Transcript CHAPTER ONE - Solano Community College

CHEMISTRY 10: Chp 1
What do you need to start this class?
- Some math skills (Math 104 or equivalent)
- Some study skills
- Ability to read/comprehend English textbook
- A previous Chemistry class (HS or 160)
Will it be hard to do?
- Try to reduce anxiety with group activities
- Exams - we will have some practice first
- In lab: just use caution and listen!!!
- Learn the language of chemistry!
CHEMISTRY 10: Chp 1
What does SCUBA stand for?
(Self-contained underwater breathing
apparatus)
- Every area of life has its own “lingo” and
acronyms
- You will learn the “lingo of chemistry”
CHAPTER ONE
The Chemical World
CHEMISTRY 10: Chp 1
Chem. 10 is an introduction to a physical science.
A science is the observation, identification,
description, experimental investigation, and
theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.
Chemistry is the science of the composition,
structure, properties and reactions of matter,
especially of atomic and molecular systems.
observe
describe
identify
Natural
Phenomena
experimentally
investigate
theoretically
explain
composition
structure
Matter
properties
reactions
Structure Determines
Properties
Everything is made of tiny pieces called atoms
and molecules
Chemists believe that the properties of a
substance are determined by the kinds,
numbers and relationships between these
pieces
The Scientific Method: Definitions
Law: Statement of natural phenomena to which
no exceptions are known under the given
conditions. A law is not an explanation.
Hypothesis: A trial explanation of certain facts
that provides a basis for further experimentation.
Theory: Well-established hypothesis. An
explanation of the general principles of certain
phenomena with considerable evidence or facts
to support it.
Law
Simple Statement
of Natural Phenomena
No Exceptions
Under the Given
Conditions
EXPLANATIONS
Hypothesis
Theory
Tentative Explanation
of
Certain Facts
Explanation of the
General Principles
of Certain Phenomena
Provides a
Basis for
Further Experimentation
Considerable Evidence
or Facts
Support It
STEPS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Collect facts or data that are relevant to
the problem or question at hand. This is
usually done by experimentation.
2. Analyze the data to find trends
(regularities).
3. Formulate a hypothesis that will account
for the data and that can be tested by
further experimentation.
STEPS FOR THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
4. Plan and do additional experiments to test
the hypothesis.
5. Modify the hypothesis to ensure
compatibility with the experimental data.
Some Definitions
Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies
space.
Mass : The quantity or amount of matter that an
object possesses.
- Fixed
- Independent of the object’s location
Weight: A measure of the earth’s gravitational
attraction for an object.
- Not fixed
- Depends on the object’s location.