Transcript Slide 1

Genes & Prenatal Social Environment:
Shorts, Longs, Orchids and Dandelions
Dalton Conley
NYU, NBER &
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine
&
Emily Rauscher, NYU
6.17.10
I. Modeling (Unmeasured)
GE Covariance
Broad-sense heritability
Trait or disease
Height
Body fat %
Autism
Schizophrenia
Alcoholism
Blood pressure
Cleft palate/club foot
IQ
Measles
Heritability
near 1.0
near 1.0
near 1.0
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.16
©2000 Lee Bardwell
Narrow Sense
(Additive) Heritability
H2= 2 * (ICCIdentitcal - ICCFraternal)
ICC= σ2b / (σ2b + σ2w)
- 2 * COV (
Misclassified Twins:
A Solution to GE-Covariance Problem?
Reported
DNA DZ
??
MZ Total
-----------+---------------------------------+---------MZ |
74
10
208 |
292
DZ |
210
2
16 |
228
-----------+---------------------------------+---------Total |
284
12
224 |
520
Height ICC by Zygosity - Reported-Genetic bars show std errors
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
DZ-DZ
MZ-DZ
MZ-MZ
DZ-MZ
BMI ICC by Zygosity
Reported-Genetic
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
DZ-DZ
MZ-DZ
MZ-MZ
DZ-MZ
Cumulative HS GPA ICC by
Zygosity - Reported-Genetic
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
DZ-DZ
MZ-DZ
MZ-MZ
DZ-MZ
Log Depression ICC by Zygosity
Reported-Genetic - bars show std errors
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
DZ-DZ
MZ-DZ
MZ-MZ
DZ-MZ
Log Delinquency ICC by Zygosity
Reported-Genetic bars show std errors
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
DZ-DZ
MZ-DZ
MZ-MZ
DZ-MZ
Log ADHD ICC by Zygosity
Reported-Genetic
0.8
0.6
0.4
DZ-DZ
MZ-DZ
MZ-MZ
0.2
0
-0.2
DZ-MZ
Log Birth Weight ICC by
Zygosity - Reported-Genetic
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
DZ-DZ
MZ-DZ
MZ-MZ
DZ-MZ
II. Gene-Environment Interactions
Require Exogenous Environments
and Within-Family Genetic Designs
Haplotype: A Unique Set of
Polymorphisms
Guo et al. 2008
Effect of DRD2*178/304 depends on if pareants have regular meals with
adolescents
0.7
0.6
No family meal
0.5
Family meal
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Serious Delinquency
Violent Delinquency
Caspi et al. 2002: MAOA
Caspi et al. 2002
Caspi et al. 2003
Bidirectional Relationship Between Infant
Health and Adult SES
Maternal
Birth Weight
Maternal
Income
Filial SES
Filial
LBW, 34-74
percent reduction
in likelihood of
graduating on time
from HS
Developmental
Sequelae
Birth Weight
Pregnancy
Conditions
Effect of One Pound of Birth Weight on Reading Ability, Ages 6 - 12, Sibling FE Models
35
30
Percentage Point Difference
25
20
Blacks
Whites
15
10
5
0
Letter-Word Identifiation
Passage Comprehension
Measure
Broad Reading
Effect of Birth Weight on Infant Mortality, Twin Difference Models, by Age
Probability Increase for a One-Pound Difference About the Mean
0.3
0.25
0.2
DZ Tw ins
0.15
MZ Tw ins
0.1
0.05
0
Neonatal Mortality
Post-Neonatal Mortality
Risk Period
Main Effects of Target Loci
(1)
VARIABLES
5HTT ss
Twins
-0.128
(1.181)
(2)
(3)
Depression
DZ
MZ
-0.169
0
(1.225)
(0)
(4)
(5)
MZ-RE
0.358
(0.991)
Twins
MAOA 2/3R
0.277
(0.405)
(6)
(7)
Delinquency
DZ
MZ
0.270
(0.456)
0
(0)
(8)
(9)
MZ-RE
Twins
Male
Constant
Observations
R-squared
No. of pairs
1.862
(2.742)
-0.930
(0.805)
-2.256
(12.38)
486
0.618
0.853
3.775
(3.508) (4.454)
-0.910
0
(0.834)
(0)
2.244 -11.27
(15.87) (20.04)
280
206
0.592
0.654
-0.314
(2.317)
-0.322
(0.821)
7.206
(10.35)
206
103
-0.522
(0.944)
0.809**
(0.285)
2.482
(4.264)
456
0.634
-0.905
(1.302)
0.818*
(0.321)
4.225
(5.890)
270
0.610
0.244
(1.291)
0
(0)
-0.458
(5.806)
186
0.692
(12)
MZ-RE
0.115
(0.259)
DRD2 no A1
Log oz
(10)
(11)
HS GPA
DZ
MZ
0.597
(0.692)
0.429
(0.261)
-2.310
(3.105)
186
93
-0.0465
(0.128)
-0.0222
(0.304)
-0.452**
(0.0911)
3.069*
(1.369)
392
0.847
-0.0488
(0.152)
0.128
(0.449)
-0.457**
(0.109)
2.312
(2.026)
232
0.815
0
(0)
-0.295
(0.331)
0
(0)
4.161**
(1.493)
160
0.912
0.174
(0.145)
-0.188
(0.275)
-0.344*
(0.146)
3.769**
(1.242)
160
80
Interaction Effects: Delinquency
(1)
Twins
Log oz_MAOA 2/3R
MAOA any 2/3R
Log oz
Male
Constant
Observations
R-squared
1.008
(1.578)
-4.279
(7.141)
-1.038
(1.242)
0.831**
(0.287)
4.809
(5.611)
456
0.635
(2)
DZ
Delinquency
2.055
(2.024)
-9.017
(9.160)
-1.968
(1.670)
0.863**
(0.324)
9.035
(7.558)
270
0.613
(3)
MZ
-2.402
(2.584)
0
(0)
1.443
(1.826)
0
(0)
-0.624
(5.813)
186
0.695
Interaction Effects: GPA
1
Twins
2
HS GPA
DZ
MZ
1.108*
(0.514)
-5.069*
(2.332)
-0.637
(0.415)
-0.454**
(0.0903)
5.854**
(1.873)
1.405+
(0.713)
-6.413*
(3.232)
-0.723
(0.619)
-0.457**
(0.107)
6.160*
(2.795)
0.172
(0.667)
0
(0)
-0.375
(0.454)
0
(0)
4.142**
(1.503)
392
0.851
232
0.821
160
0.912
VARIABLES
Log oz_DRD2 no A1
DRD2 no A1
Log oz
Male
Constant
Observations
R-squared
3
Interaction Effects: Depression
(1)
Twins
(2)
DZ
Depression
(3)
MZ
-12.32**
(4.267)
55.38**
(19.31)
6.896*
(3.207)
-0.953
(0.792)
-24.94+
(14.47)
-8.397+
(5.026)
37.62
(22.74)
4.132
(3.981)
-0.922
(0.827)
-12.49
(17.98)
-27.33**
(8.585)
0
(0)
15.95**
(5.729)
0
(0)
-28.03
(19.91)
486
0.631
280
0.601
206
0.685
VARIABLES
Log oz_5HTT-ll
5HTT-ll
Log oz
Male
Constant
Observations
R-squared
Depression Due to an Additional Pound at Birth by 5HTT
ss vs. others
7
6
5
Depression
4
3
2
ll or ls
1
ss
0
-1
-2
-3
Depression Due to an Additional Pound at Birth by 5HTT
ll vs. others
6
Depression
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
ls or ss
ll
VARIABLES
Twin pair
DRD2 both no A1
DRD2 one no A1
5HTT both ll
5HTT one ll
MAOA both 4R
MAOA one 4R
Male
(1)
Log oz diff
MZ
(2)
Log oz diff
DZ
(3)
Log oz
MZ – RE
(4)
Log oz
DZ
-0.019
(0.021)
0
(0)
0.026
(0.022)
0
(0)
-0.005
(0.020)
0
(0)
0.013
(0.020)
-0.004
(0.023)
-0.057*
(0.027)
-0.015
(0.024)
-0.016
(0.025)
0.002
(0.022)
0.007
(0.025)
-0.018
(0.019)
0.050
(0.031)
0.019
(0.022)
-0.018
(0.033)
0.010
(0.032)
-0.051
(0.036)
4.500**
(0.031)
190
0.013
(0.028)
0.032
(0.030)
-0.021
(0.029)
4.496**
(0.026)
272
0.798
136
Individual
DRD2 - no A1
MAOA - 4R
5HTT - ll
Constant
Observations
R-squared
Number of pairs
0.093**
(0.019)
95
0.025
95
0.145**
(0.026)
136
0.047
136
95
oz
ulative GPA
est Grade Comp
ession
depression
depression
quency
delinquency
delinquency
2 – no A1
OA – both 4R
T – ll
MZ w/ twin BW
N
Std
Mean
Error
208
0.01
4.5*
181
0.05
2.82*
208
0.13
13.41
208
0.35
5.71
208
0.05
1.63
208
0.02
0.93
202
0.15
0.78*
202
0.04
0.32*
208
0.03
0.30*
203
0.04
0.53
200
0.04
0.49
206
0.03
0.31
MZ w/o twin BW
N
Std
Mean
Error
15
0.05
4.37*
89
0.08
2.62*
100
0.18
13.08
98
0.46
5.77
98
0.07
1.68
100
0.02
0.95
100
0.09
0.29*
100
0.04
0.14*
100
0.04
0.15*
100
0.05
0.58
97
0.05
0.39
98
0.05
0.33
DZ w/ twin BW
N
Std
Mean
Error
285
4.52* 0.01
252
2.61+ 0.06
285
13.31+ 0.12
284
0.30
5.54
284
0.05
1.58
285
0.02
0.89
283
0.11
0.69
283
0.03
0.29
285
0.03
0.25
285
0.03
0.61
280
0.3
0.49
284
0.03
0.33
DZ w/o twin BW
N
Std
Mean
Error
28
4.42* 0.04
104
2.43+ 0.08
129
12.96+ .16
127
0.49
5.80
127
0.07
1.61
129
0.02
0.93
129
0.16
0.77
129
0.05
0.32
129
0.04
0.27
127
0.04
0.54
127
0.04
0.42
128
0.04
0.32
Orchids v. Dandelions:
Phenotypic Capacitance?
1
R (“good”)
-2.550**
(0.605)
2
3
Delinquency difference
All MZ Twins
4
5
6
Delinquency
difference
Males MZ only
0.800
(1.331)
R – 1 DZ twin
OA both 3/4R
-38.04**
(13.59)
OA both 3/4R –
(“orchid”)
6.923**
(0.864)
-1.031
(1.558)
2.930**
(0.606)
36.55**
(13.50)
-0.372
(1.316)
-0.982
(1.303)
0.588**
(0.208)
-3.679*
(1.781)
115.4**
(17.75)
-1.410
(1.081)
0.626**
(0.172)
94
0.181
94
0.247
94
0.427
94
0.612
OA no 3/4R
o of twin bw)
6.926**
(0.993)
46
0.532
-0.639
(2.188)
0.633*
(0.303)
7
8
9
Delinquency Difference
Same Sex DZ Twins
Males
only
0.251
0.118
0.816
(0.500) (0.533)
(1.139)
-0.623
-0.668
(0.802)
(1.302)
-2.558
-1.947
-9.364
(3.436) (3.602)
(8.906)
3.557
1.952
-3.693*
(1.757)
115.5**
(17.51)
-1.553
1.093
(1.558) (2.373)
0.725** 0.0796
(0.215) (0.401)
46
0.770
79
0.155
(7.078)
(11.03)
0.485
(2.585)
0.209
(0.437)
1.562
(4.877)
1.368*
(0.652)
79
0.162
41
0.047
Effect of 1 Pound Birth Weight Difference on
Delinquency Difference by MAOA - MZ Twins
(calculated from mean MZ bw)
25
20
15
MAOA "orchid"
10
MAOA 3/4R
5
0
Effect of 1 Pound Birth Weight Difference on
Depression Difference by MAOA
MZ Twins (calculated from mean MZ bw)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
MAOA "orchid"
MAOA 3/4R
III. Need More Candidate Genes
Five Conditions
Pupae Collected, Raised
Alone in Dark
Transferred 5 Days
Post-Eclosure
Eight Biological
Replicates for Each
of Three
Experimental
Replicates
½ Hour Exposure Time +
1 Hour Refractory Period
6
Differentially Expressed Genes:
Naïve v. Social (RMA normalized)
5
a6
Klp67A
CG9021
1
2
3
4
CG9483
dpr16
CG11201
CG8878 CG7638
lat
CG31609
Cdc6
CG4892
TppII
CG6180
l(3)neo26
CG13021 CG30392
CG17806
Mvl RpS27
CG4793
ssp5 CG4848
CG11092
0
volc2[, 2]
Lrr47
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
volc2[, 1]
0.5
1.0
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
lat
1
2
3
4
5
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Mvl
1
2
3
4
5
Target Genes of Interest
Gene
Valence
Ontology
Notes
latheo
Up
DNA replication /
initiation; olfactory
memory; learning
Antibody / Mutants
available
a6
Up
Odorant binding
Mutant & RNAi
lines available
CG17806
Up
zinc ion binding; nucleic Mutant & RNAi
lines available
acid binding
Leucine-rich Up
repeat 47
Protein Binding; Ras
signal transduction
RNAi line
malvolio
Down
ion transduction; sweet
taste
Mutant & RNAi
available
CG8878
Down
serine./ threonine
protein kinase
Mutant & RNAi
available
latheo
IV. Human Epigenetics?
Sodium Bisulfate Mapping
Tissue-Specific Control
Genome-Wide Control
Was Lamarck Right?
Trans-Generational Phenotypic Plasticity
Human Epigenetics?
• Where? / When?
– Brains of Corpses
– Germ line / AcPs
– Aborted Fetuses
– Blood: Immune Function
– In vitro
– Animals again
Better Socio-Genomics
• Forward Genetics:
– Knock out studies in model organisms
• Focus on more definable phenotypes
– Earlier in development
• Experimental Variation in Environment
• Inference to Humans through BLAST
– Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
• Exogenous Variation in Humans
– Birth Order, Twins, Roommates, Sex Mix, etc.
• Gene Expression Data
– Dead Man Walking
Thanks!
Emily Rauscher
Mark Siegal
Christina Lyman
Sandra Schackenberg
Sujash Chatterjee
Justin Blau
Rich Bonneau
Mike Purugganan
Greg Suh
Add Health Zygosity Classification
dna based
pair type-original
zygosity
DZ
MZ
UD
Total
-----------+---------------------------------+---------1|
18
260
30 |
308
2|
220
12
6|
238
-----------+---------------------------------+---------Total |
238
272
36 |
546
Estimated Heritability of Complex Phenotypes
0.6
0.5
H-Squared
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Memory
Processing Speed
Scholastic
Achievement
Spatial Reasoning
Vocational Interests
Psychom etric Indicator
Neuroticism
Verbal Reasoning
Extraversion
General Intelligence
III. Genes Violate the Exclusion
Restriction
Homo Sapiens:
87 % Single Network Component
Source: Stelzl et al. 2005.
DRD4 Expression
Gene : DRD4 - Cluster Unigene : Hs.99922 Unigene
libraryTissueOrganStageNumber of EST% of library
• 1 nci cgap brn41 oligodendroglioma brain 1 0.13
• 2 ui-e-ej1 fetal eyes, lens, eye anterior segment, optic
nerve, retina, retina foveal and macular, rpe and choroid eye
fetal and adult 4 0.04
• 3 ui-e-ej0 fetal eyes, lens, eye anterior segment, optic
nerve, retina, retina foveal and macular, rpe and choroid eye
fetal and adult 5 0.03
• 4 nci cgap kid11 kidney 2 0.01
• 5 ui-e-ci1 rpe and choroid eye adult 1 0.01
• 6 soares adult brain n2b5hb55y brain 55-year old 1 0.01
• 7 soares ovary tumor nbhot ovarian tumor ovary 1 0.01
DRD4 Homo Sapiens Homologs
(172)
•
gi|4503389 dopamine receptor D4; D(2C) dopamine receptor [H... 832 0.0 gi|4503387 dopamine receptor D3 isoform a [Homo sapiens] 256 3e-68 gi|17986270
dopamine receptor D2 isoform short [Homo sapiens] 243 1e-64 gi|4503385 dopamine receptor D2 isoform long [Homo sapiens] 234 6e-62 gi|15718670 alpha-2Aadrenergic receptor; alpha-2AAR subtyp... 207 1e-53 gi|4501967 alpha-2C-adrenergic receptor; alpha2-AR-C4 [Homo... 207 1e-53 gi|4501965 alpha-2B-adrenergic
receptor; alpha-2-adrenergic... 206 3e-53 gi|4504531 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A [Hom... 188 5e-48 gi|16445398 dopamine receptor D3 isoform c
[Homo sapiens] 173 2e-43 gi|16445402 dopamine receptor D3 isoform e [Homo sapiens] 173 2e-43 gi|4557265 beta-1-adrenergic receptor [Homo sapiens] 169 3e-42
gi|4557267 adrenergic, beta-3-, receptor [Homo sapiens] 166 2e-41 gi|4504539 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2B [Hom... 156 3e-38 gi|6005782 histamine
receptor H3; G protein-coupled recepto... 151 7e-37 gi|16445396 dopamine receptor D3 isoform b [Homo sapiens] 150 1e-36 gi|16445400 dopamine receptor D3
isoform d [Homo sapiens] 147 1e-35 gi|4502821 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4; muscarinic a... 145 7e-35 gi|4504533 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor
1B; 5-H... 145 7e-35 gi|4502815 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1; muscarinic a... 142 4e-34 gi|4501957 alpha-1D-adrenergic receptor; adrenergic, alpha-... 135 4e32 gi|10880131 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 isoform b; serot... 129 3e-30 gi|10880129 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 isoform d; serot... 129 3e-30 gi|4504547 5hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 isoform a; seroto... 129 3e-30 gi|10835175 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A [Ho... 129 5e-30 gi|4502817 cholinergic
receptor, muscarinic 2; muscarinic a... 127 1e-29 gi|4501959 alpha-1B-adrenergic receptor; adrenergic, alpha ... 126 3e-29 gi|15451761 alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor
isoform 4; adrener... 123 2e-28 gi|15451759 alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor isoform 2; adrener... 123 2e-28 gi|15451757 alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor isoform 3;
adrener... 123 2e-28 gi|4501961 alpha-1A-adrenergic receptor isoform 1; adrenerg... 123 2e-28 gi|4504541 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C [Hom... 120
1e-27 gi|29727439 similar to 5-HT5B serotonin receptor [Homo sapi... 118 7e-27 gi|4503383 dopamine receptor D1 [Homo sapiens] 114 1e-25 gi|30150689 similar to
D(1B) dopamine receptor (D(5) dopami... 114 1e-25 gi|4504545 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 6 [Homo... 111 1e-24 gi|4503391 dopamine receptor D5;
dopamine receptor D1B; D1b... 110 1e-24 gi|13236497 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A [Ho... 110 2e-24 gi|4504537 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
receptor 1E [Hom... 100 2e-21 gi|30148127 similar to D(1B) dopamine receptor (D(5) dopami... 99 7e-21 gi|4504535 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1D
[Hom... 99 7e-21 gi|30148324 similar to D(1B) dopamine receptor (D(5) dopami... 97 2e-20 gi|13435405 histamine receptor H2; gastric receptor 1 [Homo... 96 5e-20
gi|10835197 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1F; 5-... 96 6e-20 gi|4502819 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3; muscarinic a... 95 8e-20 gi|11321563 5hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 4 [Hom... 94 2e-19 gi|17484441 similar to Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (Alpha ... 92 5e-19 gi|7108336 cholinergic receptor,
muscarinic 5; muscarinic a... 91 1e-18 gi|4501969 adrenergic, beta-2-, receptor, surface; beta-2 a... 89 4e-18 gi|4505925 putative neurotransmitter receptor [Homo
sapiens] 88 1e-17 gi|21361153 cholecystokinin B receptor [Homo sapiens] 86 6e-17 gi|19923823 neuromedin U receptor 2 [Homo sapiens] 86 6e-17 gi|28173558
trace amine receptor 4 [Homo sapiens] 85 8e-17 gi|4504491 histamine receptor H1; histamine receptor, subcl... 85 8e-17 gi|24432089 G protein-coupled receptor 66
[Homo sapiens] 85 8e-17 gi|28875799 cholecystokinin B receptor [Homo sapiens] 85 1e-16 gi|4557637 orexin receptor 1 [Homo sapiens] 83 3e-16 gi|4501951
adenosine A2b receptor [Homo sapiens] 82 7e-16 gi|28173562 trace amine receptor 3 [Homo sapiens] 82 7e-16 gi|21264324 trace amine receptor 1 [Homo sapiens]
82 7e-16 gi|5921992 adenosine A2a receptor; adenosine A2 receptor; a... 82 9e-16 gi|4557865 somatostatin receptor 5 [Homo sapiens] 81 1e-15 gi|9506747 G
protein-coupled receptor 27; super conserved r... 79 5e-15 gi|4501947 adenosine A1 receptor [Homo sapiens] 78 1e-14 gi|5453666 G protein-coupled receptor 19
[Homo sapiens] 77 2e-14 gi|4557863 somatostatin receptor 4 [Homo sapiens] 75 7e-14 gi|16751917 G protein-coupled receptor 102; trace amine rec... 75 8e-14
gi|16876435 G protein-coupled receptor 101 [Homo sapiens] 73 4e-13 gi|4503903 galanin receptor 1; Galanin receptor [Homo sapiens] 72 6e-13 gi|4557857
somatostatin receptor 1 [Homo sapiens] 72 6e-13 gi|4503907 galanin receptor 3; galanin receptor, family mem... 72 7e-13 gi|4557861 somatostatin receptor 3 [Homo
sapiens] 72 7e-13 gi|11545887 neuropeptide FF 1; RFamide-related peptide rece... 72 7e-13 gi|4501953 adenosine A3 receptor [Homo sapiens] 72 9e-13 gi|4758468
G protein-coupled receptor 50 [Homo sapiens] 71 1e-12 gi|14211847 G protein-coupled receptor 54; G protein-couple... 71 1e-12 gi|4758474 G protein-coupled
receptor 10; prolactin-releasi... 71 1e-12 gi|4557639 orexin receptor 2 [Homo sapiens] 71 1e-12 gi|4505513 opiate receptor-like 1; opioid receptor-like 1; ... 70 2e-12
gi|7657142 G protein-coupled receptor 58 [Homo sapiens] 70 2e-12 gi|4503905 galanin receptor 2 [Homo sapiens] 70 3e-12 gi|4503639 coagulation factor II
(thrombin) receptor-like 3... 69 6e-12 gi|15150803 opsin 4 (melanopsin); melanopsin [Homo sapiens] 69 6e-12 gi|14251205 histamine H4 receptor [Homo sapiens] 68
1e-11 gi|29729009 similar to seven transmembrane helix receptor [... 68 1e-11 gi|27734717 opioid receptor, delta 1 [Homo sapiens] 68 1e-11 gi|5174593 melatonin
receptor 1A; melatonin receptor type 1... 68 1e-11 gi|30151598 similar to seven transmembrane helix receptor [... 68 1e-11 gi|17437027 similar to seven
transmembrane helix receptor [... 68 1e-11 gi|4758434 growth hormone secretagogue receptor [Homo sapiens] 67 2e-11 gi|4505515 opioid receptor, mu 1 [Homo
sapiens] 66 5e-11 gi|9507143 super conserved receptor expressed in brain 3 [H... 65 9e-11 gi|7705316 CC chemokine receptor 10 [Homo sapiens] 64 2e-10
gi|4557859 somatostatin receptor 2 [Homo sapiens] 64 2e-10 gi|14210484 G protein-coupled receptor slt; melanin-concent... 64 2e-10 gi|16604258 G protein-coupled
receptor 74; neuropeptide G p... 64 2e-10 gi|4758820 G protein-coupled receptor 74; neuropeptide G pr... 64 2e-10 gi|4505447 neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 [Homo
sapiens] 64 2e-10 gi|24476016 G-protein coupled receptor [Homo sapiens] 64 3e-10 gi|6677701 G-protein coupled receptor [Homo sapiens] 64 3e-10 gi|5174595
melatonin receptor 1B; melatonin receptor type 1... 63 3e-10
Rewired Networks: E. Coli
Isalan et al. 2008
Six-Question Scale v.
Add Health Classification
|
DZ
MZ UD | Total
-----------+---------------------------------+---------0|
232
4
0|
236
33.3 |
36
2
0|
38
50 |
38
4
0|
42
60 |
28
4
0|
32
66.7 |
4
16
6|
26
71.4 |
0
16
4|
20
75 |
2
68
22 |
92
80 |
4
12
6|
22
83.3 |
2
14
4|
20
85.7 |
2
10
4|
16
87.5 |
0
84
14 |
98
100 |
0
186
0|
186
-----------+---------------------------------+---------Total |
348
420 60 |
828
Six-Question Scale of Similarity v.
Self-Reported Zygosity
Scale |
DZ
.5
MZ Total
-----------+---------------------------------+---------0 |
222
4
8
234
33.3 |
34
0
4
38
50 |
30
2
10
42
60 |
22
0
10
32
66.7 |
12
2
12
26
71.42 |
4
0
16
20
75 |
32
2
58
92
80 |
10
2
10
22
83.3 |
8
0
12
20
85.7 |
6
0
10
16
87.5 |
18
2
78
98
100 |
40
6
140
186
-----------+---------------------------------+---------Total |
438
20
368
826