WVU: Local Economy to “ Beast of the East” Dana Brooks, Ronald Althouse, Damien Clement, West Virginia University

Purpose of Paper • Describe the social, economic, and political factors leading to the integration of sports at West Virginia University

Research Questions • What factors encouraged WVU coaches and administrators to recruit African America athletes?

• Who were the first African America athletes (male and female) play varsity sports at WVU?

• What was the community’s and local media’s reaction to sport integration on campus?

• What were the daily experiences of the first African American athletes on and off campus?

• How do we measure the progress made by African American athletes?

Research Methods • Oral History: In-depth interviews • Photographs as Image-based Research Approach

Founding of West Virginia University (1867)

Martin Hall

WOODBURN

Life on Campus: The Early Years • West Virginia Constitution • First African American faculty and students on campus: Jack Hodge, Annette Chandler Brown, Victoria Monroe • First Master’s Degree awarded to African America: 1942

First Grads: BA • Rev. Harry Coleman • BA: Sociology with minor in History and Education, 1957 • Masters of Divinity, Boston University School of Theology, 1960

First Graduate Students: MS • Horace Belmear: MS Physical Education(1951) • Former Dunbar High School • Former Assistant Dean, Student Affairs (WVU) • WVU School of Physical Education Hall of Fame

Morgantown During the 1950’s and 60’s

WVU Men’s Athletics A Look At Revenue and Non Revenue Programs: From the Beginning

WVU Football: The first Team (1891)

Integration of Sport at WVU • Football:1891- students took up collection, ordered a football, rule book and a set of uniforms • Game played on the :baseball grounds in South Morgantown (site of the B&O freight depot- S. University Ave.) • WVU lost to Washington & Jefferson(72-0) • No team was organized in 1892

Football (Cont.) • 1893: WVU won its first game (defeated Mt. Pleasant Institute 12-0) • 1895: Team won 5-6 games (victories over Mt. Pleasant, Pit, Latrobe, Marietta, and Washington and Lee. Note, Pitt. Was called the University of Western Pennsylvania) • 1901: First night game- WVU beat Marietta. Harry Stansbury was hired as AD.

Football( Cont.) • From 1891- 1963, all football players at WVU were white • 1963: Roger Alford (offensive guard 1963-65), Dick Leftridge ( Fullback) • Team QB- Eddie Pastilong (current AD) • 1964-65 season: Garrett Ford and John Mallory

WVU Football : Coach Gene Corum Head Coach: 1960-1965 Record: 29-30-2

Old Stadium: Mountaineer Field

WVU Football: Roger Alford(1963) Winterville, Ohio

WVU Football: Dick Leftridge (1963) Drafted by Pittsburg Steelers: 1966 Hinton, WVA.

1964 Freshman Team

WVU Football: Garrett Ford and John Mallory (1964)

Garrett Ford’s Record • Rushing yardage for three years, 2166 • Rushing plays for a career, 453 • Rushing plays for one season, 236 (1966) • Rushing yardage in one quarter, 133 (Pitt. 1965) • Became WVU’s first football player to rush for 1,000 yards in a season • Drafted in 1968 by the Denver Broncos

Carl Crennel • Middle Linebacker/ Middle Guard from Lynchburg, Va.

• Soph. named All American by AP.

Jim Braxton • One of WVU’s most versatile football players (end, running back, Kicked field goals, and point after touch downs).

• WVU ’s first African American first- team All American.

• Drafted by Buffalo Bills

Danny Buggs

WVU Basketball: The first team (1903-1904)

STANSBURY HALL

Basketball • 1903-04: WVU played Waynesburg, Bethany, Davis and Elkins, Washington & Jefferson and Fairmont • 1954- Fred Schaus coached Rod Hundley, Jerry West and Bob Smith • 1958-59- WVU wins Southern Conference: Citadel, Furman, George Washington, Richmond, VMI, William and Mary

Basketball (Cont.) • 1965 : First players on the freshman team • Jim Lewis- Alexandria, Va • Ron Williams- Weirton, Wv • Ed Harvard- Weirton, Wv • Norman Holmes- Washington, DC • 1966: Buck Walters became head coach • 1967: first time in which WVU basketball program recruited more out-of-state players

WVU Basketball: Freshman(1965)

1965: Varsity Team

Basketball (Cont.) • Ron Williams: Freshman year- averaged 31 pts. Per game, 10 rebounds, and 7 asst.

• 1968: named second team All-American • Professional career: San Francisco, 1969 71; Golden State, 1972-73; Milwaukee,1974-75; Los Angeles, 1976 • 1970: Sonny Moran (Coliseum open): Jerome Anderson, Levi Phillips

Ron Williams Record • From Weirton, WVA.: Led high school team to three class AAA championships.

• Freshman year at WVU: Led team with over 31 points per game.

• Three year scoring : 1,687 • Played NBA: San Francisco (1969-71); Golden State (1972-73); Milwaukee (1974 75); Los Angeles (1976).

WVU Basketball: Head Coach Bucky Waters (1966)

1966: Varsity Team

Carl Head-22 1966 Jim Lewis-33 Norman Holmes-12

Carry Baily 52 1967 Jim Lewis-33

Basketball (Cont.) • 1974: Joedy Gardner: Players- Lowes Moore, Tony Robertson, Maurice Robinson, Warren Baker • 1978: Gale Catlett: players- Greg Jones, Russell Todd, Donnie Gipson, Junius Lewis, Lester Rowe

1896 Baseball Team

Non- Revenue Sports • 1976: Bruce Clinton- baseball • 1980: Cathy Parsons- highest career points(2,218) and most field goal attempts in one game (28) • 1987: Yvette Clark- Gymnastics • 1988: Richmond Brown; Swim team • 1981: Shirley Robinson: women’s tennis • 1961: Phil Edwards: track- triple jump

1965:Track Team (First Team-1905) Henry Armstrong Maurice Moon Wayne Kiger

1961 Phil Edwards

Soccer Team, 1965 ( First Team 1961-1962) George Woods

George Woods Jr.: 1965 • Morgantown High School Grad: Letters in soccer and track and field. Attended WVU on ROTC Scholarship

Mohamed Lugenja Jacob Ilkiuyoni Mohamed Kawishi Moshi Soccer: 1967

Wrestling Team, 1921

Jim Stevens: 1966-1967 ( 120 to 137 lbs.) Morgantown, WVA.

WVU Women’s Athletic Program Prior to And Following Title IX: Race and Gender Issues

1973-74: WVU’s first Women’s Basketball Team

WVU Women’s Basketball: Cathy Parsons (1980) All-American Three-Time team MVP All-time leading scorer First player to score 2,000 points Head Coach WNBA: Mystics (1998) Coached: Howard University

Georgeanna Wells(6’-7”) : Dec. 21,1984 First Female to dunk a basketball in a game Inducted into Phi Slama Jama-Dunking fraternity Basketball placed in Basketball Hall of Fame.

1973: WVU’s First Women’s Tennis Team

WVU Women’s Tennis: Shirley Robinson (1981) First and Only African American Female to play tennis at WVU

1973: WVU’ s First Women’s Gymnastic Team

WVU Women’s Gymnastics: Yvette Clark (1987) Became second female in WVU history recognized for Atlantic awards in all five events Atlantic 10 Senior of the Year Award

Swimming • Vanessa Patterson:1993 1997( Sprints and Back Stroke).

• Soph.: Finished 3 rd Atlantic 10 champions Valerie Patterson: 1993 1997 ( Distance Free) Team MVP- 1994-95 School records: 500, 200, 1000 free

Football Assistant Coaches • Garrett Ford Sr.: Junior Varsity,1977; receivers, 1976,1971; running back,1972-75;chief scout,1970 • Bob Simmons: Outside Linebackers, 1980-87 • Coached at Toledo and Bowling Green.

• Played football at Bowling Green-All Conference.

Basketball Assistant Coaches • Dereck Whittenburg: 1993-1994 • Former Assistant coach at Colorado, North Carolina, Long Beach State, George Mason.

• Ron Brown: 1985-1993 • Assistant coach at Pratt Institute- New York City • Tutor for NBA players • Recruiting for WVU

Wrestling Assistant Coach • Nate Carr:1986- 1988 • Three Time nation champion at Iowa State (1981-83) • Bronze madal-1988 Olympics • Three time member of World Cup Team(1983, 1986, 1989)

Track Assistant Coaches • Tracy Pittman (jumps): 1992 • Responsible for the men’s and women’s jumpers and hurdlers.

• Former member of the Texas Longhorn track team.

Track Assistant Coaches • Tonya McKelvey-White (Jumps/hurdles):1997 • All-American Clemson Long jump-1993-94 • Audrey Dempsey (Jumps/hurdles):1998 • Former Asst. Morehouse from 1993-94 and 1997 98.

• Holds ACC records in 100 meters and 4x100

Men’s Soccer: Marlon LeBlanc

Summary and Conclusions • Recruiting Impact: • Member of Southern Conference • “Local” Recruiting Networks • Images of West Virginia • Title IX: Lack of Recruiting Budget Initially • WVU’s competition integrated teams prior to 1963

Summary and Conclusions • Some progress: Hiring of assistant coaches in football, basketball and track and field.

• Some progress: Hiring of head athletic coaches( men and women). Men’s soccer.

• Little progress with the integration of several teams: tennis, swimming/diving, volleyball, • 1999-2000-NCAA Self- Study: Minority Issues.

Cheerleading