Transcript Comma Usage

Comma Usage
Six comma rules
In this presentation,
you’ll learn six basic
rules for using—and
not using—commas.
There are some
exceptions to these
rules, but if you
master these, you’ll be
in good shape.
Comma rule 1
You need to use a comma whenever you’re
combining two independent clauses with a
coordinating conjunction.
(Remember, the coordinating conjunctions
are the FANBOYS words we reviewed
in the run-ons presentation.)
Example for rule 1
I had my essay ready at the beginning of class
on Monday, but I forgot to turn it in.
Comma rule 2
You use a comma to separate three or more
items in a series.
(Note: the last comma in the series is known
as the “series comma” and it is optional.)
Example of rule 2
Last week we wrote in-class essays, offered
peer feedback, and practiced identifying the
elements of narrative.
Comma rule 3
Use a comma after an introductory
expression—even when it’s only one
word—or a comment or question tacked on
at the end.
Example of rule 3
When the instructor called on me during class,
I was glad I had read the assignment.
Example of rule 3
I am enjoying the novel we’re reading in
class, much to my surprise.
More on rule 3
If you aren’t sure about whether or not
something is an introductory expression or a
tacked on comment or question, see whether
or not the sentence is complete without it.
If so, use a comma.
(Some of these are optional commas, but some are required.
The simplest answer is to put them in.)
Comma rule 4
Put commas before and after the name of
someone you are directly addressing.
Example of rule 4
Did you know, Mr. President, many people in
this country oppose your goals?
Comma rule 5
Put commas before and after expressions that
interrupt the flow of the sentence.
(i.e. however, of course, I think, therefore, etc.)
Example of rule 5
I believe, as you know, everyone can master
the basic writing skills.
Example of rule 5
Becoming a good writer is like becoming a
concert pianist; therefore, mastering writing
requires a lot of practice.
Comma rule 6
Place commas before and after any additional
information not needed in the sentence.
Example of rule 6
Brent Staples, who wrote “Black Men and
Public Space,” strikes me as an honest and
generous human being.
More on rule 6
The man who wrote “Black Men and Public
Space” will speak next week on campus.
Here is an example of where the “who wrote
“Black Men and Public Space” cannot be
removed from the sentence, so there
are no commas used.
Example of rule 6
The Loop, Nicholas Evans’s second novel, is
more than a simple love story.
More on rule 6
Nicholas Evans’s novel The Loop is going to
be made into a movie.
In this example, we don’t need the commas
because identifying which of his novels is a
necessary part of the sentence.