Transcript Slide 1
The war finally ended the great
depression
Mobilizing the economy created almost
19 million new jobs and nearly doubled
the average families income
families had to move to where the
defensive factories were located
Housing conditions were terrible
Workers worked 90 hours per week
Under pressure to produce, employers
began to recruit women and minorities
2.5 million women worked in shipyards,
aircraft factories, and other
manufacturing plants
The success of women permanently
changers American’s attitudes about
women in the workplace
Although factories were hiring women
they resisted hiring African Americans
A Philip Randolph- the head of the
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Randolph informed Roosevelt that he
was arranging African Americans to
march on Washington to secure jobs
Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 on
June 25,1941which declared that there
should be no discrimination in
employment in defensive industries or
government
Bracero Program- a program of Mexican
farm workers
Bracero- a spanish word meaning
workers
The government arranged for the
Mexican farm workers to help with the
harvest
To get to the jobs, 15 million Americans
moved during the war
The growth of southern California and
the expansion of cities in the Deep South
created a new industrial region- The
Sunbelt
In 1942 Roosevelt created the National
Housing Agency to coordinate (to bring
into common action) all government
housing
In southern California, racial tensions
mixed with juvenile delinquency
Racism against Mexican Americans and
the fear of juvenile crime became linked
because of the “zoot suit”
Zoot suits- consisted of baggy, pleated
pants, an overstuffed knee length jacket
with wide lapels and sometimes a widebrimmed hat
Victory suits- a suit with no vests, no cuffs,
a short jacket, and narrow lapels
In June 1943, after hearing rumors that zootsuiters had attacked several sailors, about
2,500 soldiers and sailors attacked Mexican
American neighborhoods in Los Angles
After Pearl harbor many Americans turned
their anger on Japanese American citizens
On February 19, 1942, Roosevelt signed an
order allowing the War Department to
declare any part of the United states a
military zone and to remove people from
that zone
He must of felt justified (to prove or show to
be just) when 4 days later a Japanese
submarine surfaced off the coast of
California and shelled an oil refinery
On December 8, 1941 Roosevelt
proclaimed that unnaturalized people14
or older of German and Italian decent
were designated as alien enimies
They were subject to government
regulations such as travel restrictions,
being forced to carry an identification
card, and the seizure or personal
property
The president worried about inflation, to
stabilize wages and prices he created
the Office of Economic Stabilization
(OES) which regulated wages and the
price of farm products
He also created the Office of Price
Administration (OPA) which regulated all
other prices
The War Labor Board (WLB) worked to
prevent strikes, by the end of the war
they had helped settle more than 17,000
disputes
Rationing- limiting the purchase of many
products to make sure enough were
available for the war effort
A person from each household picked
up a book of rationing coupons every
month
The coupons consisted of red points,
blue points, and miscellaneous coupons
Red points controlled meats, fats, and oils
Blue points controlled processed foods
Miscellaneous coupons controlled items
such as coffee, shoes, and sugar
Victory Gardens- gardens planted to
produce more food for the effort
Certain raw materials were so vital to the
war effort that the government
organized scrap drives
To earn more ration coupons you could
exchange bacon grease and meat
drippings, this helped with the scrap drives
The federal government spent more
than $300 billion during WW2
To raise money the government raised
taxes, congress refused to raise taxes as
high as Roosevelt wanted
As a result taxes collected only covered
45% of the wars cost
The government issued war bonds to
make up the difference, individuals
bought nearly $50 billion worth of war
bonds, institutions bought the rest more
than $100 billion worth
In 1942 Roosevelt created the Office of War
Information (OWI)
The OWI’s mission was to improve the
publics understanding of the war
Created guidelines for various forms of
media
The Donald Duck cartoon Der Fuehrer’s
Face was one of the media that followed
these guidelines
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYD0F
zf1LU
Workers
worked an average of
how many hours per week?
› 90 hours
Executive
Order 8802
declared what?
› There should be no
discrimination in employment in
defensive industries and
government
The
____________ was
designed to coordinate all
government housing.
› National Housing Agency
On
December 8, 1941, Roosevelt
proclaimed that unnaturalized people
14 or older of ______ and _______
decent were designated enemy
aliens
› German, Italian
______
________ controlled
processed foods
› Blue points
Certain
raw materials were so
vital to the war effort that the
government organized ______
______
› Scrap drives
To
earn more ration coupons
you could exchange _______
______ and ______ _________.
› Bacon grease/ meat drippings
______
_________ controlled
meats, fats, and oils.
› Red points
Mobilizing
the economy
created almost ___________
new jobs.
› 19 million
2.5
million ________ worked in
shipyards, aircraft factories,
and other manufacturing
plants.
› women