Transcript Document

Indian Biodiesel Scenario Opportunities & Challenges
by
Jai Uppal, Consultant
B.Sc. Chem. Engg., M.S.E. (Michigan, USA)
F.I.E.. L.M.I.I.Ch.E., L.M.I.M.A.
(Advisor -Renewable Energy)
(Winrock International India)
jaiuppal @ yahoo.com
(M)+919811171121
Petrofed – April 13, 2006
Drivers of growth
• Biodiesel Drivers - EU (Germany)
• Rural Employment and use of land – post WTO
scenario
• Energy Security
• EU – mandated use of Biofuels
• Tax exemption on Biofuels to compete with
petro-products
• General Public opinion in favour of
Renewables
Indian Biodiesel Program
• Name of Biodiesel started making appearance
at Indian Seminars in 2000
• ‘Report of the Committee on Development of
Biofuel’ – Planning Commission, GOI
• Emphasized on Biodiesel
• Recommended Stage I ‘Demonstration Project’
use Jatropha curcas on 400,000 ha (0.5 Mill T
BD) Nation-wide investment $ 300 mill
• Recommended Stage II – 11 mill ha (13 mill T
biodiesel) for 20% blend.
Indian Biodiesel Program
• Large number of small inefficient plants set up more
as pilot plants
• Shortage of feedstocks.
• However, in 2005-06 estimated 125,000 ha of
Jatropha planted
• Demonstration project started with initial grant of
$11mill for nursery raising rest expected this year
• First 10,000 TPA plant expected production by Q3
• 100,000 TPA plant construction started
• Another 100,000 TPA DMT plant proposed to be
modified
• Research on Jatropha being taken up 34 Agri univ &
R&D centers
Challenges
• Vision and Policy
• Constraint on availability of feedstock
• Import of feedstock (CPO) not encouraged as can
be (mis)used in edible oil
• Indian farmer protected by high tariff of nearly 80%
• How to balance production of feedstock and oil
extraction and Biodiesel?
• Jatropha cultivation not well documented or
researched – high yield varieties to be created,
package of practices to be finalized for each agroclimatic zone.
• Comparison with other non-edible oil seeds to be
done
Indian Biodiesel Potential
• 10 to12 mill Ha of degraded lands can provide
Biodiesel for 20% blend (12 mill Tonnes per
year).
• Biodiesel with a potential consumption of 15000
million litres can have a retail turnover of more
than Rs 450, 000 million per year.
• It can provide huge rural employment potential
of 40 to 50 million families and transform the rural
economy
• Remote village electrification and power for
agriculture application – Energy grown & used by
village.
• Max benefit to rural economy
CDM Benefits to Indian Economy
• Afforestation/Reforestation – carbon
sequestration - 12 mill ha – 120 mill tonnes
CO2
• Earning potential @ $5/T - $ 600 mill
• Per tonne of Biodiesel used the potential
reduction of CO2 is estimated to be between 2.5
tonnes (USA) to 3.0 tonnes of CO2 per tonne
per tonne used depending on soya and
Jatropha
• For 10 mill tonnes Biodiesel production by
2012, potential reduction of CO2 of about
251,000 tonnes
• Earning potential for India by the year 2012 in
carbon trading (CERs) - US$ 125 million
Indian Program Feedstocks
Non–Edible: – Jatropha curcas
– Karanj (Pongamia pinnata)
– Castor
– Sal
– Mahua
– Simarouba
– Recycled/waste oil/fat
Options of Feedstocks for
India
• India a net importer of edible oil and imports
increasing. The price of edible oil very high in
India – Rs 40 per litre
• Productivity low
• Edible oil not an option except used/RVO
• Non-edible oil
• Karanj Oil – Present price of oil about Rs 27- 30
per litre in South India – where oil is used
(Karnataka State Roadways – blend of 2%)
Jatropha curcas
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Ratan Jyot, chanrdajyot, physic nut
Fruiting – 2 to 4 years – major advantage
Maturity – 5 to 10 years – major advantage
Life – 50 years – productive life 35 years
Small – plants per ha – 1100 to 2500
Yield in reasonable conditions – 3 to 5 TPHa
Oil content – 30 to 45%
Oil yield – 1 to 2 tonnes per ha
Soft shell easy to decorticate manually
Good Boundary plantation TBO
Alien species
Jatropha curcas
Advantages: • Short duration of the fruiting and maturity
• Hardy plant – not browsed by animals
• High oil content
• Excellent fence and boundary plantation
• Chosen for ‘Demonstration Project’ because
of early fruiting and hardy nature
• Disadvantage – very little scientific data on
high yielding variety, agriculture practices –
R&D required
Indian Land Resource availability
• Productive (irrigated) land to avoided –
wastelands/degraded lands good option
• Wasteland availability – 60 mill ha (old)
• Latest Wasteland Atlas of India 2005 – 55
mill ha
• Forest land – 69 mill ha – 31 mill ha
degraded –scrub forests 11 mill ha
• Non-forest land – 5 types – 22 mill ha
Indian Wasteland Availability
Category of Wasteland as in Wastelands
Atlas/Ownership
Gullied/Ravinous-Shallow, Mainly Community,
Govt.
Land With Scrub/Community (Government /
Panchayats)
Land without Scrub.
Total Area in India Mill.
Ha
1.03
Saline/Alkaline-Slight / Mainly private
0.41
Shifting Cultivation – abandoned /Community
1.22
Degraded Forest –Scrub /Government
10.84
Total
32.29
15.05
3.74
Other types of land not utilized
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Other types of land:
Railway, canal , roadside,
Ponds, household, passages,
Boundary of farm fields
Agro-forestry land
Fallow land
Thank You !