Transcript Document
Emigrant Tribes By the 1830s, the world of the native Kanza and Osage tribes changed. Their land was no longer their own. Native groups all around the East and Midwest had been defeated and pushed from their land by incoming European settlers. The question was what to do with these eastern Indians. An idea was to create a Permanent Indian Frontier in what is now eastern Kansas and Oklahoma. It was hoped that Indians located here would be undisturbed by white settlers and the alcohol trade. But that didn’t happen. Large and small bands of Indians from the Great Lakes to Florida were removed to this Indian Territory. The Cherokees called their brutal removal journey “The Trail of Tears” and the Pottawatomies called theirs “The Trail of Death.” Several native groups were relocated to the area now known as Franklin County: Ottawas, Chippewas, Munsees, Sac and Fox, Pottawatomies, Shawnees, Peorias, Piankeshaws, Kaskaskias and Weas. The Chippewas of Black River and Swan Creek (Michigan) Ash-E-Taa-Na-Quet or Clear Sky (Francis McCoonse) Ka-pah-us-ke, (Robert McCoonse) Grandson of the Old Chippewa Chief In his youth, he was sent to school in Nazareth, PA by the Moravian missionaries. He’s wearing his uniform above. Mary Alice McCoonse, Chippewa, right, dressed to go to school at Haskell Institute in Lawrence, KS. Her little sister, Matilda Maria, is left. The Sac and Fox of the Mississippi Sac Chief Keokuk, or the Watchful Fox Keokuk’s son, Wa-som-e-saw called the Reverend Moses Keokuk in later life. Sac and Fox Op-po-noos or Appanoose or Appan-oze-o-ke-mar (The Hereditary Chief, or He Who Was a Chief When a Child) Appanoose Sac and Fox Right is a print of a painting of Appanoose made by George Bird King Two unidentified Sac and Fox men photographed by A.W. Barker. Two examples of Sac and Fox bark houses—one in Franklin County and one in Oklahoma. The Munsees William Henry Kilbuck Munsee John Henry Kilbuck, Moravian missionary to Alaska In 1900, the Chippewas and Munsees were given their land individually, and the tribes were dissolved. The two groups posed for a final photograph. The Illinois and Wabash Bands The Peoria, Kaskaskia, Piankeshaw and Wea Chief Baptiste Peoria The Ottawas of Blanchard’s Fork, Roche de Boeuf, and Ocquanoxcey’s Village Ottawa Chief Pah-Tee (John Wilson) 1813-April 9, 1870 Died on the journey to Oklahoma at Osage Mission Che-quah, Ottawa Medicine Woman (Aunt Jane Phelps) 1766-1886 Ottawa Chief Ko-twah-wun (Joseph Badger King) 1822-1915 Na-qua ke-zhick--Noonday (William Hurr), trustee of Ottawa University, translator for Sac & Fox The route of the Ottawa from the Great Lakes through Ohio to Kansas and then Oklahoma By 1900, all the Nations had been relocated to Oklahoma except the Munsees and Chippewas, whose tribal organizations were terminated.