Transcript TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCEMENT OF E

ECONOMIC & FINANCIAL CRIMES
COMMISSION, NIGERIA
ICT AND Economic Crime
BY
David Wodi Tukura, PhD
Director, Policy, Planning & Strategy
EFCC
Paper presented at IPSON
22nd October, 2013
OUTLINE

OUR CONTEXT

OUR STRATEGY


TRENDS
WAY FORWARD
OUR CONTEXT

Introduction of modern technological tools to
commit crimes started in the mid 80s with the
entry of graduate criminals into Advance Fee
Fraud schemes. Local flavor was added to the
old ‘Spanish Prisoner’ scam

Their sophistication, ingenuity, knowledge of
official government procedures, current affairs,
legal terminologies, good command of
language etc. led to the proliferation of
contract, fund transfer, crude oil, precious
minerals and black money scams
OUR CONTEXT

They introduced structure and shared roles
for group members. The modern conmen
were organized

NITEL digital land & fax lines, CDMA mobile
sets (Multilinks & Intercellular), wireless fax
(Skyview-O & Acclaim) were the primary
mode of communication with victims

The old Microsoft 286, 384 and 486 PC
systems came on board by the late 80s.
NITEL fixed digital lines provided expensive
access to the Internet
OUR CONTEXT

Regular mailing of scam solicitation letters was
replaced by e-mails. Internet provided anonymity,
global reach, speed and cost effective
communication

Scammers honed their skills in Corel draw
applications, Photoshop etc. and no longer
required lithographic printing for scam
documents

Lagos (Island, Apapa, Festac, Ikeja, Isolo) was the
Operational Locale – hosting groups from Benin,
Enugu & Ibadan
OUR CONTEXT

By early 2000s, Nigerian scammers have become a
global phenomenon and economic threat making large
profit with little risks and investment

Our cyber criminals are however still low in technical
sophistication and high in social engineering. Local cyber
crimes are profit driven and mostly fraud related

No serious intrusion attacks on Public Key
Infrastructure has been recorded. We have not seen any
local virus, trojan or botnet. We have also not yet come
cross any genius cryptographer in Nigeria
OUR CONTEXT

Our criminals enjoy underserved
credit for using off the shelf voice
simulators, key loggers, skimmers &
embossers, anonymizers, spywares
etc.

Currently, mobile devices are the
primary tools of technological crimes,
while social media (face book,
twitter, myspace, chat forums etc.)
provide easy knowledge and target
OUR CONTEXT

There are over 110 million active Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM) &
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
wireless lines on an Internet capable 3.5
generation network

Over 500, 000 broad band modems are
currently being used for direct wireless
Internet access
OUR CONTEXT
Year
Users
Population
Percent
Usage
Source
2000
200,000
142,895,600
0.1 %
ITU
2006
5,000,000
159,404,137
3.1 %
ITU
2009
23,982,200
149,229,090
16.1 %
ITU
2011
45,039,711
155,215,573
26.5 %
ITU
OUR CONTEXT
Legal Framework:

Section 6 (b) of the Economic & Financial Crimes Commission
(Establishment) Act (2004) gave teeth to our fight against cyber crime,
computer credit card fraud etc.

Sections 12 and 13 of the Advance Fee Fraud and other Fraud Offences
Related Offences Act (2006) impose legal obligations on all
telecommunication and Internet Service Providers, Internet cafes and
other entities providing electronic communications and remote computing
service

Sections 84, 93 & 153 of the Evidence Act (2011) made adequate
provisions for documents produced by computer, electronic signature,
telegraphic & electronic messages
OUR STRATEGY

Intelligence

Disruption

Public Education

Enforcement

Forensics
TRENDS
TRENDS
CASE STUDY 1 -MIKE AMADI
OGBA,AGEGE
MIKE AMADI AKA NUHU RIBADU
EFCC
UK
GRAHAM
ROUSE
COMPLAINED
TO EFCC
AGENT
PROVACATEAUR AT
EFCC CYBERCRIME
UNIT UNDER THE
NAME OF FABIO
FAJANO
SUSPECT ARRESTED
THROUGH HIS SCAM
MAILS
2.5 MILLION DOLLARS CONTRACT SCAM WITH EFCC LOGO AND RIBADU’S
NAME TO MR GRAHAM ROUSE
LETTER PURPOTEDLY FROM NUHU RIBADU
USES HIS GSM NO AS RIBADU’S OFFICIAL DIRECT LINE
CREATED FAKE WEBSITE”WWW.EFCCNIGERIA.COM.
WEBSITE REGISTERED WITH REDIFF,INDIA
REGISTRANT OF DOMAIN IS PRINCE AMADI WITH A CALIFORNIAN ADDRESS
LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE
INCRIMINATING
ITEMS RECOVERED
FROM HIS ABODE AT
OGBA.
 MIKE AMADI CONVICTED TO 17
YEARS
INPRISONMENT
ON
25TH
MAY,2005.
 FIRST CYBERCRIME CONVICTION IN
NIGERIA
LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE
CASE STUDY 2-HARRY ODIAWA
LAGOS
HARRISON ODIAWA
AKA ABU BELGORE
OF FED MIN OF
HEALTH CONTRACT
REVIEW PANEL
GEORGE BLICK
VIRGINIA,USA
BANK ACCONTS
IN
CHINA,SINGAPOR
E,SPAIN,CASH IN
UK
$2.1 M,10,000GBP,195,000USD,
250,000USD,190,000USD,
350,000USD,177,000USD,
180,000USD,350,000USD,200,0
00USD,300000USD AND
MOLDOVA WATCHES
DR TUNDE ONI,DESMOND
OKORO,MR SAYOR,MR
ANDERSON
MADRID,LONDON
LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE
ARRESTED BY EFCC OPERATIVES ON 6TH AUGUST,2004.
TRACED THROUGH HIS EMAIL CORRESPONDENCES WITH MR
BLICK.
HIS COHORTS IN LONDON AND SPAIN COULD NEITHER BE
LOCATED NOR ARRESTED BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES THERE
TO WHOM THE VICTIM INITIALLY REPOTED THE CASE.
HARRISON ODIAWA SENTENCED TO 310 YEARS INPRISONMENT ON
13TH JANUARY 2006 AND TO PAY BACK THE MONEY LOST BY MR
BLICK.
LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE
CASE STUDY 3: ADEWALE NURUDDEEN ALE

A 56 year old female Gold Coast
resident met a certain ‘Benson
Lawson’ purported to be a 57 year
old British Civil Engineer working in
Nigeria on an dating site

The victim sent $47, 816 as medical
fees to Nigeria for Benson said to be
in coma

Case was reported to EFCC in 2007
via the Queensland Police service

The principal suspect was arrested
through a controlled delivery of a
FedEx package on in 2007. He was
identified to be Adewale Nurudeen, a
surveying
and
geo-informatics
engineering University undergraduate

The principal suspect was arrested and
identified to be Adewale Nurudeen, a
surveying
and
geo-informatics
engineering University undergraduate

Suspect was charged to the Lagos State
High Court and was convicted to
cumulative of 29 years imprisonment

He was ordered to refund the money
obtained and had so far repaid $5, 900
and N514, 212.10

Money was sent to the victim through
the Australian High Commission,
Nigeria
CASE STUDY 4:BIKE JOHN NIYE
•
28 year old Bike John Niye falsely
represented himself as ‘Toby Encore’
to a 57 year old lady in Avon
•
He met her on singlesnet.com
•
Victim stuffed a blackberry phone and
cash sum of $40, 020 in a teddy bear
which was sent to the suspect in Lagos
in May 2010
•
Suspect arrested in a controlled
delivery operation and found to have
earlier collected another $25, 000 from
the same victim
•
Suspect convicted to 17 years
imprisonment by the Lagos State High
Court
CASE STUDY 5: AKEEM ADEJUMO

A 20 years old undergraduate in a Nigerian University

Sent malicious code attached to a picture to a lady friend in
the United States whom he meet on the Internet.

Malicious code meant to steal important data e.g. credit card
details etc.

Malicious code infected and damaged all systems of the
company- “WINSPY”
CASE STUDY 5:AKEEM
ADEJUMO

Suspect was arrested by EFCC operatives in 2007

Suspect confessed that the code was obtained from
an associate in Russia

Was successfully prosecuted and convicted to 18
months imprisonment by a Nigerian High Court
CASE STUDY 6- HOPE OLUSEGUN
AROKE

Suspect was arrested by EFCC operatives in December 2012
when he was holidaying in Lagos, Nigeria

Three Laptops and two smart phones recovered which
contains over 2000 email addresses and passwords of
victims. Also found were wire transfer instructions sent from
compromised email accounts for onward transfer to
nominated accounts

Suspect confessed that the code was obtained from an
associate in a hackers forum in which he is an active member

Was charged to Court and trial is ongoing in a Nigerian High
Court
HOPE OLUSEGUN
CASE STUDY 7: NOSAKHARE PETER
IYEN

A Nigerian graduate of Computer Science registered with the “Association of the Advancement of Criminal Activity”
also known as Theft Services

Uses screen name in the carder portal and has wide number of
contacts within the criminal circle

Posts his exploits and specialization on the Internet

Suspect sent fake cheques to American victim who remitted the
value of the cheques through Western Union to Nosa in Benin City
and Lagos respectively

EFCC in conjunction with undercover investigators of the USPIS
arrested the suspect in Lagos.

Suspect convicted to 5 years imprisonment in May 2013 by the
Federal High Court
CHALLENGES

Inadequate public awareness on e-crimes and the
vulnerabilities of e-payment system channels

The cyberspace is virtually borderless and lawless.
Access to internet is becoming easier and more
affordable as the acquisition of criminal knowledge is
easy on the Internet.

Prosecutorial issues – evidence law interpretations, no
cyber crime law, multiple jurisdictions etc

Cyber security receives little attention in Nigeria
despite an increasing dependence on ICT (no budget for
Cybersecurity or awareness programme in most Government
WAY FORWARD

Enhanced Law enforcement and the
Judiciary’s capacity to keep pace with
advancing technologies

A functional and law enforcement driven
Nigerian Computer Incidence Response
Team should be established to protect the
public from attacks, respond to security
incidents and collaborate with relevant
local actors
CONCLUSION

All indigenous traditional crimes now rely on technology
in one way or the other in their conception, execution,
laundering of proceeds and escape stagess

Law Enforcement and the Judiciary must engage with
each other to ensure that our overall national economic
security and critical infrastructure is protected and not
imperilled by the advancement of technology

Current initiative to make Nigeria a modern cashless
society may not be actualized if law enforcement and
judiciary lack the legislation, capacity and technology to
deal with related crime when they occur.