Transcript Professional Presentation Organization

Presenting with
Confidence
Haverford College
November 12, 2013
Introductions
Lionel Anderson
Office of Academic Resources
Haverford College
Ralph Gigliotti
Assistant Director of Leadership Programs
Villanova University
Tonight’s Agenda
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Introductions
Speech Organization
Speech Anxiety
Speech Delivery
Questions?
Introductions
 Name
 Major
 Hometown
 Why
are you here?
Why does public
speaking matter?
Tonight’s Agenda
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Introductions
Speech Organization
Speech Anxiety
Speech Delivery
Questions?
Guiding Question
What do you look for in
the organization of a
speech?
Thesis statement
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A sentence that focuses your
audience’s attention on the central
point of speech
Usually in the introduction
Example: “The Heimlich maneuver
involves applying pressure to the
victim’s diaphragm to expel air from
the lungs and thus dislodge what is
caught in the throat.”
Specific Purpose
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Expresses your speech goal
Be realistic
Be able to measure success
Begin with “to”
Example: “to have the audience
understand the basic principles
involved in the Heimlich
maneuver.”
Organizing Your Speech
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Organizing Your Message

Focus on your audience:
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Refine your specific purpose
Focus on your thesis statement
The first part of a speech you write is the
...
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Relationship of Points in
Traditional Speech
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Introduction
I. Attention Getter
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tell a story
give a quotation
make a startling statement
refer to the audience, occasion, or a current event
use appropriate humor
share personal experience
ask a thought-provoking question
Introduction
II. Signal your thesis

Review the thesis statement that you have
developed & reveal your speech’s “bottom
line,” alerting listeners to your topic and
purpose in delivering the presentation
III. Show your audience “What’s in it for
them”
IV. Establish your credibility
V. Preview your main points
Body

Present the main points of your
speech
2
– 5 main points (3 is ideal)
 Each main point should focus on one
main idea
 Parallel structure/coordination
 Concise and simple language
 Balance
Patterns of Organization
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Spatial – geographically or physically
Temporal – chronological (time-based) sequence
Causal – cause-and-effect relationship
Comparison – major similarities & differences
between the items
Problem-cause-solution – problem exists,
identifying the causes, and proposing a solution
Criteria-application – proposes standards and
then applies standards
Narrative – each point is a story event that uses
characters & a plot to convey your message
Categorical – each point represents an important
aspect of your topic
Conclusion
I. Summarize Main Points

Briefly remind the audience of your thesis
and review all main ideas
II. Finish with a Memorable Clincher

Create a 30-second clincher that is tied to
your introduction and leaves an imprint on
your audience’s brains
 Give a quotation
 Tell a brief anecdote
 Make a concrete call to action
 Return to your opening theme
 Emotional message
Putting It All Together
 Use
transitions and signposts among your main
points
 Prepare a formal working outline which
includes a bibliography
 Prepare a speaking outline and speaker’s
notes using key words from outline
 Use visual aids that reflect the main points from
outline
18
Speaker’s Note Cards
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Activity

In groups of three, identify biggest
issue at Haverford and create three
main points using one organizational
pattern, one attention getter, and one
clincher.
Tonight’s Agenda
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Introductions
Speech Organization
Speech Anxiety
Speech Delivery
Questions?
Survey Question
Speech Anxiety

Speech Anxiety
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unpleasant thoughts and feelings aroused by the
anticipation of a real or imagined public speech
can be managed through mental and behavioral
skills
How Arousal Influences
Performance
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Stage One: Managing Anxiety Before
Speaking
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Overcome uncertainty
Prepare and practice
Gain experience speaking
Develop a positive attitude
Establish realistic goals
Avoid negative self-talk
Don’t be overly concerned with grades
Use visual imagery
Use relaxation techniques
Combine techniques
“Wet Dog”
Stage Two:
Managing Anxiety While Speaking
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Remember your audience is rooting for
you
Dress for confidence
Breathe deeply and relax
Smile before beginning
Make eye contact
Practice positive self-talk
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“I can do this”
Use positive coping statements
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“It’s going well. . .I’m halfway home”
Stage Three:
Managing Anxiety After Speaking
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Breathe deeply
Congratulate yourself
Be ready to record comments
Focus on instructor/audience feedback
List what you did well and what can be
improved
Use positive self-talk
Self-Talk To Avoid
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Self-criticizing
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Self-pressuring
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“I’m a terrible speaker”
“I can’t afford anything less than an A”
Catastophizing
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“This is the worst experience I’ll ever have”
Tonight’s Agenda
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Introductions
Speech Organization
Speech Anxiety
Speech Delivery
Questions?
Guiding Question
What do you look for in
the delivery of a speaker?
Methods of Delivery

Writing out the speech completely and reading it to the audience is
…

Writing out the speech, committing it to memory and presenting it
without notes is …

Presenting a spontaneous, unrehearsed speech is ...

Preparing carefully but speaking spontaneously from brief notes is ...
Extemporaneous delivery
Impromptu delivery
Manuscript delivery
Memorized delivery
Verbal Delivery Skills:
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Volume – loud or soft
Tone – high or low pitch
Rate of delivery – quickly or slowly
Projection – “booming” your voice across
large space
Articulation – crispness of your spoken
words
Pronunciation – how correctly you say the
words
Pausing – leaving gaps between words or
sentences
Important:
Find your own
voice as a
speaker!
Nonverbal Delivery Skills
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Eye contact – panning
Gestures – hand movements
Physical movement – movement around
room
Proxemics – space & distance
Personal appearance - impression you
make
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Clothing
Jewelry
Hairstyle
Grooming
Traditional Zone of Interaction
Insert Exhibit 11.2
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Shifting the Zone of Interaction
Insert Exhibit 11.3
© 2008 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Presentation Aids
 Make
sure everyone can see and hear
your aids.
 Control audience interaction with your
aids.
 Maintain eye contact.
 Remember the purpose of your
presentation aids.
Visual Aid Pointers
 Keep
visual aids:
 SIMPLE!
 Easy to read
 Colorful
 Almost always: Handouts at the end!
 When in doubt…leave it out
 PRACTICE!
Final tips…
 Take
control of your environment
 Rehearse
 Take control of your appearance
 Use NATURAL gestures
 Time your speech
 Avoid self-adapting behaviors
 Remember our tips on tackling speech
anxiety!