVERSE
Asexual Reproduction:
a type of reproduction in which a new organism is
produced from one parent and has the same DNA or
genetic material as the parent.
Yeast cells dividing (budding)
Spider plant offspring
Asexual Reproduction
• Requires only one parent
• Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes
as the parent.
– In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of
the parent.
– Mitosis
– Movie
Asexual Reproduction
Advantages:
• Animals that remain in one place and are unable to look for mates would
need to reproduce asexually.
• Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great
amount of energy or time. This type of reproduction is also faster.
• Environments that are stable and experience very little change are the best
places for organisms that reproduce asexually.
Disadvantages:
• Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms are genetically identical and
therefore share the same weaknesses.
• If the stable environment changes, the consequences could be deadly to all of
the individuals.
*Animals are not the only organisms that reproduce asexually.
Yeasts, plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual reproduction as well.
Asexual Reproduction
• Gremlins Clip
Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact
that you just learned about asexual
reproduction.
Sexual reproduction:
a type of reproduction in which two cells, usually
an egg and a sperm, join to form a new organism
with its own genetic identity.
Animal
Plant
Sexual Reproduction
Advantage:
• Allows genetic variation or diversity within a
species which assists with the species survival
Disadvantages:
• Requires 2 parents
• Reproduction is slower
Sexual Reproduction
• Most of the members of the
Animal Kingdom
– Fish
– Mammals
– Amphibians
– Birds
– Reptiles
– Insects
– Crustaceans
Sexual Reproduction
• Examples of organisms that reproduce
sexually
– Chickens
– Iguanas
– Lobsters
– Sharks
– Humans
– Butterflies
– Sunflowers
– Roses
Sexual Reproduction
• Happens 2 ways
– Internally (inside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female
– Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders
– Externally (outside)
• The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female
• The female lays the eggs and then the male
fertilizes them.
– Fish and some amphibians
– Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)
Asexual Reproduction
Examples
Asexual Reproduction
• Examples of organisms that reproduce
asexually
– Hydra
– Sea Star
– Strawberry
– Eubacteria
– Euglena
– Paramecium
– Yeast
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Fragmentation
Fragmentation is where a
single parent breaks into
parts that regenerate into
whole new individuals.
Ex. Planaria
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Vegetative Propagation (Plant
cuttings)
•
http://leavingbio.net/VEGETATIVEPROPAGATION.htm
Vegetative reproduction is a type of
asexual reproduction in plants where new
parts grow from parts of the parent plant.
It has long been used in horticulture and
agriculture.
Ex. Spider Plant
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Binary Fission
– Bacteria
– Protists
Binary fission is a form of
asexual reproduction where
every organelle is copied and
the organism divides in two.
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Budding
• Movie
Budding is where a
new individual
develops from an
outgrowth of a
parent, splits off, and
lives independently.
Types of Asexual Reproduction
• Regeneration
Regeneration occurs
when a body part has
broken off and the
organism grows a new
one. Ex. Lizard Tail
*The ability to restore
lost or damaged
tissues, organs or limbs
A whole new starfish can grow
from a single arm that was cut
off a starfish organism.
A planarian is a tiny flatworm
that lives in ponds. If a planarian
is cut into pieces, each piece
will grow into a new planarian.
Yeast are one-celled
organisms that produce offspring
from a bulge that forms and
breaks away from the parent.
Exit Ticket
Which offspring, sexual or asexual, are likely to
have genetic variation?
Which offspring will be identical?
DO NOW
Date:
10/22
10/23
What is the difference between sexual
and asexual reproduction?
Use complete sentences.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
How are traits passed from parents to
offspring (children)?
OBJECTIVES:
-DNA extraction lab
-Review Vocabulary for Heredity.
-Play Science BINGO using vocabulary
DNA Extraction Lab
Lab Director: Makes sure directions are being
followed correctly.
Materials Manager: Gets materials and returns
them. Makes sure all materials are accounted
for.
Clean-up Manager: Assigns clean up duties as
needed and does final clean check.
Time Keeper: Makes sure students stay on task
and watches the clock.
DNA Extraction Lab
When you finish the procedures, clean your area
and answer the questions at your desk.
Independent Practice
Sponge Bob Genetics Sheet
SCIENCE BINGO!
Fill in all of the empty spaces with one word from the
back of your card. Words can be used twice, but not
in the same row or column.
genes
alleles
phenotype
phenotype
As you hear the definition of a word, check it off your paper.
Any full horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line results in Bingo!
DO NOW
Date:
10/19
7th grade
Science
Q: What creates diversity in offspring?
DO NOW:
Describe the main difference
between sexual and asexual
reproduction in your own words.
Use complete sentences.
Oct 19,
2012