Transcript Creating Visual Management Systems

Health & Safety
BIR / 201
Construction Version
Health & Safety
Structure of the Unit
• Aims and Objectives of unit
• Learning outcomes
• Introduction to Health & Safety in the
Construction industry
Aim of the unit
• The aim of this unit is to give the learner the
knowledge and understanding of the basic
Health & Safety regulations, practices and
processes as applied within the Construction
industry
Objectives of the unit
To introduce:
– The Health & Safety regulations, practices and
processes as applied to the Construction Industry
Learning Outcomes
After completing the unit, you should:
• Understand what are the key Health & Safety
regulations, practices and processes as applied within
the Construction industry
Contents
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Health & Safety in the Construction industry
Health & Safety in practice
Roles & responsibilities
Site induction processes
Risk assessment
Hazardous materials and COSHH
RIDDOR – Incident management & reporting
Electrical Safety
Asbestos
Manual Handling - Safe Lifting
Scaffolding
Everyday construction workers
go to work
- Some never return!
- Some are seriously injured
and can never return to work!
Performance of the Construction Industry
Number of major injuries to employees in
Construction by kind of accident, 1996/97 – 2005/06
Construction injury rates since 1999/2000
2006-7 Statistics
Ill Health
• 2.2 million people were suffering from an illness
they believed was caused or made worse by
their current or past work.
• 646 000 of these were new cases in the last 12
months.
• 2037 people died of mesothelioma (2005), and
thousands more from other occupational
cancers and lung diseases.
2006-7 Statistics
Injuries
• 241 workers were killed at work, a rate of 0.8 per
100 000 workers.
• 141 350 other injuries to employees were
reported under RIDDOR, a rate of 535.1 per 100
000 employees.
• 274 000 reportable injuries occurred, according
to the Labour Force Survey, a rate of 1000 per
100 000 workers.
2006-7 Statistics
Days Lost
• 36 million days were
lost overall (1.5 days per
worker), 30 million due
to work-related ill health
and 6 million due to
workplace injury.
Complying with Statutory
Regulations and Organisational
Safety Requirements
– “The Management of H&S at Work
Regulations 1999”
“The Management of H&S at Work Regulations 1999”
H.A.S.A.W.A.1974
COSHH
NOISE
EAW
ASBESTOS PRESSURE
Management of H.A.S.A.W. Regulations 1999
D.S.E.
Manual
Handling
P.P.E.
Welfare PUWER LOLER
“The Management of H&S at Work
Regulations 1999”
• Make a list of the regulations which apply
to you in your place of work.
• Against each regulation write how it affects
the way you work.
H.A.S.A.W.A. - A simple guide
For practical purposes the act has 2 main
branches:
The Employers
The Employers responsibility.
responsibility
The Employees
responsibility
The Employers Responsibility
The Employers
responsibility.
• Your employer has a duty under the law to
ensure, so far as is reasonably
practicable, your health, safety and
welfare at work.
The Employers Responsibility
• What do you think these
responsibilities cover?
• Make a list.
The Employees Responsibility
The Employees
Responsibility.
• As an employee you have legal obligations
under the Health and Safety at Work Act
just as your employer does.
The Employees Responsibility
• What do you think these responsibilities
cover?
• Make a list.
Site Induction – Health & Safety
Site
Rules
• Important to clearly communicate the Health & Safety
requirements and considerations to all persons that visit or
work on site
• General health and safety regulations
• Company specific health and safety rules
• Site specific considerations
• Ensure commitment to work safely
• Check for the minimum safety qualifications (e.g. Relevant
level of CSCS card)
Site Induction
Typical Site Safety Rules
Site Rules
• All Health & Safety regulations applicable to the Construction work being carried
out must be complied with
• The instruction or command depicted on safety signs must be complied with
• Do not operate plant or equipment unless trained, certificated and authorised to
do so
• Awareness of COSHH & Risk Assessment Files, you must fully comply
• Tidy well organised workplaces
• All waste in your operation is to be removed safely
• Minimum of two persons to work on site outside of normal hours
• When working alone during normal hours, ensure your supervisor knows your
location and for how long
Site Induction
Typical Site Safety Rules
Site Rules
• Only use 110v Power or Cordless tools
• No consumption of intoxicating substances on or off site during working
hours will be tolerated (random drug and alcohol tests)
• Permit to work documents are required for excavation, hot work and
confined spaces
• All injuries and dangerous occurrences must be reported to the Site
Manager and recorded in accident book immediately they occur
• Hard hats, safety footwear and PPE as instructed
• The use of personal stereos and radios is prohibited on site
Site Induction – Health & Safety
Other points covered that have an impact on
Health & Safety:Site Safety
• Emergency procedures
• Emergency Assembly Point
• Fire fighting equipment / alarms
• Other significant features e.g. water, high voltage cables, gas, deepwater
• Site Access/Egress
• Traffic Plan
• Unloading practices and areas
• Storage Area(s)
• First Aid
Risk Assessment
• Risk Assessments to be carried out on all construction activities
as appropriate
• Outputs from the Risk Assessment must be
• Effectively communicated to all concerned
• Be addressed in the related Method Statement
• Risk Assessments file held in the Health & Safety Plan in the
Site Office
• If changes occur to construction activities, the Risk Assessment
must be repeated
• Fully comply to the Method Statement for your activity
High Risk Accident Areas
• Falls from height
• Things Falling
DON’T
• Alter scaffold
• Remove toe boards or guards
• Leave holes unprotected
• Do not operate plant equipment unless authorised and
certificated
Always Wear Protective Gear When Required
• Visual signage should be positioned in a place so that the
potential risk and safety precautions are clearly communicated
• PPE as indicated by the signage must be complied with
• PPE must be provided by your employer / the worker
• The Site Manager typically will hold a supply of the key PPE
Fire Precautions
• Hot work permits required
• Keep areas around heaters clear
• Check electrical apparatus regularly
• Be aware of the Fire Plan
• Be aware of location of fire points, routes, fire
fighting equipment and alarm procedure
• NO SMOKING
Emergency Alarm and Procedures
• Turn off all powered equipment, heat producing equipment and shut
cylinder valves
• Leave the site via the nearest EMERGENCY EXIT
• Assemble at the EMERGENCY ASSEMBLY POINT
• Be aware of other personnel in the building and advise Site Manager
COSHH
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
A set of regulations which set out rules for the safe
use, handling and storage, of any substance which
may be hazardous to health that is used at work.
Imposes duties on employers for the protection of
employees who may be exposed to substances
hazardous to health at work, and of other persons
who may be affected by that work.
COSHH
• What is the first step in working with
substances ‘safely’?
• Must carry out an assessment of the risks.
• Make a list of any products/substances which you
come into contact with at work which you think
would have to be assessed.
COSHH is not JUST warnings!
• List 5 examples of ways in which COSHH
affects
– Your daily life
– Your work life
Identifying Hazardous Substances
Always follow the COSHH Assessment
RIDDOR
• The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and
Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
(RIDDOR), place a legal duty on:
– employers;
– self-employed people;
– people in control of premises;
• to report work-related deaths, major injuries or
over three day injuries, work related diseases
and dangerous occurrences (near miss
accidents)
What does this mean to us?
•Companies must report certain incidents
and occurrences in a specified time-scale
and keep appropriate records.
•By law all accidents, however minor must
be reported in the Accident Book.
Accident Book
• Report all accidents immediately and ensure that the details of
any accident are recorded in the Accident Book
• The Accident Book should be kept in the Site Manager’s Office
• Telephone Site Manager if you are off work as a result of an
accident immediately
Risk Assessment
• A careful examination of what, in our work,
could cause harm to people.
• We can then decide whether we have
taken enough precautions, or need to do
more to prevent harming people.
How are risks assessed?
• Five steps:
• Look for the hazards.
• Decide who might be harmed.
• Evaluate risks - existing precautions adequate, or
more to be done?
• Record findings.
• Review the assessment and revise it as necessary.
What is a hazard?
• Exercise:
• Delegates in groups to identify three hazards in
their normal work area.
Hazard Identification
• Step 1:
• Identification of Hazards
• Describe the machinery, process or activity
• Step 2 :
• Decide who might be harmed and how
• Identify the people likely to be exposed to the
hazards
Hazard Identification
• Step 3:
• Evaluate the risks and control measures - evaluation
helps us decide priorities
• Describe the potential hazards one by one
• Describe what control measures are already in place
• To assess the risks :
» Rate Probability
» Rate Frequency
» Rate Severity
Risk Rating Index = Probability x Frequency x Severity
Score the hazard using a Rating system
• PROBABILITY •
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Almost impossible (<5% change)
Unlikely (5-25% chance)
Likely (25-70% chance)
Probable ( 70-95% chance)
Inevitable (>95& chance)
• FREQUENCY
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Arises infrequently (Annually or less)
Present on a monthly basis
Present on a weekly basis
Present on a daily basis
Permanently present
• SEVERITY
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No injury.
Minor injury with less than 3 days lost time.
Minor injury with more that 3 days lost time (report).
Major injury (report).
Death or major injury with permanent disablement (report).
NB (report) means that a report about the accident has to be completed and sent to the
HSE
Hazard Identification
How could we take account of the number of
people who may be at risk?
Answer :
– Use a weighting that increases the risk index
if the number of people increases.
Rating (II)
Example Weighting factors:
No. of people exposed
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1-4
5-9
10-24
25 or more
Weighting Factor
Risk index
Risk Index
Risk Index
Risk Index
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5
10
• Example Action Levels:
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Risk Index
90 or more
to reduce the risk
70-90
30-70
less than 30
Action Level
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Action required
Immediate action
Action within 7 days
Action within 3 months
No action required
Action Planning
• Using the example Risk Assessment Record sheet, review
the identified hazard(s) and:
– Propose actions to eliminate, control or reduce the risks.
– Apply principles shown below, if possible in the following order.
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S ubstitute - new machine / process etc.
T echnical or engineering control to reduce risk (e.g. guards).
O perational - change working methods/procedures
P ersonal Protective Equipment.
• Enter date the action is completed.
• Calculate the new Risk Rating Index.
Hazard Identification
• Step 4 Record the findings.
• Maintain these records - the form used is an
example which can be used.
• Step 5 Review.
• Review the Risk Assessment periodically to
encompass any changes in materials, methods or
equipment.
Hazard Identification
EXERCISE:
• In groups, each group to conduct a risk assessment in any
two of the following 5 categories:–
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Your working environment.
Tools and equipment you use.
Materials and substances that you use.
Working practices.
Accidental breakages and spillages.
• Prepare the Risk Assessments by group discussion:
• TIME ALLOWED: 50 minutes
• Then return to the classroom to present your group’s findings.
• TIME ALLOWED: 30 minutes for all groups.
Health & Safety Management
• Remember that we talked about this – “The Management of H&S at Work
Regulations 1999”
Health & Safety Management
• What are the key elements of Health &
Safety Management?
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Policy.
Organizing.
Planning & implementing.
Measuring performance.
Reviewing performance & auditing.
Health & Safety Management
• Exercise 1.
• Make a list of the local procedures and
requirements in your workplace for monitoring,
controlling and recording health & safety risks.
Health & Safety Management
• Exercise 2.
• Against each element of your list of the local
procedures and requirements, show where you
can find documentary evidence of this.
Health & Safety Management
• What is the ‘company’ procedure for
emergencies:
– In an accident?
– In the event of fire?
Electrical Safety
• Around 1000 electrical accidents at work are reported to HSE each
year
• About 25 people die of their injuries.
Many deaths and injuries arise from:
• Use of poorly maintained electrical equipment
• Work near overhead power lines
• Contact with underground power cables during excavation work
• Use of unsuitable electrical equipment in explosive areas such as
car paint spraying booths
• Fires started by poor electrical installations
• Faulty electrical appliances
Electrical Safety
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Undertake a risk assessment to identify electrical hazards.
Learn how to recognise electrical wires (Overhead power lines, electrical
wiring, or cables buried underground).
Get an up-to-date map of the services in the area and use it.
Look for electrical wires, cables or equipment near where you are going to
work and check for signs warning of dangers from electricity.
If you will be digging or disturbing the earth, use a cable locator to find
buried services and permanently mark the position of services you do find.
Work away from electrical wiring wherever possible. If you have to work
near electrical wiring or equipment, ask for the electrical supply to be turned
off.
If the electrical supply cannot be turned off, consult a competent person
who should be able to advise you on the best way to proceed.
Identify where it is safe to work. Put up danger notices where there are still
live electrical circuits, and warn your co-workers where it is safe to work and
where it is not safe.
Electrical Safety
• Only 110v equipment permitted
• All equipment must be regularly inspected and
maintained
• Be careful with trailing leads
• Be aware of live cables above and below ground at all
times
Asbestos
• More people die from asbestos-related disease per year than are killed
on the roads.
• Every week 20 tradesmen die from asbestos-related disease.
• Every week 6 electricians die from asbestos-related disease.
• Every week 3 plumbers die from asbestos-related disease.
• It can be present in any building built or refurbished before the year
2000.
Asbestos- Where can you find it?
Cement Based Products
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Asbestos cement roofs
These are mainly made up of large sheets of corrugated
asbestos cement; they are often found on industrial or
farmyard buildings, but also can be found as roofs on garages
and sheds. They are usually covered in mosses as they’ve
been there for many years.
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Asbestos wall cladding
Shape and structure similar to roof sheeting, and is often found
on walls/as walls of buildings with asbestos cement roofs.
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Asbestos down pipes and gutters
Sometimes attached at the end of cement roofs in warehouse
type buildings.
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Asbestos cement flues
This may be found in boiler systems (including domestic) air
conditioning and ventilation systems.
Asbestos- Where can you find it?
Decorative Ceiling & Wall Coverings
• Textured coatings such as Artex (trade name)
• Asbestos particles are held within the
structure of the materials and become
hazardous if the coating is sanded down –
Never do this!
Asbestos- Where can you find it?
Floor tiles, Textiles & Composites
• Sometimes you may find asbestos floor tiles hidden under
carpets.
• Textiles can be found in fuse boxes behind the actual fuse.
Old fire blankets and heat resistant gloves can also be
made out of asbestos textiles.
• Asbestos composites can be toilet cisterns and seats,
window sills, and bath panels.
• Asbestos paper was used for lining under tiles and inside
metal cladding.
Asbestos- Where can you find it?
Sprayed Coatings
• Insulation on the underside of roofs and sometimes sides
of buildings and warehouses.
• Can be used as fire protection on steel and reinforced
concrete beams/columns and on underside of floors.
• Overspray or ‘splash back’ can occur and so there is likely
to be debris around the sprayed area.
Asbestos- Where can you find it?
Insulation Boards
• Asbestos Insulating Board was commonly used as
fireproofing material but it had many other uses such as:
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Partition walls
Fireproofing panels in fire doors
Lift shaft linings
Ceiling tiles
Soffits
Panels below windows
Asbestos- Where can you find it?
Lagging and Loose Fill
• Lagging
– Mostly used to insulate boilers and pipe work related to heating systems
• Loose Fill
– Used to insulate industrial and domestic premises and can be found in
cavity walls and between floors
– Probably the most dangerous as made up of very high percentage of
Asbestos and when disturbed, fibres are easily become airborne
Manual Handling
• Manual Handling
– The transporting or supporting of loads by hand or by
bodily force
• The Facts:
– More than 1/3 of all over 3 day injuries reported to the
HSE arise from manual handling
– Many manual handling injuries build up over a period
rather than being caused by a single handling incident
i.e. they are cumulative
Manual Handling
• Where will you find guidelines for manual
and mechanical handling?
• Manual Handling Operation Regs. 1992 (MHOR).
• Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regs.
1998 (LOLER)
Employer’s Responsibilities
• The Law:
– The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992
came into force 1 January 1993. They require an
employer to undertake a suitable and sufficient
assessment if there is a possibility of risk from the
manual handling of loads.
• AVOID:
Need for hazardous manual handling as far as
is reasonably practicable
• ASSESS: Risk from any hazardous manual handling that
cannot be avoided
• REDUCE: Risk of injury from any hazardous manual
handling as far as is reasonably practicable
Employee’s Responsibilities
• Follow appropriate systems of work laid down for their
safety
• Make proper use of equipment provided for their safety
e.g. PPE, mechanical aids
• Co-operate with employer on health and safety matters
• Assess risk – often experienced and know the risk better
than the employer
Manual Handling
• What do we know about the manual and
mechanical handling operations in our
organization – Office & Construction Site?
– Make a list of the lifting operations carried out
in the company, and the equipment used.
– Are there any areas of risk?
– What mechanical aids / devices are used to
assist lifting of heavy loads?
Equipment Safety
• Example of Inspection period Colour Code
for safety inspection
Equipment Safety
• Inspection period colour code tag
Equipment Safety
• Safe working loads of equipment
Identifying Risk Factors
• Excessive Fatigue
• Bad Posture
• Cramped work areas
• Awkward or heavy loads
Safe Lift ?
• Back straight & knees bent
Safe Lift?
Safe Lift?
Safe Lift?
Safe Lift?
Safe Lift?
Safe Lift?
Safe Lift?
Manual Handling
Problems to look for when making an assessment
• Tasks – Do they involve:
• Extended reaches – load away from body
• Twisting, stooping, reaching with large vertical
movements
• Long carrying distances
• Pushing or pulling heavy awkward loads
• Repetitive handling
• Paced work with insufficient rest time
• Do tasks require special information or training
• Endanger people with health problems/ pregnant
Manual Handling
Problems to look for when making an assessment
• The loads – are they:
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Heavy/ bulky/ awkward
Difficult to grasp
Unstable or unpredictable
Intrinsically harmful e.g. sharp/ hot
• The work environment – are there:
• Constraints on posture
• Poor lighting
• Hot/ cold/ humid conditions / draughts
General Risk Assessment Guidelines
Guideline weights for lifting and lowering
• There is no such thing as completely ‘safe’ manual handling
but working within guidelines will reduce the risk.
• Guidelines assume:
– Weight lifted with both hands
– Reasonable work conditions allowing stable posture
– No Twisting - (acceptable loads decrease 10% with 45 degree twist
& 20% with a 90 degree twist)
– Lifting and lowering is infrequent/ non-paced/ short duration
• If operation is outside of the boxes or with a weight twice the
guidelines more rigorous assessment must take place.
Good Handling Technique
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Stop and think
Position Feet
Adopt good posture
Get a firm grip
Keep the load close
Do not jerk – move slowly with control
Move the feet
Put the load down and position
• Two man lift
– must communicate, one person to take ownership of
the lift and give clear commands
Good Handling Technique
• You can safely push twice the amount you
can pull
Power Lift
Good Handling Technique
REMEMBER.
• If you must lift a heavy load –
Prepare yourself.
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Prepare the area - where are you lifting from and to.
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Get help where necessary.
Safe Lifting
• Design-in safe lifting points for lintels and cills and
identify the weight of all items to be manually handled,
using lighter components where practicable
• Use mechanical means to deliver materials to the point
of use
• Organise scaffolding to make block laying easier, for
example by providing tables or half lifts to minimise
bending and twisting
• Use mechanical placement aids, e.g. vacuum lifts for
kerbs and slabs
Safe Lifting
The Manual Handling
Assessment Chart has been
designed to help judge the
risks associated with lifting,
carrying and manual handling
activities
Scaffolding
• Scaffolding design implementation;
• Arrangements for securing scaffolding to structures;
• Intended and actual loadings on scaffolds, including the
impact of wind;
• The risk of direct impact by construction plant or
vehicles;
• The frequency and thoroughness of scaffold inspection
arrangements;
• Systems in place for the handover of new or adapted
scaffolds;
• The training and competence of scaffold erectors;
• The adequacy of the scaffold foundations; and
• The prevention of unauthorised modifications.
Scaffolding
Major Collapse in Milton Keynes 11th April 2006
• Collapse of scaffold to 14 Storey building
• 1 fatality, 2 seriously injured
• HSE investigating Scaffold design, how the scaffold was braced, tied &
inspected, and how materials were loaded
Health & Safety Summary
This unit has covered:
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The principles and benefits of Visual Management
Visual Control
Visual Display
The application of Visual Management to the workplace
Applying Visual Management
Questions and Discussion