Transcript CHAPTER 2

Figure 5.2 The synthesis and breakdown of polymers
How many waters would be
produced?
Carbohydrates
•
•
•
•
Sugars
End in -ose
CH2O
POLYMER, built of
monosaccharide
sugars
Classes of Saccharides
• Monsaccharides
• Disaccharides
– Simple sugars
• Polysaccharides
– Complex sugars
Figure 5.3 The structure and classification of some monosaccharides
Figure 5.3x Hexose sugars
Glucose
Just
because they have the same
Galactose
chemical formula does not mean they
look the same. Different shapes =
different functions
Figure 5.4 Linear and ring forms of glucose
Figure 5.5 Examples of disaccharide synthesis
Figure 5.5x Glucose monomer and disaccharides
Glucose monomer
Sucrose
Maltose
Mono and Disaccharides
• Primarily used for energy in the body.
Polysaccharides
• thousands of monosaccharides linked
together
• Storage and structural roles
• Glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin
(contains nitrogen)
Figure 5.7a Starch and cellulose structures
Figure 5.7b,c Starch and cellulose structures
Figure 5.7x Starch and cellulose molecular models
 Glucose
 Glucose
Cellulose
Starch
Figure 5.6 Storage polysaccharides
Figure 5.8 The arrangement of cellulose in plant cell walls
Fiber
Largely
undigestable –
Still important to
your diet, helps
promote
contractions of
intestinal lining.
Figure 5.x1 Cellulose digestion: termite and Trichonympha
Figure 5.x2 Cellulose digestion: cow
Chitin
Low weight, high strength
material.
Figure 5.9 Chitin, a structural polysaccharide: exoskeleton and surgical thread