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ERNEST RUTHERFORD AND THE ATOMIC MODEL

By: Samantha Newnham and Allie Didion

EARLY LIFE

    He was born in 1871 in the South Islands of New Zealand.

His parents immigrated from the U.K.

He was the 4 th kid of 12 brothers and sisters.

He graduated from Secondary school with honors is every subject and class.

www.kiwiwise.co.nz/info/new-zealand flag www.genderracepower.com/?cat=3 7

COLLEGE

   He got a scholarship to Canterbury College in Christchurch.

He got his BA in 1892 in math and physical science.

He got his MA the following year.

http://christchurchcityliberaries.com

http://telegraph.co.uk

THE LAB

   For 2 years he studied magnesium and radio waves.

He wrote two papers that were published in the Transaction of New Zealand Institute.

He went to work with J.J. Thomson at Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge.

 http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/magnesium.gif

ALPHA AND BETA PARTICLES

    While working with J.J Thomson, J.J. invited Rutherford to work with him on the introduction to ionizing gases in Röntgen’s rays.

After Rutherford was finished, he took the idea of ionizing and reversed it to use as a tool to help him study radioactivity.

Using the reversed ionizing process, he discovered the heterogeneous “Becquerel rays” and renamed them Alpha and Beta rays.

Gamma rays had already been discovered once Rutherford discovered the alpha and beta particles.

 www.irradiation.co.uk/types.php

www.deq.idaho.gov/.../radiation/penetration.cfm

THE

Gold-Foil

EXPERIMENT

       Ernest Marsden was the one who set up the experiment.

Used Geiger's counting device.

Alpha shooter was placed on top of a lead plate.

The counter was placed in front of the lead plate so that the alpha particles won’t be in direct contact.

With nothing placed above the alpha shooter, the counter did not record any hits.

However, once a thin sheet of gold foil was placed above the alpha shooter, the counter started to record some hits.

Gold-Foil Experiment Activity

 www.nisd.net/.../Atomic%20Theory/AtomicWeb.htm

THE DISCOVERY

 1.

    4.

After about two to three days of shooting alpha particles at gold foil, the counter had recorded some particles that had been reflected back.

Rutherford had to then write a paper explaining the results of the experiment.

That paper was published in May of 1911. It explained the experiment and the results.

During the Gold-Foil Experiment they had made four major discoveries : Most all of the alpha particles went through.

They were only deflected at about a two degree angle.

Very, very rarely the alpha particles were deflected at about a 90 or greater degree.

They had discovered the atomic nucleus!

 lifesciencereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/ www.nuceng.ca/igna/atomic_nucleus.htm

THE ATOMIC MODEL

   Rutherford’s atomic changed the way everyone thought the way the atom looked.

Before, the model was a solid positive charge with little negatives embedded in the positive nucleus.

Now, thanks to Rutherford, the atomic model has changed a lot. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_gold_foil_experiment_results.svg

ncereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models /



THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

   Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus changed the way scientists saw the atom.

Dalton’s model was solid and once Rutherford had done the Gold-Foil Experiment, he discovered that the atom was not solid at all, but mainly open space. The nucleus makes up most of the mass of the atom.

www.lbl.gov/abc/wallchart/chapters/01/1.html

NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY 1908

   In 1908, Ernest Rutherford won the 1908 Chemistry Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Atomic Nucleus and radioactive substances.

He is the winner ever to do his best work after being awarded the Nobel Prize.

Rutherford Lecture  http://www.rutherford.org.nz/awards.html

Why we remember him

    We remember him because of what him contributed to the world of science.

He discovered the atomic nucleus.

He changed the atomic model from being solid to being mostly empty space.

The scientists after him have not changed him model but improved it.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

               Rutherford’s Experiment- Part 1: 1906 to Early 1911. John L. Park. 1999. 20 January, 2009. http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us

The Internet Encyclopedia of Science. 20 January, 2009. http://daviddarling.info

Ernest Rutherford’s Life. 29 January, 2009. http://www.physic.mcgill.ca/museum/ernest_rutherford_life.html

Rutherford’s Awards. John Cambell. 2001. Rutherford Scientist Supreme. 29 January, 2009. http://www.rutherford.org.nz/awards.html

www.mhhe.com/physsic/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/rutherford14.swf

http://wired.com

http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/magnesium.gif

http://christchurchcityliberaries.com

http://telegraph.co.uk

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prize/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-docu.html

www.atomicarchive.com/Bios/RutherfordPhoto.shtml

commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plum_pudding_...

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rutherford_gold_foil_experiment_results.svg

lifesciencereality.wordpress.com/.../10/models/ www.nuceng.ca/igna/atomic_nucleus.htm

www.nisd.net/.../Atomic%20Theory/AtomicWeb.htm

 www.nitrogenorder.org/lessons/nuclear.shtml

      www.irradiation.co.uk/types.php