Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 1 – Meet Three of Canada’s First Nations
Canada: Your perspective
1.
What makes Canada unique?
2. Create a list of the top ten things that make Canada
special to you.
3. Create a list of the top ten things that you would like
to see changed in Canada.
Canada: The Native People
 Three major groups of natives inhabited Eastern
Canada at the time of European contact with North
America: the Mi’kmaq, the Anishinabe, and the
Haudenosaunee.
 Approx. 200, 000 natives in Canada at that time, with
each group having lifestyles suited to their
environment.
 Each group was unique: different types of life; how
they chose their leaders; the rules they made and
enforced; and how each group coped with change after
European contact.
Society
Identify
Identify
examples of how
examples of
the society used
technologies
the land
that the society
used
farmed fresh Snowshoes
water fish in Taba’gan
man-made
- Canoes
pools
-
Mi’kmaq
-
Hunting
Weaving
mattresses
from
branches
SEASONAL
CAMPS:
changed
locations
with
seasons
Identify
Identify
Identify
examples of how examples of the examples of the
the society made role of women in role of men in
decisions
decision making decision making
-
-
7 districts
SAQAMAW
: chosen by
the Council
of Elders
Grand
Council
with 7
Saqamaws
-
-
-
had NO say in decision
makings
Could sit in
on
meetings &
listen
Cooking
Weaving
Could
participate
in meeting
if “man”
Society
Anishinabe
(North of the
Great Lakes)
Identify
Identify
examples of how
examples of
the society used
technologies
the land
that the society
used
Hunted deer Arrows
Fished/Harpo Canoes
oned
Harpoons
sturgeon
Syrup
Gathered
skimmers
berries,
Wampum
plants, wild
belts
rice
Animal hides
Made maple Knockers &
syrup
Polers
SUMMER & Dome shaped
WINTER
structures
CAMPS (near Fishing nets
water in
Summer,
inland during
Winter)
Identify
Identify
Identify
examples of how examples of the examples of the
the society made role of women in role of men in
decisions
decision making decision making
- gathered food
- DODEMS:
- hunted & fished
different clans
- only men could
with different
become Ogimuah
responsibilities
- Each dodem had
MEN & WOMEN COULD SIT
a OGIMUAH
IN ON MEETINGS &
-Ogimuah was
PARTICIPATE IN DECISION
chosen by
MAKING
consensus
Men & women could be a
- Medewin
part of the Medewin
Society: secret
society
society with
spiritual leaders
Society
Identify
Identify
Identify
Identify
Identify
examples of how
examples of
examples of how examples of the examples of the
the society used
technologies the society made role of women in role of men in
the land
that the society
decisions
decision making decision making
used
- farmed the 3
sisters (corn,
beans, squash)
- Gathered
roots & berries
- PERMANENT
Haudenosaunee SETTLEMENT
(South of the - hunt
St Lawrence - collected
River)
maple sap
- fish heads to
fertilize soil
LONGHOUSES
- mocassins
- wampum belts
- corn baskets
- weapons
- mattresses
- syrup
skimmers
- HOYANEH :
chosen by the
CLAN
MOTHERS
- Grand Council
made up of 50
members who
made decisions
for the
Confederacy
- Great Law of
Peace
- Alliances
- teach sowing
- plant &
tended crops
- clan mothers:
chose & could
remove leaders
- hunt
- making tools
- find new lands
when necessary
- hoyaneh
MEN & WOMEN COULD SIT IN
ON MEETINGS & PARTICIPATE IN
DECISION MAKING
What were alliances?
 Agreements made amongst people to support one
another and to work together.
 The First Nations made alliances to :
 Secure trade agreements
 Defence
 To make peace
 To pool their resources
Characteristics of Leaders
 Must be a good listener. Leaders had to gather input from several sources
before they made their final decisions. Decisions affect people in different
ways so it was very important for them to consider all points of view.
 Must have an open mind and an open heart. Leaders must not let their own
personal beliefs be the main contributing factor when making a decision.
 Must be respectful of everyone and everything. Leaders must lead by
example.
 Must be trustworthy. When people trust you, they will follow you.
 Must consider what is best for everyone. They think about the group as
whole, not just certain individuals.
 Must be knowledgeable and wise.
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Hunted/gathered resources from land
-
Consensus: decisions made through discussion
-
Leaders were men
-
Used technology to make life easier
-
Men hunted, fished
-
Women gathered, cooked
-
No accumulation of wealth
-
Leaders had authority by agreement, not force
-
Leaders chosen, not elected
-
Made alliances
-
Spiritual = belief in Creator
Mi’Kmaq
- Changed locations with seasons
- Leader (Saqamaw) chosen by Council of Elders
- Women could listen, but not participate in meetings
Anishinabe
- Harvested wild rice
- Had summer & winter camps
- Had dodems with different responsibilities
- Medewin society made up of men & women
- Leader (Ogimuah) chosen by consensus of dodems
- Women could participate in decision making
Haudenosaunee
- Permanent settlements
- Farmed crops
- Leader (Hayoneh) chosen by clan mothers
- Women could participate in decision making