Transcript Insect Management - Pesticide Safety Education Program

Pest Management
Pesticide Safety Education Program
MSU Extension
Types of Pests
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Weeds
Invertebrates (insects, mites, ticks, spiders, snails, and slugs)
Pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes)
Vertebrates (birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and rodents)
Pest Classifications
• Key Pest
– Causes major damage on a regular basis.
• Occasional Pest
– Causes damage on a irregular basis. Usually as a result of weather,
environment, or human activity.
• Secondary Pest
– Occurs as a result of action taken to control primary pest.
Pest Management Methods
• Many pest management methods
including:
– Regulatory
– Cultural
– Biological
– Genetic
– Chemical
Regulatory
• Using legal means to control pests.
Generally for exotic pests that are not
native.
– Quarantines
– Eradication
– Example in Montana: Japanese Beetle
Cultural
• Altering the insects environment to disrupt
the lifecycle of the pest.
– Mowing, rotational strategies, tillage, fire, or
cover crops
Biological
• Manipulation of one organism to control
another organism.
• Using pathogens, vertebrates, plants, or
insects to control other pests.
– Example in Montana: Flea beetles to control leafy
spurge.
Genetic
• Usually a preventative technique.
• Plants or animals can be bred or selected
to be resistant to certain pest problems.
– Example in Montana: Resistant wheat varieties for
wheat stem sawfly.
Chemical
• Are any naturally derived
or synthetic material that
is applied to:
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kill
attract
repel
regulate
interrupt the growth and
mating of pests
– regulate growth.
Synthetic Chemical Management
began around WWII with the use
of:
DDT
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• Some Problems persisted with DDT.
What were they?
Biomagnification
One other problem from over
using Chemical Sprays:
RESISTANCE!
• Zero Damage Concept (Where no damage was
acceptable)
– Failed
– Resulted in Spray, spray, and spray with loss in
control
• Problems
– Wasted money when not economic
• Resulted in Resistance!!
Resistance
• Occurs when there is an ability of a pest to
tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it.
• Can be managed through integrated pest
management.
Other Problems with Dependence
on Chemical Management
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Increasing levels of chemical output
Chemicals persist in environment
Non-target impact
Public concern
Integrated Pest Management
– Regulatory (Quarantines)
– Cultural (Planting dates, harvest dates
etc..)
– Biological (Lady beetles, lacewings)
– Resistance (WSS resistant winter wheat)
– Gene Manipulation
– Mechanical Control (Fly swatter or
burning)
– Chemical
Identify and Monitor Pest: To understand
which IPM approach to use!
• Must monitor the insect population
– Relative insect measuring estimates
• Sweep net samples
– Absolute insect measuring estimate
• Insects per unit area (tiller, plant, sq ft)
• Trapping or emergence cages
– Get an idea of insects per unit
GET OUT INTO FIELD!!
Assess Potential Impacts
• Usually by comparing your densities or
pest damage to economic thresholds or
economic injury levels which are
previously established.
– Available from MSU Extension.
Economic Thresholds
• Number of pests per unit area (population
density) at which management methods
should be employed to prevent the pest
from reaching the economic injury level.
Economic Injury Level
• Lowest population that will cause
economic damage.
• When a pest reaches the economic
threshold control measures should be
employed to prevent populations from
reaching the Economic Injury Level.
Economic Threshold takes into
account many factors.
Injury Level =
C
VIDK
C = the cost of management per unit area
V = market value per unit area
I = injury amount caused per pest
D = the damage per injury amount
K = the reduction in pest attack by control
Insect Numbers
& Crop Losses
INSECT
DENSITY
ECONOMIC
THRESHOLD
(ACTION
THRESHOLD)
Time
ECONOMIC
INJURY LEVEL
Choose your management option
(Develop and evaluate your
management option)
• Do you wish to prevent (genetic ‘resistance’,
cultural ‘plant certain varieties’)
• Do you wish to suppress your pest population
(chemical, biological)
• Do you wish to eradicate (chemical, genetic)
– Very expensive generally and usually unsuccessful.
Implement the plan
• Don’t reinvent wheel
• Talk to your neighbors, extension
personnel, and consultants.
• Implement plan
• Reassess periodically
– Make notes of future pest populations,
methods which work, and methods which do
not.
Example Scenario: What do you
do if you want to use IPM?
Inspect the damage?
• Do not guess. Get into the field and
inspect.
• You find the Russian Wheat Aphid.
Contact MSU Extension if you cannot
identify.
Cross-reference the damage with
the insect found: RWA damage
Leaves white or purple streaks
Tightly rolled leaves – trap leaves or head
Contact MSU Extension for your
Monitoring Approach
• MSU Extension indicates the economic
threshold to be:
– Fall - Any growth stage (10-20% infested
plants)
– Spring
• Regrowth to early boot (5-10% infested plants)
• Early boot to flowering (10-20% infested tillers)
• After flowering (More than 20% infested tillers)
Monitor
• You assess your plants and find 35%
infested plants with RWA.
• APPLY A MANAGEMENT PLAN BASED
ON YOUR DENSITY AND THRESHOLD!
– Only 1 management tactic will save your field
at this point (consult MSU).  Chemicals
Which Chemical? Consult MSU or
other Ag Consultants
-MSU would recommend Warrior at the 3.8
oz / acre rate or Lorsban 4E based on
previous field trials.
-Always read the product label
Good Luck