Transcript Slide 1

The war finally ended the great
depression
 Mobilizing the economy created almost
19 million new jobs and nearly doubled
the average families income
 families had to move to where the
defensive factories were located
 Housing conditions were terrible
 Workers worked 90 hours per week

Under pressure to produce, employers
began to recruit women and minorities
 2.5 million women worked in shipyards,
aircraft factories, and other
manufacturing plants
 The success of women permanently
changers American’s attitudes about
women in the workplace
 Although factories were hiring women
they resisted hiring African Americans

A Philip Randolph- the head of the
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
 Randolph informed Roosevelt that he
was arranging African Americans to
march on Washington to secure jobs
 Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 on
June 25,1941which declared that there
should be no discrimination in
employment in defensive industries or
government

Bracero Program- a program of Mexican
farm workers
 Bracero- a spanish word meaning
workers
 The government arranged for the
Mexican farm workers to help with the
harvest

To get to the jobs, 15 million Americans
moved during the war
 The growth of southern California and
the expansion of cities in the Deep South
created a new industrial region- The
Sunbelt
 In 1942 Roosevelt created the National
Housing Agency to coordinate (to bring
into common action) all government
housing

In southern California, racial tensions
mixed with juvenile delinquency
 Racism against Mexican Americans and
the fear of juvenile crime became linked
because of the “zoot suit”
 Zoot suits- consisted of baggy, pleated
pants, an overstuffed knee length jacket
with wide lapels and sometimes a widebrimmed hat
 Victory suits- a suit with no vests, no cuffs,
a short jacket, and narrow lapels

In June 1943, after hearing rumors that zootsuiters had attacked several sailors, about
2,500 soldiers and sailors attacked Mexican
American neighborhoods in Los Angles
 After Pearl harbor many Americans turned
their anger on Japanese American citizens
 On February 19, 1942, Roosevelt signed an
order allowing the War Department to
declare any part of the United states a
military zone and to remove people from
that zone
 He must of felt justified (to prove or show to
be just) when 4 days later a Japanese
submarine surfaced off the coast of
California and shelled an oil refinery

On December 8, 1941 Roosevelt
proclaimed that unnaturalized people14
or older of German and Italian decent
were designated as alien enimies
 They were subject to government
regulations such as travel restrictions,
being forced to carry an identification
card, and the seizure or personal
property

The president worried about inflation, to
stabilize wages and prices he created
the Office of Economic Stabilization
(OES) which regulated wages and the
price of farm products
 He also created the Office of Price
Administration (OPA) which regulated all
other prices

The War Labor Board (WLB) worked to
prevent strikes, by the end of the war
they had helped settle more than 17,000
disputes
 Rationing- limiting the purchase of many
products to make sure enough were
available for the war effort
 A person from each household picked
up a book of rationing coupons every
month
 The coupons consisted of red points,
blue points, and miscellaneous coupons

Red points controlled meats, fats, and oils
 Blue points controlled processed foods
 Miscellaneous coupons controlled items
such as coffee, shoes, and sugar
 Victory Gardens- gardens planted to
produce more food for the effort


Certain raw materials were so vital to the
war effort that the government
organized scrap drives

To earn more ration coupons you could
exchange bacon grease and meat
drippings, this helped with the scrap drives
The federal government spent more
than $300 billion during WW2
 To raise money the government raised
taxes, congress refused to raise taxes as
high as Roosevelt wanted
 As a result taxes collected only covered
45% of the wars cost
 The government issued war bonds to
make up the difference, individuals
bought nearly $50 billion worth of war
bonds, institutions bought the rest more
than $100 billion worth
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In 1942 Roosevelt created the Office of War
Information (OWI)
The OWI’s mission was to improve the
publics understanding of the war
Created guidelines for various forms of
media
The Donald Duck cartoon Der Fuehrer’s
Face was one of the media that followed
these guidelines
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYD0F
zf1LU
 Workers
worked an average of
how many hours per week?
› 90 hours
 Executive
Order 8802
declared what?
› There should be no
discrimination in employment in
defensive industries and
government
 The
____________ was
designed to coordinate all
government housing.
› National Housing Agency
 On
December 8, 1941, Roosevelt
proclaimed that unnaturalized people
14 or older of ______ and _______
decent were designated enemy
aliens
› German, Italian
 ______
________ controlled
processed foods
› Blue points
 Certain
raw materials were so
vital to the war effort that the
government organized ______
______
› Scrap drives
 To
earn more ration coupons
you could exchange _______
______ and ______ _________.
› Bacon grease/ meat drippings
 ______
_________ controlled
meats, fats, and oils.
› Red points
 Mobilizing
the economy
created almost ___________
new jobs.
› 19 million
 2.5
million ________ worked in
shipyards, aircraft factories,
and other manufacturing
plants.
› women