Transcript SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)

Engineering Majors
Sukiswo
[email protected]
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
1
Outline
 Characteristic
 Engineering Functions
– Difference of Scientist, Engineer, Engineer
Technologist
– What does Engineers do?
– Engineering Functions
 Engineering Majors
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
2
Characteristic
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
3
Introduction
 Several characteristics of students that
might have an interest in engineering are:
–
–
–
–
Proficient skills in math and physical science
An urging from a high school counselor
Knows someone who is an engineer
Knows that engineering offers literally dozens, if not
hundreds of job opportunities
– Is aware that a degree in engineering is quite lucrative
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
4
Engineers and Scientists
 Scientists seek technical answers to
understand natural phenomenon
 Engineers study technical problems with a
practical application always in mind
 For example
– “Scientists study atomic structure to understand
the nature of matter; engineers study atomic
structure to make smaller and faster
microchips”
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
5
Engineer and Engineering Technologist
 Main difference between the two is:
– Engineers design and manufacture machines
and systems, while engineering technologists
have the technical know-how to use and install
the machines properly
 An example:
– “The technologist identifies the equipment
necessary to assemble a new CD player; the
engineer designs said CD player”
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
6
Engineering Functions
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
7
What Do Engineers Do?
 Ways to get information about careers:
– Visit job fairs
– Attend seminars on campus by various
employers
– Contact faculty with knowledge of engineering
fields
– Get an intern or co-op position
– Enroll in an engineering elective course
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
8
What Engineers Do
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
9
EF: Research
 Research engineers are knowledgeable in
principles of chemistry, biology, physics,
and mathematics
 Computer know-how is also recommended
 A Masters Degree is almost always
required, and a Ph. D is often strongly
recommended
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
10
EF:Development
 Development engineers bridge the gap
between the laboratory and the production
facility
 They also identify problems in a potential
product
 An example is the development of concept
cars for companies like Ford and GM
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
11
EF:Testing
 Testing engineers are responsible for testing
the durability and reliability of a product,
making sure that it performs how it is
supposed to, every time. T.E.s simulate
instances and environments in which a
product would be used
 Crash testing of a vehicle to observe effects
of an air bag and crumple zone are
examples of a testing engineer’s duties
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
12
EF: Design
 Design aspect is where largest number of
engineers are employed
 Design engineers often work on
components of a product, providing all the
necessary specifics needed to successfully
manufacture the product
 Design engineers regularly use computer
design software as well as computer aided
drafting software in their jobs
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
13
EF: Design
 Design engineers must also verify that the
part meets reliability and safety standards
required for the product
 A concern always on the mind of design
engineers is how to keep the development
of a part cost effective, which is taken into
account during a design process
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
14
EF: Analysis
 Analysis engineers use computational tools
and mathematic models to enrich the work
of design and research engineers
 Analysis engineers typically have a mastery
of: heat transfer, fluid flow, vibrations,
dynamics, acoustics, and many other system
characteristics
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
15
EF: Systems
 Responsible on a larger scale for bringing
together components of parts from design
engineers to make a complete product
 Responsible for making sure all components
of a product work together as was intended
by design engineers
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
16
EF: Manufacturing & Construction
 Work individually or in teams
 Responsible for “molding” raw materials
into finished product
 Maintain and keep records on equipment in
plant
 Help with design process to keep costs low
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
17
EF: Operations & Maintenance
 Responsible for maintaining production line
 Must have technical know-how to deal w/
problems
 Responsible for inspecting facility and
equipment, must be certified in various
inspection methods
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
18
EF: Technical Support
 Works between consumers and producers
 Not necessarily have in depth knowledge of
technical aspects of product
 Must have good interpersonal skills
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
19
EF: Customer Support
 Often have more of a technical knowledge
than Tech. Support, because they must be
able to work with basic customers
 Evaluate whether or not a current practice is
cost effective via feedback from customers
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
20
EF: Sales
 Sales engineers have technical background,
but are also able to communicate effectively
w/ customers
 Job market for sales engineers is growing,
due to the fact that products are becoming
more and more technically complex
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
21
EF: Consulting
 Are either self-employed, or work for a firm
that does not directly manufacture products
 Consulting engineers might be involved in
design, installation, and upkeep of a product
 Sometimes required to be a registered
professional engineer in the state where
he/she works
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
22
Engineering Majors
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
23
EM: Aerospace Engineering
 Previously known as aeronautical and
astronautical engineering
 First space flight Oct. 4, 1957 (Sputnik I)
 KEY WORDS:
– Aerodynamics: The study of the flow of air over a
streamlined surface or body.
– Propulsion engineers: develop quieter, more efficient,
and cleaner burning engines.
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
24
EM: Aerospace Engineering
 KEY WORDS:
– Structural engineers: use of new alloys,
composites, and other new materials to meet
design requirements of new spacecraft
– Control systems: systems used to operate
crafts
– Orbital mechanics: calculation of where to
place satellites using GPS
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
25
EM: Agricultural Engineering
 Concerned with finding ways to produce
food more efficiently
 KEY WORDS
– Harvesting Equip. - removes crops from field,
and begins processing of food
– Structures: used to hold crops, feed, and
livestock; Agricultural engineers develop and
design the structures that hold crops
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
26
EM: Agricultural Engineering
 Food process engineers: concerned with
making healthier processed food products
 Soil/Water Resources: working to develop
efficient ways to use limited resources
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
27
EM: Architectural Engineering
 Structural: primarily concerned with the
integrity of the building structure.
Evaluates loads placed on buildings, and
makes sure the building is structurally
sound
 Mechanical systems: control climate of
building, as well as humidity and air quality
(HVAC)
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
28
EM: Biomedical
 First recognized in 1940’s
 Three basic categories: Bioengineering, Medical,
and Clinical
 Bioengineering is application of engineering
principles to biological systems
 Medical engineers develop instrumentation for
medical uses
 Clinical engineers develop systems that help serve
the needs of hospitals and clinics
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
29
EM: Chemical
 Emphasizes the use of chemistry and
chemical processes in engineering
 Chemical engineers develop processes to
extract and refine crude oil and gas
resources
 Chemical engineers also develop circuit
boards, and work in the pharmaceutical
industry, where processes are designed to
create new, affordable drugs
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
30
EM : Civil Engineering
 First seen in pyramids of Egypt
 Structural engineers most common type of
civil engineer
 Transportation engineers concerned w/
design and construction of highways,
railroads, and mass transit systems
 Surveyors start construction process by
locating property lines and property areas
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
31
EM : Computer Engineering
 Focuses primarily on computer hardware,
not software
 Work w/ electrical engineers to develop
faster ways to transfer information, and to
run the computer
 Responsible for the “architecture” of the
computer system
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
32
EM : Electrical Engineering
 More engineers are electrical than any other
discipline
 With an ever growing technological society,
electrical engineers will ALWAYS have a
job
 Work in communications, microelectronics,
signal processing, bioengineering, etc
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
33
EM : Environmental Engineering
 Often coupled with Civil Engineering
 3 aspects of environmental engineering:
– Disposal: disposing of industrial/residential
waste products
– Remediation: clean up of a contaminated site
– Prevention: working with corporations to
reduce and/or prevent emissions and work to
find ways to “recycle” products to be used
again to reduce waste
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
34
EM : Industrial Engineering
 “Design, improvement, and installation of
integrated systems of people, material, and
energy”
 Emphasis placed on: Production, Manufacturing,
Human Factors Area, and Operations Research
 Production focuses on plant layout, scheduling,
and quality control
 Human Factors focuses on the efficient placement
of human resources within a plant/facility
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
35
EM : Marine and Ocean Engineering
 Concerned with the design, development, and
operation of ships and boats
 Marine engineer designs and maintains the
systems that operate ships, I.e. propulsion,
communication, steering and navigation
 Ocean engineer design and operates marine
equipment other than ships, such as submersibles.
O.E.s might also work on submarine pipelines
and/or cables and drilling platforms
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
36
EM : Materials Engineering
 Study the structure, as well as other
important properties of materials, i.e.
strength, hardness, and durability
 Run tests to ensure the quality of the
performance of the material
 Material Engineers also study metallurgy,
and the development of composites and
alloys
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
37
EM : Mechanical Engineering
 Concerned with machines and mechanical
devices
 Work in design, development, production,
control, and operation of machines/devices
 Requires a strong math and physics
background. Often 4 or more math classes
required for graduation
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
38
EM : Mining Engineering
 Work to maintain constant levels of raw
minerals used every day in industrial and
commercial settings
 Must discover, remove, process, and refine
such minerals
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
39
EM : Nuclear Engineering
 Most concerned with producing and
harnessing energy from nuclear sources
 Propulsion and electricity are the main uses
of nuclear power
 Engineers also responsible for disposal of
the nuclear waste byproduct, and how to
keep people safe from harmful nuclear
products
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
40
EM : Petroleum Engineering
 Discover, remove, refine, and transport
crude and refined oil around the world
 PE’s design and operate the machinery used
to refine crude oil into its many forms
Pengantar Teknik Elektro, Sukiswo, ST, MT
41