Transcript Slide 1

1991 – 2011: A 20 Year History of Biofuels policy and
the impact on the Recreational Marine Industry
Biofuels
Jeff R. Wasil BRP U.S Inc.
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42
140
35
Gasoline plus ethanol
consumption
132
28
124
21
116
14
108
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
148
7
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
0
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
% Ethanol in Gasoline Pool
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
100
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
1991 - 2001
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
RFS-II Quantities
% ethanol in gasoline pool
2
J.Wasil
Source: Energy Information Administration
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Clean Air Act 1990 Mandated the
use of oxygenates (MTBE) for
reformulated fuels in nonattainment areas starting in 1995
140
132
35
28
124
21
116
14
MTBE Production
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0
1994
100
1993
7
1992
108
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
42
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
1995
148
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
3
J.Wasil
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
42
35
132
28
124
21
116
14
MTBE Production
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0
1994
100
1993
7
1992
108
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
MTBE Phase-out begins
140
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
1995 - 2001
148
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
4
J.Wasil
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
0
2004
100
2003
7
2002
108
2001
14
2000
116
1999
21
1998
124
1997
28
1996
132
1995
35
1994
140
1993
42
1992
148
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2001 - 2005
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
5
J.Wasil
42
140
35
Energy Policy Act 2005 (RFS-I)
132
28
124
21
116
14
108
7
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
148
RFS-I Ethanol Quantity
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
100
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2005
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
RFS-I
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J.Wasil
42
140
35
In 2006 ethanol production
exceeded RFS quantity
132
28
124
21
Production exceeded the
mandate
116
14
108
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
148
7
RFS-I Ethanol Quantity
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
100
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2006
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
RFS-I
7
J.Wasil
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
0
2002
100
2001
7
2000
108
1999
14
1998
116
1997
21
1996
124
1995
28
1994
132
1993
35
1992
140
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
42
Energy Independence and Security
Act of 2007 (RFS-II)
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2007
148
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
RFS-I
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
MTBE Production
8
J.Wasil
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
140
35
132
28
124
21
116
14
RFS-II Biofuels Quantity
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
0
1994
100
1993
7
1992
108
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
42
Energy Independence and Security
Act of 2007 (RFS-II)
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2007
148
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
9
J.Wasil
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Global Financial Crisis
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
0
2001
100
2000
7
1999
108
1998
14
1997
116
1996
21
1995
124
1994
28
1993
132
1992
35
Fuel Ethanol Production, Renewable
Fuel Mandate and % ethanol in
gasoline pool
42
140
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2007 – 2011
148
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
10
J.Wasil
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Global Financial Crisis
35
132
28
124
21
116
14
% Ethanol in Gasoline Pool = 10%
7
108
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
100
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
42
140
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2007 - 2011
148
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
11
J.Wasil
US Gasoline + Ethanol Consumption 1991 - 2011 and Renewable Fuels Standard
(RFS-II) Total Renewable Fuel Requirements through 2022
[Billion gallons per year]
Global Financial Crisis
35
132
28
124
21
116
14
% Ethanol in Gasoline Pool = 10%
7
108
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
0
1992
100
Fuel Ethanol Production,
Renewable Fuel Mandate and %
ethanol in gasoline pool
42
140
1991
Gasoline plus Ethanol Consumption
2007 - 2011
148
Year
Gasoline plus ethanol consumption
RFS-II Quantities
MTBE Production
Fuel Ethanol Consumption
% ethanol in gasoline pool
12
J.Wasil
The US Market was saturated with
ethanol in 2010. The industry cannot
continue to grow beyond that of exports.
5. Solutions
– Solutions:
• Quickly start consuming more gasoline (ridiculous)
• Realign the RFS to match the new fuel demand
reality (unlikely - does nothing to address the
growth of the ethanol industry)
• Raise the amount of ethanol allowed in gasoline
(E15 waiver request granted – source of much
debate, will cause issues)
• Explore other alternative fuels that can better
satisfy the RFS volumes without affecting millions
of existing engines
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J.Wasil
Isobutanol Testing Update
Isobutanol Testing Update
Jeff R. Wasil BRP U.S Inc.
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NMMA/ABYC Butanol Study
Table 2: Engine Specifications
Figure 2. 24’ SeaDoo Challenger boat with
215 HP Rotax engine
Evaluate isobutanolextended fuel over
summer boating
season (50 hrs)
Figure 1. 18’ Mako boat with 175 HP
Evinrude Direct Fuel Injection Outboard
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J.Wasil
Argonne / DOE Marine Testing
• A formal and rigorous test program has been
established with Argonne National Laboratory
with over sight from the U.S. Department of
Energy
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–
–
–
Expanded field testing
Laboratory emissions and performance evaluations
Engine durability assessments Products from several
marine engine and
Oil tribology investigation
boat manufacturers
included in the test
program
Portable Emissions Equipment Installed in Boat
J.Wasil
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Field Emissions Testing
Volvo-Penta 5.7 Closed-loop catalyst – Almar Boat
1999 OMC Johnson Conventional Carbureted
2-stroke (AKA, “Old Smokey”) Intruder Boat
Boats baseline tested
in May, operated for
50 hours on butanol
and tested again in
September
J.Wasil
Indmar 6.0L Closed-loop catalyst – Malibu Ski
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Boat
Field Testing
• Boats accumulated 50 hours operating on B16
fuel
• Pre and post season emissions evaluated on
three fuels on each boat: E0, E10 and B16
• No engine runability, startability or durability
issues reported during the 50 hour evaluation
period.
• For each boat tested, emissions between E10
and B16 were virtually the same
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J.Wasil
Field Testing Emissions
• Example Boat #1 Normalized Data
Similar emissions
between E10 and B16
THC
NOx
E0
CO
E10
CO2
B16
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J.Wasil
Lab emissions and durabity
• Laboratory emissions testing and full-life
durability testing
At the end of the testing,
the engines will be torn
down and inspected
350 Hours on E10
(Control)
350 Hours on B16
(Test)
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J.Wasil
Lab engine emissions
• Example Laboratory Baseline Emissions Data
(normalized)
Similar emissions
between E10 and B16
THC
NOx
E0
CO
E10
CO2
B16
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Durability Barge Testing
• Engine Undergoing 350 hour durability testing
on 16% isobutanol-extended fuel
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Oil Tribology
• Oil Tribology refers to the study of friction,
wear, lubrication and contact mechanics
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J.Wasil
E15 NREL Report
• Damaged rod bearing at 235 hours operated on E15.
• Gasoline (E15) and oil is mixed in two-stroke engine.
Impact of E15 on solvency and lubricity of oil is unknown.
Undamaged rod
and bearing
Damaged rod
and bearing from
E15 engine
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J.Wasil
• Oil Tribology Tests:
–
–
–
–
Oil Tribology Tests
Unidirectional sliding (connecting rods, crank)
Reciprocating sliding (Pistons, rings)
Four ball (Bearings)
Three fuels tested E0, E10, B16 at increasing fuel/oil
dilution ratios
– Yamaha 150HP four stroke engine used to develop oil
dilution test methodology
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J.Wasil
Tribology Results
• Preliminary Oil Tribology Data indicates similar
friction and wear with fuel dilution from E0, E10
and B16
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J.Wasil
Conclusion
• Conclusion:
– Largest and most comprehensive recreational marine
study using an advanced biofuel other than ethanol
– Cooperation and participation from across the industry
– Program is going very well to date – more testing to be
conducted, but results so far indicate that butanol is a
much better fuel with properties more similar to that of
gasoline.
– Opportunity to influence National biofuels policy
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J.Wasil
Questions?
Thank You
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J.Wasil