Transcript Document
Mid-Term Exam
Thursday, Nov.2nd (in class)
20% of final grade
three sections
concise, brief written answers
equal weight
– Part 1 Lectures – Bureaucracy and Democracy
lectures from Sept.14-Sept.26
one answer from choice of two questions
– Part 2 Lectures – The Political-Bureaucratic Interface within a Department
lectures from Sept.28-Oct.12
one answer from choice of three questions
– Part 3 Lectures – Political-Bureaucratic Interface Across Government
lectures from Oct.17-Oct.31
one answer from choice of two questions
80 minutes
– please do NOT arrive late (exam ends at 3:50 pm regardless of time of your
arrival!)
– have a strategy!!
Cuban Missile Crisis
recommendations
– air strike
Team #3
– blockade with air strike after 12 hours
– significan dissention on team
– blockade
Team #2
– plus negotiations+possible air strike
Team #5
– +prepare for air strike
– diplomacy
Team #4
– no conclusion?
Team #1
what did you learn????
Bureaucratic-Political Interface
Across Government:
Channels of Bureauratic Influence and
Political Control
October 24th, 2006
Model of Bureaucratic-Political
Interface Across Government
political bureaucratic interface made up of
channels
– e.g. interaction takes place along regularized and
established routes
channels can be mapped
– different types of channels
channels of political control
channels of bureaucratic influence
– distinct
e.g. channels of political control/bureaucratic influence
not necessarily the same
Channels of Central Political
Control
outward at political level from PM to
Ministers and then downward to
bureaucratic level (Deputy Ministers)
Channels of Central Political Control
Ministers
Deputy Ministers
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TB
Channels of Central Political
Control
outward at political level from PM to
Ministers and then downward to
bureaucratic level (Deputy Ministers)
downward from political level (PM/PMO)
to bureaucratic level (PCO) and then
outward at bureaucratic level (Deputy
Ministers)
Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Clerk of the Privy
Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers
Channels of Central Political
Control
outward at political level from PM to Ministers
and then downward to bureaucratic level (Deputy
Ministers)
downward from political level (PM/PMO) to
bureaucratic level (PCO) and then outward at
bureaucratic level (Deputy Ministers)
downward and outward from political level (PM)
to bureaucratic level (DMs)
Channels of Central Political Control
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Deputy Ministers
Channels of Central Political
Control
outward at political level from PM to Ministers
and then downward to bureaucratic level (Deputy
Ministers)
downward from political level (PM/PMO) to
bureaucratic level (PCO) and then outward at
bureaucratic level (Deputy Ministers)
downward and outward from political level (PM)
to bureaucratic level (DMs)
Channels of Central Political Control
Ministers
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Clerk of the Privy
Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers
Channels of Central Political
Control
unique role of the DM
– receives political direction from...
Minister
PCO and Clerk
PM
– indirectly through appointment
Channels of Bureaucratic
Influence
DM influence over Ministers
– from Minister to Cabinet
Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Ministers
Deputy Ministers
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Ministers
Deputy Ministers
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Channels of Bureaucratic
Influence
DM influence over Ministers
– from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min.
Finance/Treasury Board
Channels of Bureaucratic
Influence
DM influence over Ministers
– from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min.
Finance/Treasury Board
– from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to
Cabinet/Ministers
Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Ministers
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Clerk of the Privy
Council, PCO, TBS
Channels of Bureaucratic
Influence
DM influence over Ministers
– from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min.
Finance/Treasury Board
– from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers
PCO influence over DM’s
Channels of Bureaucratic
Influence
DM influence over Ministers
– from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min.
Finance/Treasury Board
– from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Ministers
PCO influence over DM’s
-DM influence over ministers
Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Ministers
Clerk of the Privy
Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers
Channels of Bureaucratic
Influence
DM influence over Ministers
– from Minister to Cabinet
PCO influence over PM/Min.
Finance/Treasury Board
– from PM/Min. Fin./Treasury Board to Cabinet
PCO influence over DM’s
-DM influence over ministers
Channels of Central Political Control
Ministers
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Clerk of the Privy
Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers
Channels of Bureaucratic Influence
Ministers
Prime Minister, PMO,
Min.Finance, TBP
Clerk of the Privy
Council, PCO, TBS
Deputy Ministers
The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level
Implications of the Organizational Structure
1.
political-bureaucratic interface (and
potential for conflict) exists at numerous
sites
PM/PMO and PCO
central agency ministers and central agencies
PM and DMs
line departments ministers and DMs
The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level
Implications of the Organizational Structure
2. political-bureaucratic interfaces exist at
numerous sites
creates potential for complex strategies of political
control or bureaucratic influence
blockage of one line (political control or bureaucratic
influence) does not mean that control/influence not
exercised
The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level
Implications of the Organizational Structure
3. multiple lines of conflict/control
more simplistic model highlighted democratic
questions; reality is more complex
–
two sets of tendencies to balance (also two
potential axes of conflict)
political officials vs. public servants
The Centre vs. the Periphery
The Political-Bureaucratic System
Political Level
Bureaucratic Level
Dilemmas of Organizational Structure –
Centripetal and Centrifugal Tendencies
political control vs. impartiality
democratic paradox
– depends on...
• the model of democracy!!!!
central political accountability vs. diffused
political accountability
parliamentary paradox
– accountability/responsibility/answerability
• collective ministerial responsibility
• individual ministerial responsibility
top-down responsiveness vs. bottom- up
responsiveness
bureaucratic paradox
– effectiveness/efficiency
• coherence and rationality – e.g. central top-down control
• responsiveness and innovation – e.g. decentralized control
The Centrifugal Tendencies
responsiveness (bottom-up) to
clientele/public/changing circumstances
– effectiveness, efficiency
diffused political accountability
– ability to answer effectively for actions taken within
individual departments
impartiality (vs. political control)
– ability to insulate activities from political interference
The Centripetal Tendencies
top-down responsiveness
centralized political accountability
coherence
collective cabinet responsibility
political control (vs. impartiality)