Transcript SIMD - Scottish Public Health Observatory
Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD)
ScotPHO training course – day 4
Andrew White Office of the Chief Statistician, Scottish Government
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
A run through of…
• • • • What is the SIMD?
– The history – The methodology Some things you should know… Headline findings Finding more info. on SIMD 2009
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
What is the SIMD?
• The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Multiple deprivation
• Multiple aspects of deprivation called ‘domains’ – Income – Employment – Health – Education – Access to Services – Housing – Crime
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
What is the SIMD?
• The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland.
• Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones Scotland from 1 being most deprived in to 6,505 being the least deprived. Does this for each domain and overall.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
What are datazones
?
• Statistical geography • Average population of 750 people • 6,505 datazones in Scotland • No names, but codes like S01000001
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
What is the SIMD?
• The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland.
• Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived. Does this for each domain and overall.
• Analysis often focuses on the 15% most deprived. There are 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived (and 1,301 in the 20%).
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
What is the SIMD?
• The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland.
• Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived. Does this for each domain and overall.
• Analysis often focuses on the 15% most deprived. There are 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived (and 1,301 in the 20%).
• SIMD is one measure of deprivation, not the only one.
• Similar indices produced across the UK.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
What is it used for?
• as a statistical classification • as an indicator to target resources and policies at small areas • feeds into work looking at Health inequalities across Scotland • individual domains and indicators also used. E.g. some Local Authorities use levels of income and employment deprivation to assess and monitor need.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
The history
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Carstairs
•Derived from four census indicators: – low social class, – lack of car ownership, – overcrowding – male unemployment.
•Calculated at postcode sector level (e.g. G84 9) •Available for 1981, 1991 & 2001 •Categorisation of scores – Quintile 1 (least deprived) to Quintile 5 (most deprived) – Decile 1 (least deprived) to Decile 10 (most deprived) •Available on the web site of Glasgow University's MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit – http://www.sphsu.mrc.ac.uk/publications/carstairs-scores.html
•ISD Scotland – http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/3211.html
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2004
• Work done in house • Datazone geography • 6 aspects of deprivation (domains) – Income – Employment – Health – Education – Access – Housing • Data from 2001 and 2002
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2006
• 7 domains – New crime domain added • Public transport times included in access domain as sub-domain • 37 indicators • Data (mostly) from 2004 and 2005 • Published October 2006
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009
• 7 domains – Income – Employment – Health – Education – Access – Crime – Housing • 38 indicators • Data (mostly) from 2007 and 2008
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Trend Analyses – which measure?
• • • •
Trend Analyses from 1999 onwards
– SIMD 2009
Trend Analyses back to 1991
– Carstairs 2001
Trend Analyses back to before 1991
– Carstairs 1991
http://www.isdscotland.org/isd/3211.html
Consistent Areas Through Time (CATTs) http://www.lscs.ac.uk/sls/SLSresourses.htm
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
The methodology
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Employment Deprivation Domain
• • Based on benefits data (2008) – Unemployment Claimant Count • 12 month average – Incapacity Benefit recipients • Working age – Severe Disablement Allowance • Working age – Compulsory New Deal Participants
No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009
• Datazone SAPE – Working age population
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Income Deprivation Domain
• Not measuring income • Based on benefits data (2008) – Income support • adults and children – Guarantee Pension Credit • adults – Job Seekers Allowance • adults and children – Child and Working Family Tax Credits • Adults and children in TC families on low incomes • 2004 used WFTC and DTC data • 2006 did not include tax credits • Datazone SAPE – Total population
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Health Deprivation Domain
• Indicators used: – Standardised Mortality Ratio* – Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use* – Hospital Episodes related to drug use* – Comparative Illness Factor* – Emergency Admissions to Hospital* – Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis – Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight • *Age – Sex Standardisation • Methodological changes since 2004 – Removal of Shrinkage • Minor changes for 2009 Weights • Normalised and combined using factor analysis 0.08
0.14
0.06
0.32
0.33
0.05
0.02
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Some things you should know… • The Index is relative i.e. it shows whether an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more or less deprived.
• The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation.
• Not everyone living in a deprived area is deprived. Nor do all deprived people live in the most deprived areas.
• There will always be 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in.
• Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time e.g. crime domain, tax credit data.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Some things you should know… • Often we might look at quintiles, deciles or vigintiles as a way of summarising SIMD ranks – For SG e.g. vigintiles will contain 1/20 th of all datazones – ISD use population weighted vigintiles so each vigintile will contain roughly 1/20 th of the population – Datazones have roughly equal populations so the two types of vigintile are similar but not the same – The postcode lookups on the SIMD website contain both types
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Some CHP results
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1)
*The
national share
is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each CHP
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1)
*The
local share
is the percentage of datazones within a CHP that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 – Income and Employment deprivation
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Using SIMD 2009 - SIMD website
www.scotland.gov.uk/SIMD
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
For example
• Interactive mapping • Postcode lookup • Datazone profiler • Background data • Annual updates…
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Scottish Government contacts
Advice for SG staff is available from the Small Area Statistics team on these topics:
SIMD SNS
: : Andrew White
Euan Smith
General enquiries
:
Neighbourhood.statistics@scotland .
gsi.gov.uk
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
G eography A nalysis S upport
Advice for NSS staff is available from the GAS team on these topics:
Deprivation
:
Geography
: Richard Lawder
Alison Burlison
Population/SNS*
: Andy Gasiorowski
*Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
ANY QUESTIONS?
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd