Transcript General Chemistry Safety Tutorial

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Safety Responsibility
Both YOU and the University are responsible for your
personal safety. The University is responsible for:
informing you of potential hazards in the laboratory,
providing you with a safe laboratory environment, providing
instruction in safe and proper procedures informing you of
potential hazards in the laboratory.
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You will be given laboratory safety instruction by your
instructor both verbally and within written laboratory
experiments (which you should read before lab) that
will alert you to potential hazards. This presentation
also provides you with pertinent safety information.
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We expect you to work safely using the safety
instruction you receive
as your guide.
You are responsible for following safety
procedures and practices.
You should report immediately any unsafe
working condition to your instructor.
We would like to correct any safety problem in
the lab as quickly as possible. If you become
aware of any
unsafe or potentially unsafe condition in the lab,
please let us know.
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You must pass an online safety quiz.
The safety quiz is administered online. It will
test you on information contained within this
Lab Safety Tutorial.
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A Chemical Hygiene Plan gives a working framework for the safe operation of both
instructional and research chemistry laboratory.
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The Chemical Hygiene Plan must include:
The individuals who are responsible for safety and health in the laboratory.
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The procedures used in the laboratory to protect every person's safety and health,
such as:
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Emergency procedures
Storage and handling of hazardous materials
Proper disposal of hazardous materials (waste)
Departmental laboratory clothing/PPE* policy
Methods of training workers
*PPE: Personal Protective Equipment; i.e. goggles, gloves, masks, lab coats, etc.
Copies of the Chemistry Department Chemical Hygiene Plan are available in the Chemistry
Office (WB 5053)
All of your instructors and laboratory assistants, and all students doing research in
chemistry, will have had training in the accepted procedures and policies of the Department
as specified by the Chemical Hygiene Plan.
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Federal Hazard Communication Act, 1990
Every chemical laboratory is required by law to provide its
employees (and students) with complete information about any
hazards in the laboratory.
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These regulations are often referred to as "Right-To-Know
Laws".
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These laws specify that you have the right to have access to
information about any chemical with which you might be
working.
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That information is generally contained in Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS's).
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The content of MSDS sheets will be described in the next section.
MSDS sheets are collected in ring binders and placed on the counters nearest the prep rooms.
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A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a multi-page document, provided by the manufacturer, that contains the following information
about a chemical.
1. Product or chemical identification (name and CAS number)
2. Hazardous ingredients, if a mixture of chemicals
3. Physical data, such as boiling point or melting point
4. Flammability and explosion danger
5. Reactivity data (hazards of mixing with other chemicals)
6. Health hazards (toxicity)
7. First aid and emergency information (safe handling procedures)
8. Measures to control exposure (personal protective equipment)
9. Spill handling procedures
10. Special procedures, such as waste disposal
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In our laboratories, we provide an MSDS sheet for each chemical used in every course, whether it is hazardous or not. The MSD S sheets
for the WB 6035/ 6037 labs can be found on the counters next to the Prep Room doors.
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If you cannot locate the binders, just ask the instructor or the laboratory assistant to help you locate a particular MSDS.
An MSDS sheet can be intimidating, but please be aware:
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The instructors have made every attempt to keep your exposure to hazardous chemicals low.
We have designed the experiments to eliminate as many hazards as is feasible.
Some hazards are inevitable in a chemistry laboratory, but with appropriate facilities and instruction, they should not be considered
threatening.
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Next we will look at some of the items that might be found in an MSDS sheet .....
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One of the first pieces of information
you will find in an MSDS sheet is the
name of the chemical. Often a
chemical will have more than one
appropriate name.
For instance, all of the following are
names given for acetone: Acetone,
Dimethylketone, 2-propanone,
Dimethylformaldehyde,
dimethylketal, Ketone propane,
Pyroacetic acid,
Dimethylformaldehyde
In addition, a chemical may have yet
different names in other languages
(German, French, Russian, etc.)
To avoid the problem of what to
correctly name a chemical, the
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
assigns a unique number, the CAS
Number, to each compound. You will
find this universal number in the
MSDS along with the names.
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Some MSDS chemical hazard terms you might encounter follow.
These are included so that you may understand MSDS sheets, not
because they will apply to specific compounds you use in lab.
Flammable compounds have a flash point below 100 deg. F.
(37.8 deg. C.) and hence may ignite and burn.
Corrosive or Caustic compounds cause obvious damage to living
tissue. Corrosives act either directly, by chemically destroying
the part (oxidation), or indirectly by causing inflammation. These
chemicals will cause damage (immediate burns) to your skin:
Corrosive: usually applies to acids. Caustic: usually applies to
bases. Strong Oxidizer reactions are usually very exothermic
(give off heat). Therefore, oxidizers can cause other materials to
combust more readily (or upon contact!) or make fires burn more
fiercely. Oxidizers are extremely reactive.
Volatile compounds have a high vapor pressure and easily form
vapors at normal temperature and pressure. The vapor could be
flammable or toxic or both.
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Below are some MSDS toxicity terms you might encounter. These are included here so that you may understand
them when you read an MSDS sheet.
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Toxicity Hazards
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Toxicity relates to the adverse effects of a chemical on a living system.
There are two types of toxicity:
Acute Toxicity -The chemical may have a rapid bodily absorption and can exert an
effect during a single exposure.
Chronic Toxicity The chemical may exert an effect because of repeated exposure over a period of time (days,
months, years) and the exposures may be cumulative
Specific Actions
Toxic compounds often have specific actions:
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Carcinogen
Causes cancer Teratogen
Causes birth defects Hepatotoxic
Causes liver damage Nephrotoxic
Causes kidney damage Neurotoxic
Causes nerve damage Hematopoietic
Damages blood cells and bone marrow Sensitizer
Causes an allergic reaction Irritant
Causes inflammation of the skin, mucous membranes, or lungs Lachrymator
Causes tears and eye irritation
We try to avoid compounds with any of these types of actions in our instructional lab experiments.
Remember that chemicals, no matter how hazardous, are not able to harm you unless you receive an exposure.
Inhalation
This is the most common mode of exposure. Chemical vapors, gases, aerosols, mists or dust can be absorbed
through the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, throat, or lungs....and a neighbor could be responsible.
Skin and Eye Contact
You may think of the skin as barrier, but chemicals can penetrate the skin. Such contact may be indirect such as
when you adjust your glasses while wearing dirty gloves and then later adjust your glasses with gloves off.
Contact with items that others have used or touched is also possible.
Eye exposure can be indirect through vapors, or direct via a splash (when not wearing goggles), or by touching
your eye while your hand or glove is contaminated by a chemical.
Ingestion
Ingestion is usually by accident. It is avoided by never eating or drinking in the laboratory, and by cleanliness
practices, such as washing your hands after working with chemicals. Always wash your hands when you leave
the lab. Do not place your fingers in your mouth when working with chemicals.
Injection
This can occur by skin puncture with a dirty piece of glassware or apparatus. Breaking a piece of glassware is a
common route; chemicals can enter through a cut.
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There are special terms related to exposure that you will find in
an MSDS sheet. These terms specify the maximum amounts by
law that a worker may be exposed to under various situations as
defined below.
LD50 Lethal Dose, 50% Mortality ( mg/kg ) When this amount of
chemical is taken in (contact or ingestion) 50% of the test
subjects (often mice) die.
(mg/kg = 1 mg of substance per kg body weight)
TLV Threshold Limit Value mg/m3 (ppm) The amount a worker
may be exposed to in the work environment daily over a lifetime
with no ill effects. (m3 is a volume of air space in the room)
PEL Permissible Exposure Limit mg/m3 (ppm) A legal standard
for exposure in the workplace. This value may not be exceeded.
(m3 is a volume of air space in the room)
STEL Short Term Exposure Limit mg/m3 (ppm) This value may
not be exceeded for a single short-term exposure.
(m3 is a volume of air space in the room)
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The National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) has
developed a hazard warning
symbol called the "NFPA
Diamond". With this symbol,
information regarding a
chemicals hazard profile can
be quickly conveyed.
The type of hazard
(flammability, health,
reactivity) is indicated by color
and location. Hazards are
rated from
0 (very low hazard) to 4
(extreme hazard) in each
category, with a provision for
indicating any special hazards.
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The following agencies are responsible for health and safety in the
workplace.
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Department of
Labor) The primary federal agency that oversees workplace safety.
Although OSHA regulations do not apply to a college student in a
science laboratory, we nevertheless attempt to comply with OSHA
standards.
(www.osha.gov)
USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The federal agency that
regulates pollution and waste disposal.(www.epa.gov)
Ohio EPA The state agency that implements environmental controls and
regulations.(http://www.epa.state.oh.us/)
YSU Environmental Health and Safety. This office that is responsible for
health and safety issues at YSU.
YSU Chemistry Department Safety Officer. Timothy Styranec WB 5053.
Extension 3665.
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When using a chemical from the
manufacturer's original container,
the label on the container is required
to specify known hazards, and the
most important information from the
MSDS sheet.
Chemicals distributed prior to 1985,
however, may not include these
hazard warnings. Typically, the label
on a manufacturer's container will
show (at a minimum) :
The name of the product The name
and address of the manufacturer.
The physical and health hazards of
the material. The NFPA Diamond or
its abbreviation, if available. A link to
an example of a manufacturer's label
showing this information is given
below.
You must report all injuries, no matter how serious,
to the instructor or the lab assistant.
If you should have a minor injury, there is a first
aid station in each lab, in a marked cabinet. A
variety of bandages may be found there. The
instructor must be notified and they will complete
an injury report form. The section below lists some
first aid procedures for minor injuries.
Simple First Aid
Acid or Base Burns
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Rinse the affected area with copious quantities of
water for at least 15 minutes. Bases have a
slippery feeling (like soap), acids cause a "nonskid" feeling and may burn. Rinse until the skin
returns to normal.
Minor Cuts
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Wash the wound well with water. If necessary apply
pressure to stop the flow of blood. Apply a
bandage if appropriate.
Minor Burns
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Immerse the burned area in cold water until the
pain is alleviated. Use of salves or ointments is
discouraged.
Accidental Ingestion
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Call the local poison control center for advice. Do
not drink anything unless instructed by a medical
professional.
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Call 911.
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Alert people in the
laboratory.
Make sure you have a
clear exit path.
Avoid smoke or
fumes.
Smother fire or use
the fire extinguisher
available in each lab.
If the fire will not
extinguish, evacuate
the area.
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Alert people to evacuate the area.
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Notify instructor to summon help.
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Avoid flames, smoke, or fumes.
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Make sure you have a clear exit path at all times.
Close all doors to confine the fire.
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Exit building through the stairwell (do not use the
elevators), meet outside Ward Beecher Hall and await
instructions.
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Your TA will give you
a detailed tour of the
safety features in our
General Chemistry
labs, including the
eyewash station that
is to be used only if
someone gets a
chemical in their eye.
These are expensive
to replace and should
only be used in an
emergency.
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Learn the location of the safety shower(s) nearest to your
position in the laboratory.
These showers are to be used if:
You spill chemicals on your clothes or person
Your clothing or hair is on fire.
Any clothing which as absorbed a hazardous chemical
should be removed. If you remove clothing, ask for a towel
and a lab coat.
Please refrain from manipulating the shower unless
necessary. The showers put out a large volume of water
and there are no floor drains in the room.
Goggles
 Goggles must be worn at all times when working in the laboratory.
Approved goggles are available for purchase at the bookstore.
You should purchase a pair before coming to lab.
 The approved goggles seal completely around the eyes and provide
splash protection from top, bottom, and sides, as well as from the front.
 Visitors to the lab must wear goggles as well.
 Eyeglasses
 Ordinary eye glasses (even if hardened) do not provide adequate
protection to your eyes. If you wear glasses, the goggles will fit over
them.
 If your eyeglasses fog, you should consider obtaining an anti-fogging
towel or spray to apply to your glasses.
 Contact Lenses
 Contact lenses may be worn in the laboratory, but you must also wear
approved safety goggles.
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Chemically resistant gloves will protect you from the
most common type of skin exposure.
The most effective gloves for general use are the
disposable "nitrile" gloves (blue or purple) which are
available for use in the chemistry laboratory. As they
are expensive, please use them only as needed.
Latex gloves and disposable polyethylene gloves
(available at the supermarket) should not be used
since many chemicals will pass right through them.
In some cases, special gloves may be required to
handle certain chemicals.
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Lab coats are required at all times in the chemistry laboratory.
They are available at the campus bookstore.
Be sure the sleeves are not too long or they may get in the way of your work causing a hazard.
Appropriate Clothing
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Shoes
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Closed-toed shoes must be worn at all times in all Chemistry Dept labs. Failure to wear closed-toed shoes
will be grounds for barring you from participating in lab activities. Open-toed sandals or bare feet are not
permitted in the laboratory at any time.
You must wear closed-toe shoes in the laboratory at all times. Failure to do so will result in you being barred
from participating in lab activities.
Leg Covering
Long pants are required at all times in the instructional labs. Failure to wear long pants will be grounds for
barring you from participating in lab activities. Shorts and skirts are not permitted in the laboratory at any
time.
◦ You must wear long pants in the laboratory at all times. Failure to do so will result in you being barred from
participating in lab activities. Shorts or skirts are not allowed in instructional labs at any time.
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Never allow chemicals to touch your skin or hands.
Understand the Hazards of Your Work
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Goggles and appropriate clothing are the minimum protection for laboratory work
Know and understand safe handling procedures for chemicals and equipment
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After handling chemicals
After removing gloves
Before you leave the lab
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Wash your bench top before and after working
Return chemicals to their proper storage location
Clean up any spills
Remove gloves, goggles, and lab coat before you leave - leave them in the lab
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Cell phone use is prohibited at all times in the laboratory.
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Personal music device use is prohibited at all times in the laboratory.
Wash Your Hands Frequently
Use Good Housekeeping
Never Work Alone
For your own safety, you should never work alone in the laboratory. If you are injured there will
be no one to help you or call for emergency help.
Cell Phone Use
Personal Music Devices
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You are to do experiments on the lab benches. In
addition to chemical apparatus, the bench is for
your textbook, your notebook, your experiment,
and calculator.
Other belongings are at risk from chemical attack
in the lab. When placed on the floor or bench
top, coats, backpacks etc get in the way of your
work, presenting a safety hazard
Coats, backpacks, and other personal belongings
must be placed on or under the coat rack at
either end of the lab, not on the benches.
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All of the reagents you will need to conduct
an experiment are provided on the center
benches, balance room or in dispensing
hoods.
If you spill chemicals on or around the
balance, you are responsible for cleaning the
chemicals up.
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Hazardous Reagents - Acids and Bases
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Liquid Reagents
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Hazardous chemicals are usually placed in a hood or on a tray for dispensing.
Hazardous chemicals might include concentrated acids and bases, solvents, noxious
chemicals, and other hazardous or volatile substances.
Be sure you clean up any acid or base spills or the next person might be severely burned.
Liquid reagents, if noxious or smelly, will also be found in a dispensing hood.
Avoid Contamination of Chemicals
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Do not put chemicals back into reagent bottles; returning an unused chemical to a
container risks contamination. Extra material must be placed in the appropriate chemical
waste container. Whenever possible, share excess material with a neighbor, but do not
return it to the original container.
Do not put chemicals back into reagent bottles; take only the amount you need.
Give any extra to a neighbor to use.
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Avoid direct contact with any chemical.
Keep laboratory chemicals off your hands,
face, and clothing (including your shoes).
Never smell, inhale, or taste laboratory
chemicals. Be sure there is adequate
ventilation.
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and
water after handling any chemicals, especially
before leaving the laboratory.
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All chemical wastes are collected in
containers located in the lab. Your
instructors will point these out to you
PLEASE USE THE CORRECT WASTE
CONTAINERS
- Ask your instructor if you are in doubt
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Not all trash is the same:
Metal trash containers are located at the end of the
bench near the outside wall. These are used for nonhazardous, solid wastes . Broken glass does not go
into the metal trash containers; it must be separated.
Paper, corks, tea leaves, and other non-hazardous
substances may be placed in the trash containers.
Do not place any glass (broken or unbroken) in the
trash containers.
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Broken glass goes in the
designated broken glass
containers located
around the room.
Any glass or broken
glass waste must be
placed in the special
containers provided. Do
not place paper or other
garbage in these
containers. Do not pick
up broken glass with
your fingers. There are
dust pans and brooms
located in every prep
room. If you cannot find
these items, ask.
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Thermometers
We attempt to use non-mercury thermometers. This
is because the mercury that spills from a broken
thermometer has a high vapor pressure and is
extremely toxic. The toxic effects of mercury are
cumulative.
If you are using a mercury thermometer and break it,
you must immediately ask for help from your
instructor or the stockroom. A special clean-up kit is
available.
◦ Never "play" with mercury - it can be absorbed through the
skin.
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Hotplates are
stored at various
locations in the lab.
Bunsen burners are
stored in the
cabinet at the end
of each lab bench.
These should be
turned off when not
in use.
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EATING OR DRINKING IS NOT PERMITTED IN THE LABORATORY
Do not bring any food or drink (including water bottles) into the lab.
There is always risk of contamination with toxic chemicals.
It is not considered safe to drink water from any source in the laboratory
because an experiment could back up and contaminate the supply lines
You may eat or drink in the hallway outside of the laboratory.
Be sure you wash your hands well before eating or drinking
- your hands may be contaminated with chemicals.
Smoking
Smoking is not allowed in the Chemistry Building. You must go outside.
In addition, the university prohibits smoking in the doorways of
buildings or by the air intakes. Several smoking areas are marked in
Haskell Square with sand-filled containers.
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In Case of a Fire or Major Spill
If there should be an emergency such as a fire or
a major spill of a hazardous chemical you will be
directed to evacuate the laboratory. In most
cases a fire alarm will sound. In the case of an
emergency, you should never use an elevator always use the stairs. Follow the primary
evacuation routes shown in the your lab
picture. Students should gather outside Ward
Beecher Hall and wait for further information.