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Chapter 6
Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair
Projects
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Engine oil used in small engines should
be changed every 25 hours of operation
or once per season.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Used oil and soiled
rags should be
disposed of in
accordance to local
environmental statutes.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Several different steps
are required to
properly remove
debris from a small
engine.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Accumulated grease
can be removed from
OPE by using a
degreasing agent and a
pressurized water hose.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
A spark plug
gauge is used
to adjust and
measure the
gap between
two electrodes
at the tip of a
spark plug.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
A spark tester is
used to test the
ignition system of a
small engine.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
A visible spark is
present in the
window of the tester
when the ignition
system is
functioning properly.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
A spark plug is tested
for spark miss after the
ignition system proves
to function properly.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Dual-element air
cleaners are
available in a variety
of designs.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
An attachment
screw must be
loosened to remove
the air cleaner
assembly cover on
most small engines.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Foam air-cleaner
elements must be
saturated with
engine oil prior to
installation.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Dual-element air
cleaners contain foam
precleaner and a
pleated paper element.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Many precleaners
have installation
instructions
printed directly on
the surface.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Air-cleaner cartridge
housings should be
cleaned with a
clean, dry cloth
instead of solvents
or compressed air.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
A muffler that is attached
to an engine with bolts
can be removed by
loosening the bolts with a
socket wrench.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
A muffler that is screwed
directly into an exhaust port
should have penetrating oil
applied to the screw
threads prior to removal.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
A threaded muffler
can be removed by
grasping with slipjoint pliers and
rotating
counterclockwise.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Hard soot
accumulation in a
muffler can be
removed by tapping
the muffler body with
a rubber mallet or on
a hard surface.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Some lawn and
garden tractors are
equipped with mower
decks that can be
easily removed or
installed using a
quick-disconnect
mechanism.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Shear pins are designed to reduce component
damage by fracturing when the driven member of a
rigid system requires more power than a disc or
coupling is able to provide.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Two-stage
snow throwers
typically have
skid shoes to
help provide
smooth
movement of
the snow
thrower along
uneven
surfaces.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Testing engine compression
verifies the maximum power
output of each piston stroke.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Testing a crankcase
breather ensures
that crankcase gases
are properly vented.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
When preparing a lawn mower engine for long-term
storage, the moving components should be lubricated
lightly with spray lubricant. Each lubricated
component should then be actuated to spread the
lubricant evenly into the moving parts.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
Prior to long-term
storage, the belt
drive systems of
mower deck blades
should be examined
for worn, scorched,
or misaligned belts.
Chapter 6 — Basic Small Engine
Maintenance and Repair Projects
There is often an
idler pulley
connected with
linkage to the
clutch pedal of
ride-on lawn
mowers.