Transcript The FRBR Model (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic

Differentiating Libraries through Enriched User Searching:
FRBR Implementation in Virtua
Back to Basics – and Flying Into the Future
Cataloging 2007, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1-2 February 2007
John Espley, Director for Design, VTLS Inc.
VTLS and FRBR
• Current Virtua Release is Release 48
• First FRBR customer (UCL) was in 2003 with
Release 41
• Important Split for Users
Choose to implement FRBR
Choose to ignore FRBR
Have a mixed catalog with FRBR records and non-FRBR records
Virtua and FRBR
MARC based system
Mapping from regular cataloging to FRBR
One record to three linked records
Work, Expression, Manifestation
Initial mapping done independently by LC (Tom
Delsey) and by VTLS (John Espley) – there was little
difference
Design Considerations in FRBR
Design is a matter of choices;
Good design is a matter of good choices
Five key questions
Store FRBR records?
Have a pure or mixed FRBRized catalog?
What tools are needed to support cataloging?
How to display FRBR records?
What features would users like?
Design Considerations in FRBR
Store FRBR Records (or FRBRize at display) ?
Records are cataloged once assessed many times;
FRBRizing at access was not optimal
Collocation was easier for stored FRBR records
Validations checks for works, expressions and
manifestations was cleaner for stored records
Cataloging was simpler and easily understood
Design Considerations in FRBR
Have a Pure or Mixed FRBRized Catalog?
Studies at VTLS and OCLC showed that about 18% of
catalog records would gain by FRBRizing
Pure catalogs would be easier to display but would
require more effort to convert
Mixed catalogs would take less overhead and provide
for gradual (over time) implementation
Mixed catalogs would provide for selective FRBRization
if necessary
Design Considerations in FRBR
What Tools are Needed to Support Cataloging?
FRBRize button – converts any record to FRBR
Automatic linking between W-E-M records
Context sensitive validation for W-E-M records
Copying “whole” FRBR tree from catalog to catalog
Analyze catalog for FRBR candidates
Batch FRBRize the whole catalog (as in LC music)
UnFRBRize records for distribution & error correction
Design Considerations in FRBR
How to Display FRBR Records?
FRBR expandable tree structure
Use of Icons
FRBR reverse tree structure
Music collections
Bound with
See examples that follow later
Design Considerations in FRBR
What Features Would Users Like?
Record sensitive displays – standard records
display different form FRBR display
Collocation
Multilingual access based on FRBR data
Navigation – hence reverse tree
Circulation holds at W-E-M levels
FRBR Examples
VTLS Implementation
First FRBR customer was UCL in 2003
VTLS continues to create examples to demonstrate the
use of FRBR in library catalogs
Links to 12 examples on following slide
The complete PowerPoint presentation can be found at:
http://www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml
FRBR Examples
Click Corresponding button for example
VTLS Implementation
Cataloging
OPAC
Related Works and
Super Works
Multi-Volume Set
Series
Collected or
Selected Works
Music Analytics
Journal Indexing
Art example
Circulation Requests
at Work/Expression
Serials
FRBR Implementation
FRBR Demonstration
Beethoven Example
Search on Author Beethoven
Select Symphonies no. 6
View record and notice FRBR hierarchy
Things to pay attention to now
Notice the 001 and 004 tags
Notice the 999 tag
Beethoven Example
Search for
Beethoven
Beethoven Example
Select 6th
Symphony.
(Could also
select
5 Beethoven
and then 6th
Symphony)
Beethoven Example
Result is a
FRBR Work
record.
(Expand tree
by clicking on
the plus sign)
Beethoven Example
Tree is
expanded to
display FRBR
Expressions.
The 004 tag
is the 001 of
the Work.
Beethoven Example
Expanding
the tree again
displays the
FRBR
Manifestations.
VTLS FRBR Features
Single database can have FRBR and non-FRBR
records
System is “aware” of record type and changes
displays as needed
Display of FRBR records are in tree structure
Local level fields have values of W, E, and M to
indicate type of FRBR record
001 and 004 used as linking tags
FRBR OPAC
FRBR OPAC
Screen captures of Virtua’s Web OPAC,
iPortal, are presented to show user displays
of a FRBR catalog.
FRBR OPAC
Search
by title
FRBR OPAC
Select 1st
entry in List
FRBR OPAC
Result is a short
record display.
Click on FRBR
tree
FRBR OPAC
Result is the
FRBR tree with
brief info from
Work and
Expressions
FRBR OPAC
Expression has
been expanded
to display
brief info from
Manifestations
FRBR OPAC
Manifestation
record with
one owning
institution
FRBR OPAC
Manifestation
record with
several owning
institutions
FRBR Related Works and Super Works
Work to Work Links
“… when the modification of a work involves a
significant degree of independent … effort,
the result is … a new work.”
FRBR, final report
Work to Work Links
Types of different works:
Paraphrases
Rewritings
Adaptations for children
Musical variations on a theme
Abstracts, digests, and summaries
Adaptations from one form to another
Dramatizations (book to movie, play, etc.)
One graphic art medium to another
Super Work
A Super (or Supra) Work is a record that has
other works (sub works) related to it
For example, the novel Beau Geste by P. C. Wren is
one FRBR Work, and the several movies that have
been created from the book are also separate FRBR
Works. The Super work is an artificial creation that
links all these related works together
Super Work
The Work
record for the
“Super” Work
of Beau Geste
Super Work
The tree
expanded to
show the
“sub works”
of the Super
Work
The Work
record for
the novel
(a sub work
of the Super
Work)
Super Work
The Work
record for the
1939 movie
(a sub work
of the Super
Work)
Super Work
The tree
expanded to
show the
Expression
and
Manifestations
of the 1939
movie
The
Expression
record for the
1939 movie
Super Work
The 1926
movie also has
two other
sub works:
music and
a Program
book
The
Work record
for the 1926
movie
Super Work
The tree
expanded
to show the
Manifestations
of the 1926
movie
The
Expression
record
for the 1926
movie
Super Work
The tree
expanded
to show the
Expression and
Manifestations
for the music
(a sub work)
of the 1926
movie
The
Manifestation
record
for the music
of the1926
movie
FRBR Circulation Requests
Circulation Requests
With a traditional system when you had multiple
editions of a particular title (Work) you had to
place individual requests on each edition
(Manifestation).
With a FRBR system, you only have to place a
request at the Work or Expression level, and ANY
item of ANY Manifestation will satisfy the request.
Circulation Requests
Search for
the title
Action and
Passion by
Percival
Christopher
Wren
Circulation Requests
The Work
Record for
Action and
Passion
Circulation Requests
The
Expression
record with
the tree
Expanded to
show multiple
Manifestations.
You do not
care which
Manifestation
you read.
You just
want one.
Circulation Requests
The
Manifestations
in the next
few examples
show that
items exist in
different
locations.
This location is
the Main
Library.
Circulation Requests
This location
is the
Mann Library
Circulation Requests
This copy is
in Green
Valley
Circulation Requests
This
Manifestation
has two
copies: One
each in the
Main and
Law Libraries.
Circulation Requests
Instead of
placing a Bib
level request
at each
Manifestation,
place the
request on
the
Expression.
Circulation Requests
The Request
“wizard” is
invoked by
clicking on
the “Add”
button
Circulation Requests
Once the
request is
made, the
next time a
qualifying
item is
encountered,
it will be
trapped. In
this example,
an item is
being
discharged
from
circulation.
Circulation Requests
The
Circulation
module
responds to
the Check-in
with a
message that
the item has
a request
on it
Circulation Requests
The
Check-in
window
displays the
items that
have been
checked in
and their
status
Circulation Requests
To verify
that this is
the right
item (in our
FRBR request
example) we
can either
search for
Action and
Passion or
right click
and select to
view the
item record
Circulation Requests
The trapped
item is for
the title
Action and
Passion
Circulation Requests
We can look
at the FRBR
bibliographic
information
by right
clicking and
selecting
Bibliographic
Record
Circulation Requests
The FBBR
tree for
Action and
Passion with
the
Manifestation
of the
trapped item
FRBR Serials
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Atlantic Monthly
Five Title Changes (1857, 1932, 1971, 1981, 1993)
11 Bibliographic Records in OCLC
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Each of the
five basic
titles in the
“family” of
Atlantic
Monthly
is a
“sub-work”
under the
Super Work
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Each work has
a linking
field such as
Continues
or…
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Continued
by
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The
Expression
level record
has fields
for
frequency
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
This is the
Manifestation
level record
which has
information
such as title,
page, imprint,
LCCN and ISSN
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
This is another
Manifestation.
In this case, the
microform
edition of the
latest
incarnation of
Atlantic
Monthly is
shown.
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The fully expanded
tree shows
all of the Works,
Expressions and
Manifestations.
There are 11
Manifestations
which match the
11 original
OCLC records.
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
What
happens
when you
search for
Atlantic
Monthly?
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The result set is a list
of the records;
Works and
Manifestations
which have the
title Atlantic
Monthly in them.
Selecting the
second entry,
a Manifestation,
results in…
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
The tree expanded
to the selected
record
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Notice that at
some point
Atlantic
Monthly
absorbed two
other titles.
If you click
on the
hyperlink for
Putnam’s
magazine…
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
You get a result set of
records that have the title
of Putnam’s magazine
in them.
If you select the last
entry on this screen…
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
You get a FRBR tree
that displays the
“family” of records
for Putnam’s
magazine.
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Selecting any of the
Works displays the
information about
that Work and
expanding the
entries will display
the Expressions
and Manifestations.
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
If we had
clicked on the
hyperlink for
Galaxy
instead of
Putnam’s
magazine…
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Again, a result
set since more
than one record
has the title,
Galaxy, in it.
Selecting the
third record…
FRBR Serials (CR) Example
Results
in a
non-FRBR
record
since
there is
only one
record
for the
title,
Galaxy.
There is
no
“family”
of
records.
Questions/Concerns
Linking fields
Need clearer, fuller definitions of WEM
Need to look at MARC tag mappings
Rules of Super Works
Can FRBR work with CR?
FRBR Benefits
For Librarians
Collocation
Better organization to catalog
Easier cataloging
Reduction in cataloging load
Work only cataloged once for all expressions under it
Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations under it
Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same
FRBR Benefits
Greater Benefits For Users
Collocation
Easier to find information
Single search retrieves all related materials even if cataloged
in different languages or different subject headings
Easier to see the different expressions of a single work
Gives a better global picture
Easier to find all manifestations
FRBR Benefits
Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level
rather than only at manifestation level
Better understanding of relationships between
related works or expressions
Virtua FRBR at UCL
Universite Catholique De Louvain (UCL) has
been a Virtua FRBR customer since
December of 2003
UCL moved to a consortium environment in
April of 2006
UCL feedback on FRBR
• What UCL “likes” about FRBR
“For the first time we have the ability for a ‘global’
representation of an ‘intellectual’ or ‘artistic’ universe”
(English translation of a thought in French)
“Collocation is tremendous”
“Visualization of the content by the end user”
“Accessibility to ‘big’ works like ‘Bible’”
“Very interesting for works of philosophers, great
writers, and so on”
“Ability to extract FRBR records in a non FRBR
format … for exchange of data”
“Structural relationships from work to work”
UCL feedback on FRBR
• What UCL “doesn’t like” so much
“Difficulty” in getting precise information concerning
different electronic ‘format’
“This is linked to the fact that Virtua/FRBR is
MARC based and must live with the limitations of
MARC”
“No way, at present, to identify a FRBR record in the
index entries at the point of display”
VTLS comment : We think that this can be fixed.
Advantages of FRBR (for UCL)
• FRBR is opening the road to
“New methods for cataloging”
“Analyzing deeply notion of ‘seriality’ and dynamic
structure of electronic resources”
“New model for authority data”
“New model for subject authorities, thesauri, subject
classification (facets)”
Conclusion – Mood at UCL?
Overall : Quite happy with FRBR implementation
After three full years of experience they will never
return to the old catalog
All new institutions joining the consortium are required
to embrace the FRBR implementation – so there is no
further debate about a mixed environement.
FRBR – UCL Catalog Other Examples
• Other searches to try
Title search: Also sprach Zarathustra
Take first entry on the title list
Title search: Chanson de Roland
Click to next set and select entry with 13 hits; click on 13th record
Title search: Communauté apostolique
Click on first entry
Author search: Zola, Emile
Take entry Zola, Emile, 1840-1902 Germinal
http://bib.sipr.ucl.ac.be/cgi-bin/gw_48_0_1f/chameleon?skin=wboreal
FRBR Preparation
Library Task List
Read FRBR documentation
Study FRBR implementations to see benefits for library
If there is interest, start a FRBR program
Have VTLS run “Virtua FRBR Analysis Program” to
determine what percentage of database records are
good FRBR candidates
General results: 5-18 % range
FRBR Preparation
Library Task List
Make purchasing decision for FRBR
Schedule one day FRBR cataloging training
Automatically convert selected records to FRBR using
Virtua programs
Check and correct auto conversion
Open FRBR catalog to public
Let the fun begin
Live happily ever after!!
FRBR
For further information or a copy of this presentation,
please send an email to:
Jack Bazuzi: [email protected]
Vinod Chachra: [email protected]
John Espley: [email protected]
For further information about VTLS, visit:
www.vtls.com