Transcript Excellence and Participation in the UK

Excellence and Participation in
the UK
Contemporary Issues Section
AS Socio-Cultural Studies for PE
Lets Check the Spec…
Candidates should be able to:
• explain sports development (the sports development
pyramid)
• explain opportunity, provision and esteem (with reference
to both participation in physical activity and the
achievement of sporting excellence)
• evaluate critically social and cultural factors that affect
participation in physical activity and the achievement of
sporting excellence by young people, the elderly, people
with disabilities, women and ethnic minority groups
• describe possible measures to increase participation in
physical activity and achievement of sporting excellence.
The Continuum for Mass Participation
to Sporting Excellence
• Discussion: As you move side to side on the continuum, what
things will increase/decrease in terms of physical activity?
• Increase/decrease in level of:
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Skill
Commitment
Organisation
Knowledge
Competitiveness
Mass Participation
• Taking part is more important than winning
• Physical activity pursued for health/fitness/enjoyment
• Associated with lifelong physical activity (therefore
lifelong participation)
• Home country sport councils have campaigned for
‘Sport for All’ for nearly 30 years
• Benefits include:
– Enlarges the ‘pool’ in which talent can be picked from
– Supports the idea that everyone should get involved in an
activity of their choosing, irrespective of age, gender, race,
religion etc.
Sporting Excellence
• Excellence is:
‘a state of exceptional merit or quality’
• Involves elite, professional, highly skilled and committed
sports people at National and International level
• Includes back up teams of physiotherapists, sports
scientists and top coaches
• Very few make it to the top, however more make it in some
countries than others… discuss why…
• More opportunity, provision and esteem… this will be
explained further later in this session
Sports Development Pyramid
Opportunity, Provision and Esteem
• The above words affect both mass participation and excellence
• Opportunity: having the chance to take part, and/or get to the top
• Provision: Having the conditions or physical tools (facilities) to take
part and/or get to the top
• Esteem: Issues to do with respect, admiration, value and
appreciation. The perception that society has on an
individual/group affects the likelihood of involvement in physical
activity and moving to the top
• A key word to relate to all 3 terms is ‘Access’ – do people have a
‘way in’ or ‘right of entry’ in terms of O, P or E
Factors Relating to OPE that can Influence Mass
Participation and Sporting Excellence
• Turn to page 281 or look at the sheet provided
Factors Relating to OPE that can Influence Mass
Participation and Sporting Excellence
• Opportunity
Factors Relating to OPE that can Influence Mass Participation
and Sporting Excellence
• Provision
Factors Relating to OPE that can Influence Mass
Participation and Sporting Excellence
• Esteem
Social and Cultural Factors
• Society: The community in which we live
• Culture: The traditions, customs and way of life within
the community
• We need to evaluate the following social and cultural
factors that affect participation and the achievement of
Excellence by;
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Young People
The Elderly
Disabled People
Women
Ethnic Minorities
Social and Cultural Factors
• Young People, The Elderly, Disabled People, Women
and Ethnic Minorities are most likely to be
discriminated against
• This affects their O P and E and therefore their
participation levels
• Organisations such as Sport England see these groups
as a priority to increase participation levels
Factors Affecting Participation
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(Turn to page 283 or see the sheet provided)
Where you live
The Government
Your family
Your race/religion
Your Gender
Stereotyping
Your Ability/Disability
Your age
Your socio-economic Status
Your friends
Your school
Young People
• Young people need to participate in physical activity to get the
physical, mental and social benefits
• Habits and attitudes that are formed during childhood have a
great impact on behaviour later in life
• It is essential young people develop positive habits
The Elderly
• In 1983 the Sport Council launched ‘Sport for all: 50+ All to
Play For’ which encouraged participation for the over 50’s
• Along with physical and mental benefits, the campaign
emphasised psychological benefits – giving a focus for older
people who may feel lost after redundancy or retirement
People with Disabilities
• 6 million people in the UK have some form of disability
• Still discriminated against
• ¾ of disabled people rely on state benefits as a main source of
income, therefore they are financially disadvantaged
• Stereotyping and a lack of opportunity and provision have
been barriers in the past, however this is improving
• The Paralympics focuses on sporting achievement, rather than
disability
Women
• The issue here is that gender stereotypes need to be
broken
• Girls and women need the freedom to choose – equal
opportunities and provision
• Myths such as ‘Cycling ruins the chances of women giving
birth’ (19th Century) were overcome, however gender roles
take a while to develop, but longer to change
• Gender roles still suggest dominant characteristics such as
creativity and sensitivity (such as dance) is for females, and
aggression, determination and confidence (Rugby) for men
Ethnic Minorities in the UK
Possible Measures to Increase Participation
• Increasing participation and excellence are ultimately the
responsibility of the government, UK sport, the 4 home
Country councils and NGB’s.
• O’Dwyer’s Tip: Identify a problem (e.g. Lack of coaches for
Athletics) and identify a solution (e.g. Train more coaches) = A
measure to increase participation!!
• Another tip: Read over pages 279 to 293 a few times to gain a
more in depth understanding on this topic.
Lets Recap…
Candidates should be able to:
• explain sports development (the sports development
pyramid)
• explain opportunity, provision and esteem (with reference
to both participation in physical activity and the
achievement of sporting excellence)
• evaluate critically social and cultural factors that affect
participation in physical activity and the achievement of
sporting excellence by young people, the elderly, people
with disabilities, women and ethnic minority groups
• describe possible measures to increase participation in
physical activity and achievement of sporting excellence.