Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 4
The health benefits of physical activity
Outline
How could PA contribute to optimal
health and wellness?
Physical activity and cardiovascular
diseases
The Fit heart
Physical activity and Atherosclerosis
(heart attack)
RPA and other causes of heart attack
RPA and hypertension (high blood
pressure)
RPA and stroke
RPA reduce the risk of some form of
cancer
RPA can manage and treat type II
diabetes (noninsulin-dependent)
RPA maintains bone density and
decreases risk of osteoporosis
RPA can help in other chronic
illnesses
PA and Aging
Risk factors
Introduction
Accumulated evidence has shown The
existence of health benefits of PA
Sedentary living is considered as the
primary risk factor for heart disease.
Emphasize PA as one of the key healthy
lifestyles contributing to optimal H, W
and F
1.Physical activity and hypokinetic
diseases?
Chronic diseases are associated with lifestyles
or environmental factors.
Hypokinetic diseases are associated with lack
of physical activity (they are considered to be
chronic disease) and are : hearth attack,
diabetes, stroke and cancer
back pain and obesity are hypokinetic
conditions
Physical activity and fitness can prevent and
treat diseases (chronic) and are methods of
health and wellness promotion
Hypokinetic disease can be reduced among
people who do regular PA
1.Physical activity and hypokinetic
diseases?
Much like immunization can control
infectious diseases, PA may produce the
shortcut for the control of CD
Active people increase their life
expectancy by 2 years and have a low
chance for early death
RPA may overcome the effects of
inherited risk (twins)
Sedentary Death Syndrome (SeDS)
2.Physical activity and cardiovascular
diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are high
blood pressure, stroke, peripheral
vascular disease (PVD), congestive heart
failure and CHD
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) are
disease of heart muscle and blood vessels
(O2) inside the heart
* Coronary occlusion (heart attack)
* Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis
increase risk of heart attack
* Angina pectoris (symptom of poor
circulation)
2.Physical activity and cardiovascular
diseases
Men are more likely to suffer from
heart disease than women
CHD accounts for 32% of deaths
(USA)
90% reduced risk of CHD for those
in active occupation
Sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor
comparable to high blood pressure,
cholesterol, obesity and cigarette
smoke
3. The Fit heart
RPA increases the pumping of the blood and
oxygen
It results in a slower heart rate and greater heart
efficiency
The fit heart has open arteries free of
Atherosclerosis fig 2
3. The Fit heart
Normal resting heart is 72 bpm.
50-85 are not uncomment
People who do RPA have 30-40
bpm
Decrease in heart rate following a
training is positive adaptation
4. Physical activity and
Atherosclerosis (heart attack)
A heart attack occurs when a coronary
artery is blocked fig 2
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of deposit
(cholesterol (saturated fat),
fibrin(clotting process)) in arterial wall
Its implicated in heart attack, strocke,
hypertension, angina pectoris and PVD
4. Physical activity and
Atherosclerosis (heart attack)
Blood lipids includs lipoproteins (LDLand
HDL), phospholipids, triglycerides and
cholesterol
4. Physical activity and
Atherosclerosis (heart attack)
Lipid Deposit Theory:
* RPA can reduce the deposit of blood lipid
by diminishing blood lipid levels including the
concentration of LDL
* physical activity is often prescribed as part
of treatment for high triglyceride levels
Protective Protein Theory :
* People who do PA have a higher HDL levels
* Protective Protein (HDL) picks up and carries
cholesterol (HDL-C) to the liver, where it is
eliminated by the body
Other Theory:
* Blood coagulant theory: RPA can reduce fibrin
in the blood
5. RPA and other causes of heart
attack
Improvment of corronary circulation
People who perform RPA have half the risk of heart
attack
The active person has more profuse distribution of
arteries fig 5
Physical activity may promote the growth of extra
blood vessels (coronary collateral circulation)
Resistance to stress: high heart rate, blood
pressure and excessive stimulation
RPA leads to the dominance of
parasympathetic nervous system
RPA decreases sympathetic dominance
RPA helps the heart rate to return to normal
rate faster after after emotional storm
RPA strengthens the heart muscle
PA reduces hormonal effects
PA reduces the risk of sudden death
RPA is an effective means of rehabilitation for
people with coronary diseases
6. RPA and hypertension (high blood
pressure) Table 2
It can be raised with stress and high-salt diet
RPA is one effective method of reducing blood
pressure by reducing the resistance to blood flow
(dilatation of BV)
RPA enhance the dilation of blood vessels
7. RPA and stroke
People with high blood pressure
and atherosclerosis are susceptible
to stroke
RPA are helpful in the prevention
of stroke
8. RPA reduce the risk of some
form of cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by
an uncontrollable growth and spread of
abnormal cells table 3
Theory: a hormonal link between PA and
breast cancer
Theory: the faster transit time for both colon
and rectal cancer
Theory: Rectal cancer is associated with
inactivity
1/3 reduction-risk of breast cancers among
active people
50 to 250% of inactive people are having
greater risk of getting colon cancer
9. RPA can manage and treat
type II diabetes(noninsulindependent)
Diabetes results when there is too much sugar
in the blood
PA is not an effective treatment for type
I(insulin-dependent)
RPA can help reduce:
* Body fatness
* Decrease insulin resistance
* Improve insulin sensitivity
* Improve the body’s ability to clear the
sugar From the blood
10. RPA maintains bone density
and decreases risk of
osteoporosis
Excessive bed and setting rest lead to
calcium lose osteoporosis (porous and
fragile)
Bones are strengthened by bearing
weight and the pulling of active muscles
RPA can help in:
*increases your peak bone mass(early
life)
*maintains bone density over the
lifespan
* See guidelines page 58
11. RPA and obesity
Obesity is not a disease but a
hypokinetic condition
High fatness, combined with high
blood fat, sugar, pressure, and
insulin resistance is associated with
risk for heart diseases
RPA and sound nutrition lower the
body fat
12. RPA and back pain
It’s a result of poor muscle strength,
endurance and flexibility
Increased by poor posture, improper
lifting and work habits, heredity,
scoliosis and arthritis
13. RPA can help in mental
disorder
reducing the risk of mental diseases
- PA combined with other therapy can
be effective for some depression
- Anxiety can be reduced with RPA
- Insomnia (not vigorous and just
before going to bed)
- Improvement in fitness and
appearance can improve self-confidence
and self-esteem
14. PA can help ther immune system fight
illness
Infections: PA can enhance quality of life
for people with HIV avoid heavy PA when
you are ill (colds, flu)
15. PA and Aging
The inability to function effectively as you
grow older is associated with lack of
fitness and inactive lifestyles
Acquired aging/time dependent aging
The amount of PA performed must be
adapted as people grow older
PA enhace cognitive fuctioning and
perhaps reduce risk for dementia
RPA can compress illness into a shorter
period of life (76.1, 12 years)
16. RPA and non-hypokinetic
conditions
Arthritis (infection of joints) choose
appropriate PA
Asthma : choose appropriate PA but
not in cold weather
Chronic pain: aerobic activity and
resistance training
Premenstrual syndrom
PA may decrease impotence
Health, Fitness and Wellness
promotion
PA enhances metabolic fitness that can reduce
risk of a variety of hypokinetic diseases
(healthy blood fat, blood sugar, blood pressure
and insulin level) table 4
Good health-related fitness can help you feel
good, look good, and enjoy life (table 3)
Enjoying your leisure may not add years to
your life, but can add life to your years.
PA can help you to work productively and have
energy left over at the end of the day
There are many economic benefits associated
with employee physical activity
Hypokinetic diseases risk
factors
*Positive lifestyle can reduce the risk
of diseases (table 5)
* Too much PA can lead to
hyperkinetic diseases: overuse injury
to muscles, bone…
* Reducing risk alters the probability
of diseases, but does not assure
disease immunity