Transcript 5-2 - Shun Lee Catholic Secondary School

Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
5.2
© Oxford University Press 2009
What are the
factors affecting
agricultural
production?
Part A
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
What is agriculture?
Where do
these
products
come from?
© Oxford University Press 2009
They all come from
agriculture.
Steak
Cotton swabs
Hide briefcase
Fruit salad
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
What is agriculture?
Agriculture refers to the growing of crops or rearing of
livestock by people for ______
food and ______________.
raw materials
There are five ways to classify agriculture.
1
Inputs-land
ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Agriculture
5
Level of
technology
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
What is agriculture?
How to classify agriculture?
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
High input and output per land area
Extensive farming
Low input and output per land area
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Crop growing
Livestock rearing/
Pastoral farming
Animal raising
Mixed farming
Crop growing and animal raising on
the same farm
3 Uses of outputs
Subsistence farming
For self-consumption
Commercial farming
For sale
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
What is agriculture?
How to classify agriculture?
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Farmers grow crops or raise
livestock at a permanent land site
Non-sedentary farming Farmers move from time to time in
search of suitable land or pasture
5 Level of technology
Low-technology
farming
Farming activity uses low
technology and little energy
High-technology
farming
Farming activity is specialized,
highly mechanized and
commercialized
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?
Shifting agriculture
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral
farming
Mixed farming

Let’s use the above
criteria to classify the
following types of
agriculture.

3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming

(Credit: Mark Edwards/Still Pictures)
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
5 Level of technology
Sedentary farming
Low-technology farming
Non-sedentary farming
© Oxford University Press 2009

High-technology farming

Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?
Nomadic herding
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming

2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral
farming

Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming

Nomadic herding in Kenya
(Credit: Robin Hutton)
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
5 Level of technology
Sedentary farming
Low-technology farming
Non-sedentary farming
© Oxford University Press 2009

High-technology farming

Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?
Wheat-sheep farming in
south-east Australia
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming

2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral
farming
Mixed farming

3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming

(Credit: Nigel Dickinson/Still Pictures)
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
© Oxford University Press 2009

5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming

Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?
Rice cultivation in Indonesia
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming

2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral
farming

Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming

(Credit: Morton Beebe/Corbis)
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
© Oxford University Press 2009

5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming

Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?
Vegetable growing in
greenhouses
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming

2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral
farming

Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
(Credit: Biosphoto/Thiriet
Claudius/Peter Arnold, Inc.)

4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
© Oxford University Press 2009

5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming

Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?
Livestock rearing
in South China
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming

2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral
farming

Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming

(Credit: Sun Rixaun/FOTOE)
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
© Oxford University Press 2009

5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming

Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
What is a farming system?
A farm can be viewed as a system, which has _______,
inputs
___________
processes and ________.
outputs
Inputs
Cash
Outputs
Processes
Market
Self-consumption
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
In Part B, we will
examine the factors
affecting agriculture.
© Oxford University Press 2009
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
Inputs of a farming system
Physical inputs
Climate (e.g. temperature,
rainfall)
Arable farming
Water
Seeds
Land (including soil)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Inputs of a farming system
Physical inputs
Climate (e.g. temperature,
rainfall)
Pastoral farming
Livestock
Water
Pasture
Land
© Oxford University Press 2009
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
Inputs of a farming system
Market
Cultural inputs
Labour
Technology/
Capital
Transport
Government
(Credit: Ng Kim Hung)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
Processes of a farming system
Arable farming
Irrigating
Ploughing
Weeding, fertilizing and pest control
Sowing
Harvesting
© Oxford University Press 2009
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
Processes of a farming system
Pastoral farming
Breeding
Sheep
shearing
Milking, feeding and
processing dairy products
Grazing
© Oxford University Press 2009
Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Part 5
Outputs of a farming system
Useful outputs
Useless outputs
Sesame
Useless parts of crops
and animal manure
Wheat
Tomato
Lettuce
Beef
Can you name a kind of
waste which is harmful
to the environment?
© Oxford University Press 2009