Transcript REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: THEIR EVOLUTIONS IN LATIN …

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: THEIR
EVOLUTION IN LATIN AMERICAN AND
THE CARIBBEAN
David A. Novelo
OBJECTIVES
 To understand the missions of different regional
organizations in the LAC area .
 To become familiar with the Unidad Humanitaria de
Rescate de America Central (UHR; C.A. Humanitarian Unit
of Search and Rescue).
 To learn about specific regional issues for disaster
reduction and mitigation.
 To understand the importance of coordination and
communication between the national, regional, bilateral,
and international organizations before and during natural
disasters.
 To learn about the evolution of emergency operations
centers in LAC.
REGIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The Caribbean Disaster Emergency
Response Agency (CDERA)
 Inter-governmental
regional disaster
management organization
established in 1991 by an
Agreement of Heads of
Government of the
Caribbean Community
(CARICOM).
 The Headquarters are
located in Barbados.
CDERA: 16 Participating
States









Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
British Virgin Islands
Dominica
Grenada
Guyana
 Jamaica
 Montserrat
 Republic of Saint
Christopher and Nevis
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines
 Trinidad and Tobago
CDERA: FUNCTIONS
Main Function:
 To make an immediate and coordinated response to any disastrous
event affecting any Participating State, once the state requests such
assistance.
Other Functions:
 
Securing, collating and channelling to interested governmental
and non-governmental organizations, comprehensive and reliable
information on disasters affecting the region.
 
Mitigating or eliminating as far as possible, the consequences of
disasters affecting Participating States.
 
Establishing and maintaining on a sustainable basis, adequate
disaster response capabilities among Participating States.
 
Mobilizing and coordinating disaster relief from governmental
and non-governmental organizations for affected Participating States.
CDERA: RECENT ACTIVITIES
 While the present focus of the
Agency is on Disaster
Preparedness and Response,
its current activities address
issues relevant to all phases
of the Disaster cycle:
 Preparedness
 Response
 Recovery
 Rebuilding
 Prevention
 Mitigation
CEPREDENAC
LEGAL STATUTES:
Signed in
Guatemala, 29
October, 1993, by
the Foreign Affairs
Ministers of: Costa
Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Nicaragua and
Panama.
CEPREDENAC: Objectives
CEPREDENAC will promote and
coordinate the international cooperation,
exchange of information, experience, and
technology contributing to the process of
decision- making for natural disaster
reduction and prevention in the Central
American region.
CEPREDENAC: POLITICAL
REGIONAL FRAMEWORK
SIGNED DURING THE SUMMIT OF CENTRAL
AMERICAN PRESIDENTS IN GUATEMALA, OCTOBER,
1999.
AGREEMENT No. 1:

To adopt the Strategic Framework for Disaster Vulnerability
Reduction in Central America that will be part of the development
process in the region for next millenium...
This Strategic Framework, that is integral part of the present
Declaration, will the basis for the preparation and development of
regional plans related to Disaster Vulnerability Reduction; Integrated
Management and Conservation of Water Resources; and Prevention
and Control of Forest Wildfires.
CEPREDENAC: REGIONAL PLAN
FOR DISASTER REDUCTION
Plan Básico
CEPREDENAC
Estrategias
Sectoriales
Planes
Nacionales
Fortalecimiento
Institucional
Información e
Investigación
Agricultura
(CAC)
Recursos Hidraúlicos
(CRRH)
Sistema de Alerta
Temprana y
Planes Específicos
Estretegias
Sectoriales
Educación
(CECC)
Transportes
(COMITRAN)
Fortalecimiento
de Capacidades
Locales
Asistencia Mutua
en Situaciones
de Desastres
Energía
(CEAC)
Nutrición
(INCAP)
Vivienda
(CCVAH)
Salud
(OPS)
Comunitario / Local
(Red Comunitaria)
Anexos
Institucionales
Guatemala
El Salvador
Honduras
Nicaragua
Costa Rica
Panamá
PREANDINO: Bolivia, Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela
 Andean Regional Program
for Risk Prevention and
Mitigation.
 GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
 To promote and support
the formulation of national
and sectorial policies for
risk prevention and
mitigation and the
development of programs
oriented to incorporate
the concept of prevention
in institutional
organizations.
PREANDINO: ACTIVITIES
 Permanent teams that work for disaster prevention at the
regional level.
 Mechanisms of regional cooperation.
 Processes for the exchange of information and experiences
among member countries.
 Administrative mechanisms with financial resources to
support a package of programs and projects.
 Training of public officials for the preparation of projects.
 Regional Master Plan for institutional strenghtening and
regional policy.
 National and regional projects for institutional
strengthtening as well as for risk prevention and
mitigation.
PREANDINO: STRATEGIC
AREAS
 Knowledge of natural
phenomena and their
effects.
 Water, sanitation, and
health. Agriculture,
cattle raising, fishering,
and land.
 Transport and energy.
Urban Development,
housing and
infrastructure.
 Economy.
PREANDINO, RISK PREVENTION
AND MITIGATION: GOALS
 General National Plans for Risk Prevention and Mitigation
for each country member.
 National Sectorial Plans.
 Regional Plan for horizontal cooperation on risk reduction.
 Development of territorial plans in each country.
 Incorporation of risk prevention in national, sectorial and
territorial plans.
 Consolidation of the institutional organization for risk
prevention and mitigation at the national, sectorial and
territorial level.
CERESIS: Centro Regional de Sismología para
América del Sur (Regional Center for
Seismology in South America)
 International Organism
created in 1966 by agreement
between the government of
Peru and the United Nations
Education, Science and
Culture Organization
(UNESCO).
 PURPOSE: To facilitate all
kind of seismological studies
and activities in the South
American region as well as to
act as a link between
seismological institutions
from the region and the
international seismic centers.
 HEADQUARTERS: Lima, Peru.
CERESIS: COUNTRY MEMBERS
At present, 11 countries are
members: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil,
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay,
Perú, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay
and Venezuela.
The agreement is open for the
incorporation of other countries with
a real interest in the South American
Seismology.
CERESIS: SOME RECENT
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Project: “Seismic Reinforcement of Adobe Housing in
the Andean Region”.
 Updating of the Regional Seismic Catalog and
preparation of the first Regional Map of Probalistic
Seismic Hazard.
 Organization and/or participation in Seminars and
Simposia in the following themes: Seismic Risk,
Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Urban Seismic
Microzonation, Earthquakes, Risk and Insurance,
Seismic Prediction, Spatial Technology for Seismic
and Geodynamic Process, Andean Tectonics, etc.
UNIDAD REGIONAL HUMANITARIA Y
DE RESCATE DE AMERICA CENTRAL
(CENTRAL AMERICAN HUMANITARIAN
UNIT OF SEARCH AND RESCUE)
CFAC:La Conferencia de Fuerzas Armadas
Centroamericanas (Conference of Armed Forces
for Central America)
Country Members
 The Presidents of Guatemala, El
Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua,
as Generals of the Central
American Armed Forces, created
on November 12, 1997, the
Conference of Armed Forces for
Central America “CFAC”
CFAC: Coordination and
Objectives
 It operates under the Central American Integration System
(SICA).
 It is important the coordination of activities with civil
society because the C.A. Armed forces are integral part of
society to promote peace, democracy and sustainable
development in Central America.
 CFAC was formed to contribute to security, development,
and militar integration of the region; to estimulate a
permanent and systematic effort for cooperation,
coordination, and mutual support among the national
armed forces; to perform collegiated studies of common
interest; and to provide an optimal defense against threats
to democracy, peace, and freedom.
Unidad Humanitaria y de Rescate (UHRCFAC: Humanitarian Unit of Search and
Rescue)
 Created in 2000.
 Mission: To carry out
humanitarian operations of
rescue in any Central
American country affected
by a natural or man-made
disasters, with the purpose
of saving and protecting
human life and mitigate
the effects of disasters.
Unidad Humanitaria y de Rescate
(UHR-CFAC): Organization
 A Commander from the
Unity.
 Minor unities of engineers
and physicians.
 A technical unity of search
and rescue.
 A support unity: logistics,
militar
police,
communications, etc.
Unidad Humanitaria y de Rescate
(UHR-CFAC): Recent Activities
 During the “hemorragic dengue
epidemic” occurred in El Salvador
in october 2000, the UHR-CFAC
units
from
Gautemala
and
Nicaragua were activated and
jointly with the Salvadorian unit,
worked
to
erradicate
the
transmission of dengue and
mitigate the effects of this
epidemic.
 During
the
El
Salvador
earthquakes that occurred in
January, 2001, the UHR-CFAC
unit of Guatemala and Nicaragua
collaborated with the El Salvador
unit to mitigate the effects of these
earthquakes.
Unidad Humanitaria y de Rescate
(UHR-CFAC): Importance
 The integration of the C.A. Armed Forces to the National Emergency
Systems significantly improves the response of the countries in a
national or regional emergency because UHR-CFAC has permanent
human and material resources as well as a mechanism to react
immediately to emergencies.
 For Central America, the creation of UHR-CFAC to support affected
communities by disasters in the region, is an element of human
solidarity, cooperation and mutual trust that allows stability and
promotes the integration process of Central American countries.
REGIONAL ISSUES FOR
DISASTER PREVENTION AND
MITIGATION
RIO GROUP
 The Governments of Argentina,
Brasil, Colombia, Mexico,
Panama, Peru, Uruguay and
Venezuela adopted the Rio de
Janeiro Declaration on 18
December 1986, to create a
Permanent Mechanism for
Political Consulting and
Concertation - Grupo de Río.
RIO GROUP: New Members
 In the framework of the IV Summit of the Rio Group, held
in Caracas, Venezuela, October, 1990, Chile, Ecuador,
Bolivia and Paraguay were incorporated, as well as a
representative from the Caribbean Community
(CARICOM) and Central America. Since 2000, Costa Rica,
El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and
Dominican Republic were integrated as full members.
RIO GROUP: AD-HOC WORKING GROUP FOR
TECHNICAL COOPERATION IN NATURAL
DISASTER PREVENTION AND RESPONSE
 This Working Group was created during the XIII Assembly held in Mexico,
28-29 May, 1999.
 Proposed Actions
 1. Designing and adopting public national politics on disaster prevention, early
warning, emergency, mitigation, re-habilitation and re-construction, by
strengthtening or re-structuring the national systems.
 2. Implementation of policies, actions and projects on natural disaster
prevention in a perspective that takes in consideration the national strategies
for development such that the results must have social, economical and
cultural benefits to country members.
 3. Preparation of a regional directory of especialized national organisms and
institutions responsible for regional cooperation as well as an inventory of
national capacities, including civil society, for prevention, early warning,
emergency, mitigation, re-habilitation and re-construction.
RIO GROUP: AD-HOC WORKING GROUP FOR TECHNICAL
COOPERATION IN NATURAL DISASTER PREVENTION AND
RESPONSE: Proposed Actions
 4. Review of established regional structures to respond to natural disasters with the
purpose of consolidating these structures as tools for designing common strategies.
 5. Analysis of the need to maintain a global framework for continuing coordinating the
area of disaster vulnerability reduction within the United Nations Organization,
privileging the perspective of risk reduction.
 6. Promote in universities and specialized institutions research related to the effects of
natural phenomena with the potential of causing disasters; apply scientific and technical
knowledge to natural disaster prevention and mitigation; promote regional information
exchange.
 7. Training of officials and specialists in natural disaster prevention, early warning,
emergency, mitigation, re-habilitation, and re-construction.
 8. Strengthening of programs related to social communication for vulnerabilty and risk
reduction with the pupose of creating a culture of prevention.
ASSOCIATION OF
CARIBBEAN STATES
 The ACS has a membership
that includes all the
independent island states
and all mainland countries
bordering the Caribbean
Sea, from Mexico in the
northwest to French
Guiana in the southeast.
The Dutch speaking islands
and the French Caribbean
departments are also
Associate Members.
 There are 25 full Member
States and 15 Observer
Countries.
ACS: Special Committee on Natural
Disasters Preparedness and Response.
 The ACS has a regional agreement for cooperation in the management of natural
disasters. Countries are working to develop cooperation projects in natural disaster
preparedness and response.
 This Special Committees meet at least once a
year to make recommendations to the Ministerial
Council.
GRUPO DE LOS TRES (GROUP OF THREE:
COLOMBIA, MEXICO, VENEZUELA)
Their combined population is about
32% of the total in Latin America
and the Caribbean.
The Agreement was signed January,
1995.
GRUPO DE ALTO NIVEL (GROUP OF HIGH
LEVEL; GAN): Disaster Prevention and Response
 This GAN was proposed in Caracas, Venezuela, 7-8
April 2001, with the purpose of exchanging
information and experiences and establishing a
coordination with national authorities and a regional
mechanism to attend emergency situations in
country members. The GAN was installed January,
2002.
G3-GAN: Disaster Prevention and
Response: Future Actions.
 a.
To establish a network for exchanging information from
Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela, with the purpose of integrating an
inventory of experiences from natural disaster prevention, response
and mitigation.
 b.
To promote the exchange of experiences and the training of
human resources for prevention, early warning, emergency and
mitigation.
 c.
To promote a culture of prevention.
 d.
To exchange experiences in networks of early warning systems.
 e.
To establish a data base including: a directory of civil protection
institutions, disaster prevention and academics; an inventory of
capacities and needs; hazards and risk maps; and a glosary of terms
for civil protection and disaster prevention.
 f.
To exchange information about procedures for assigning
financial resources to national disasters.
ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS):
UNIT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND
ENVIRONMENT
 Since 1983 the Unit, through
its Natural Hazards project,
has been providing technical
support to reduce
vulnerability to natural
hazards and thus avoid
disasters or mitigate their
effects. Its activities include
assistance with policy
formulation, hazard and
vulnerability assessments,
training in disaster
mitigation techniques, and
formulation of mitigation
measures for development
of investment projects.
OAS: Inter-American Committee for
Reduction of Natural Disasters (IACNDR)
 MISSION: to strengthen OAS disaster planning and management
activities to better deal with natural disasters affecting the
Hemisphere. The working group involve active participation of
multilateral, hemispheric and international agencies as well as
major government and non-governmental organizations engaged
in the disaster management.
 The IACNDR is chaired by the General Secretary of the OAS and
comprise the Chair of the Permanent Council, the Assistant
Secretary General of the OAS, the President of the Inter American
Development Bank (IDB), the General Director of the Pan
American Health Organization (PAHO), the General Secretary of
the Pan-American Institute of Geography and History (PAIGH),
the General Director of the Inter-American Institute for
Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), and the Executive Secretary of
the Inter American Council for Integral Development (CIDI).
OAS: Inter-American Committee for
Natural Disasters Reduction (IACNDR)
 The principal task of the IACNDR shall be to serve
as the Organization's leading forum for
discussion of issues related to natural disasters,
in coordination with the competent national
organizations; in this regard, the IACNDR shall
provide the Permanent Council with strategic
thinking, recommendations on initiatives related
to natural disasters, and advice on methods of
financing them, paying special attention to
policies and programs designed to reduce the
vulnerability of member states to natural
disasters.
PLAN PUEBLA-PANAMA
(PPP)
 Supported by an Inter Institutional Group: Central American Bank for
Economical Integration (BCIE); Inter American Development Bank (IDB);
Economical Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (CEPAL).
 The objetive is to maximize the human and ecological richness of the
Mesoamerican region, within a framework of sustainable development that
considers the cultural and ethnic diversity. For these reasons, an integral
strategy for the region with a package of mesoamerican initiatives and
projects are considered.
PPP: MESOAMERICAN INITIATIVE FOR
DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION: TWO
ACTIONS
 1. Adoption of disaster risk reduction as an element of the
strategy for regional development which should be
incorporated in all sectorial projects. Specifically, it is
recommended that the formulation of projects should
consider the vulnerability and impact of such projects to
incorporate actions and resources to reduce present and to
avoid future risks.
 2. Implementación of three projects:
Development of the insurance market for disasters.
Public conscienciation for disaster prevention.
Hidrometeorologic information for competitivity.
COORDINATION BEFORE
AND DURING NATURAL
DISASTERS
DISASTER CYCLE
DISASTER
EMERGENCY
REHABILIT
ATION
RE-CONSTRUCTION
PREPAR
EDNESS
PREVENTION
Coordination in Transnational
and National Disasters
Consist in the organized work to
establish relationships of intra
regional cooperation among the
countries of a region and the
international community in
response to the principle of human
solidarity in disaster situations.
SEVERAL ACTORS DURING NATIONAL
AND TRANSNATIONAL DISASTERS
Security Council of
United Nations
Donor Countries
Agencies & Programs
from United Nations
Regional
Organizations
AFECTTED COUNTRY
NGOs
Humanitarian
Armed
Forces
International
Organizations
Mutual Assistance Mechanisms in
Disaster Situations are Important
To establish the concrete action
framework for coordination of the
international humanitarian
assistance and for horizontal
cooperation among the countries
from a determined region.
CONSIDERATIONS FOR
INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE
 Humanitarian Assistance Resources can be
requested by the affected country bilaterally, to a
group of regional countries or in the framework of
international effort.
 Humanitarian Assistance Operations are
responsability of the affected country.
 Nature and extension of Humanitarian operations
are defined by the affected country.
 In some cases there are Protocols that activate and
coordinate the regional and international
cooperation.
MECHANISMS OF REGIONAL COORDINATION
IN CENTRAL AMERICA
Regional Manual of Chancelleries
(completed and valided by C.A
countries in 2001).
Regional Manual of Coordination in
Disaster Situations (completed and
validates by C.A. Countries in 2001).
MECHANISMS OF REGIONAL COORDINATION
IN CENTRAL AMERICA
OBJECTIVES
 To establish a transparent mechanism for joint action in
disaster prevention, mitigation and response by means of a
coordinated cooperation of Central American countries for
humanitarian assistance.
To Establish a rapid and efficient mechanism for natural
disaster response in one or several affected countries.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
CENTERS
Risk Management in Latin America and the
Caribbean: Characteristics
*Weak Planification.
*Regulation Framework
generally obsolete.
*Responsible Institution not
coordinated as System.
Lack of
adequate
national
mechanisms
for disaster
prevention
and response
Present Conditions increase Vulnerability
Population
increase
Meteorological
and Geological
Hazards
INADEQUATE LAND USE
INCREASE OF
RISK AND
VULNERABILITY
Changes of
Economical
Processes
Institutionality in Latin América
and the Caribbean
 Created (most of them) after a great disaster with
the purpose of improving the response in future
disasters.
 Most of them created under the concept of
“response” with a low impact in Mitigation and
Prevention.
 Recent developments have allowed to include
prevention and mitigation as part of their Agenda
but without important changes in their structures.
In some cases, this situation is the cause of low
efficiency in both, prevention and response.
Other Problems
 Highly centralized institutions.
 Low distribution of responsabilities within the
Government´s structure.
 In most cases prevention is considered as a problem
for technical and scientific institutions.
 Organisms with low budget for operation and low
technical capacity.
 Null participation of the private, financial and
insurance sectors.
Recent developments in
Institucionality
Countries and Regions have initiated the
identification of adequate Models and
Systems jointly with the International
Cooperation and their Regional Organisms
(ANDEAN GROUP, CEPREDENAC, CDERA,
SOUTH CONE, etc).
There have been important developments
on the regional Political, Technical and
Social Framework.
POSSIBLE FUTURE AREAS OF
COOPERATION
 Promotion of Mechanisms for Regional Integration and/or
strengthening of existing mechanisms for disaster
prevention and response.
 Development of Programs for regional monitoring of
meteorological and geological phenomena of potential
great impact.
 Strengthening of regional institutionality for prevention,
preparedness and response.
 Promotion to incorporate risk reduction as a national
priority in sustainable development programs.
 Promotion of greater participation of Civil Society.
 Promotion of Programs for social organization (from the
community level).
 Development of a Regional Information System for
decision-making.
GRACIAS!