Dutch Reformation: “

Calvinism”

“From the Reformation to the Constitution”

Bill Petro

your friendly neighborhood historian

billpetro.com/v7pc 01/10/2010 1

01/10/2010 Augustine Pelagius Calvin Arminius 2

Reformation Traditions

Luther Melanchthon

1517 1532

Calvin Beza

Lutheran French-Swiss Lutheranism

Episcopal Zwingli Bullinger Grebel Manz Simonsz

1519 01/10/2010 1536

German-Swiss Swiss Brethren } Reformed

Presbyterian

Scottish Presb Dutch Reformed

Anabaptists

Congregational

Mennonites English Sep English Baptists 3

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Spread of Calvinism

4

Objectives

By the end of this session you should be able to: • Trace the development of 17 th century “

Calvinism

” • Differentiate

Arminianism

from “

Calvinism

” • Contrast

Augustine

and

Pelagius

• Discuss the meaning of

T.U.L.I.P.

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Pendulum of History

6

Theology: 16

th

& 17

th

centuries

16 th Catholicism Calvin 17 th Arminianism “Calvinism” 01/10/2010 7

Tightrope of Predestination

• Excessive

curiosity

in what God has not revealed • Excessive

timidity

in teaching what He has revealed 01/10/2010 8

Calvin on Predestination

Institutes,

Chapter 21.

Of the eternal election, by which God has predestinated some to salvation, and others to destruction.

• “All are not created on equal terms, but some are preordained to eternal life, others to eternal damnation” • “God by his secret counsel chooses whom he will while he rejects others.” 01/10/2010 9

Calvin on Predestination

“We maintain that this counsel, as regards the elect, is founded on His free

mercy

, without any respect to human worth, while those whom He dooms to destruction are excluded from access to life by a

just

and blameless -- but at the same time incomprehensible -- judgment.” 01/10/2010 11

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Jacobus Arminius

• a.k.a. James Harmens • 1560-1609 • Studied under Theodore Beza • Dutch theologian • Professor: Leiden University • Differed with Calvin on: – Unconditional election – Irresistible grace – Perseverance – Predestination 01/10/2010 15

• Church Father • Hippo in Africa • Pagan • Milan •

Confessions

• Fall of Rome 01/10/2010

Augustine

16

Pelagius

• British Monk • Popular teacher in Rome • Contradicted Augustine • Denied Original Sin 01/10/2010 17

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Arminianism

1610:

5 Remonstrances

1. God elects or reproves on the foreseen faith or unbelief. 2. Christ died for all men although only believers are saved.

3. The free will of man due to only partial depravity 4. This grace may be resisted.

5. Whether or not all who are truly regenerate will certainly persevere requires further investigation.

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Synod of Dordt

• Dordrecht, Netherlands: 1618-1619 • Established the “Canons of Dordt” • Rejected the

5 Remonstrances

• Affirmed Reformed doctrine • 5 Points of “Calvinism”: T.U.L.I.P.

• “Calvinism” vs. Calvin 01/10/2010 23

Canons of Dordt: 5 Points of “Calvinism”

1. God

unconditionally elects

, from the foundations of time, some unto salvation. 2. Christ’s Atonement was intended to be

efficacious

only for the elect.

3. Man is so depraved that

divine grace

is necessary

and sufficient

to bring man unto faith.

4. This grace can

not

be

resisted

.

5. All who are truly regenerate will certainly

persevere

. 01/10/2010 24

Arminianism vs. “Calvinism”

• Foreknowledge of faith • Christ died for all, only some saved • Free will - Partial depravity • Resistible Grace • Perseverance uncertain • Unconditional election • Efficient only for elect • Grace required to bring man to faith • Effective Grace • Perseverance certain 01/10/2010 25

Pre-Fall Man

Man’s Ability

Post-Fall Man Reborn Man Glorified Man Able to sin Able to not sin Able to sin

Un

able to not sin Able to sin Able to not sin Able to not sin

Un

able to sin 01/10/2010 26

TULIP

•

T

otal Depravity •

U

nconditional Election •

L

imited Atonement •

I

rresistible Grace •

P

erseverance of the Saints 01/10/2010 inability not man’s efficient surely security 27

1-Word Summary

• Catholic Church • Luther • Zwingli • Anabaptists • Calvin • Arminius • “Calvinism” 01/10/2010 Merit Justification Sovereignty Believer’s Baptism Omnipotence Ability TULIP 28