Transcript Phase III Surface water quantity Task 4.1

Surface Water Quantity Model
Development
Connely Baldwin
USU
Overview
• Do the first checkpoint
– Summarize management options relating to water
quantity.
– Identify higher priority/more implementable
management options
– Assign processes, parameters, and geographic locations
to each management option to be incorporated in the
surface water quantity model.
• Describe TOPNET in more detail
• Present plan for early prototype
Phase III
•
•
Develop the model…and NOW –
compress 12 months of work into 4
Components:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Rainfall-runoff transformation
Evapotranspiration calculation
Water use calculation
Ecological flow and water rights accounting
Diversion/storage accounting
Integration with ground water model
Phase III cont’d
• Integration of these parts:
Evapotrans
pirat ion(2)
Water Use
(3)
Rainfallrunoff (1)
Accounting
(4,5)
Ground
water (6)
Note: The number in
parentheses is the item
number from the
previous slide
Phase III
Milestones/
Checkpoints
“To facilitate communication with the
water quantity Technical Team,
several milestones are identified that
represent significant points at which
agreement on the approach will be
obtained through regular conference
calls.”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Management option check point
Generic rainfall-runoff transformation
model design
Determining which processes are needed in
which drainages (snow melt, glacier
dynamics, drainage modifications, etc.)
Design of the required processes
Evapotranspiration component design
Water use component design
Ecological flow and water rights
accounting
Diversion/storage accounting
Integration of ground water model
components
Land-use and land cover modifier (userinterface component)
Diversion/inter-basin transfer locator (userinterface component)
Storage locator, including ASR, on-stream
reservoir, and off-stream reservoir (userinterface component)
Management Options Check Point
and Prioritization
• B - [Trans-drainage] diversions, storage (any type)
• A- Water use changes (add new uses, change SW to
GW)
• A - Land use changes (development, irrigation eff.)
• A - Water use rate changes [per unit area based on
land use]
• A - GW augmentation of surface water flows in lowflow period
• C - Water rights enforcement
• A - Examine sensitivity of system to exempt well
water use
• C - Tile Drains
Generic Rainfall-runoff
Transformation Model Design
• TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979 and later) applied to
each upland drainage.
• Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration.
• Vegetation interception component.
• Soil zone
– Adjust ET soil moisture availability in root zone
– Infiltration excess runoff generation capabiity
– Unsaturated zone storage and drainage
• Parameters averaged over each drainage.
• Kinematic wave routing of stream flow through channel
network.
• Various changes to stream flow (use, rights limitations,
diversions to other drainages)
TOPNET – Upland Drainages
Precipitation
Derived from existing
daily stations and PRISM
surface
Potential ET demand
Wind
Canopy Capacity CC (m) =x1
weighted in subbasins
Canopy Storage CV (m) =S
Disaggregated from
Recent data
Penman-Monteith
Pre-built subroutine
Snow, glacier (Utah Energy
Balance)
Mass and Energy Balance
Model
Throughfall
Parameters
Implicit Param. Variables
SR
Zr=depth from root SOILCr= zr*(1-2), z f 

zone info, 1,, 2,
K0 , f ,  f
If z < zr SR enhanced locally to
Hydraulic conductivity
decreasing with depth
SRi  SR  (1  SR / SOILC)(z r  z)
Recharge
K  K o e f z
Saturated lateral flow driven by
topographic gradient
q
 z  z  (  ln(a / tan )) / f


ln( a / tan )
subba sin
K o f z
e
tan 
f
Q b  Q o e f z  Q o e (f / )S
TOPNET – Lowland Drainages
Precipitation, Temperature
Derived from daily
data and PRISM
surface
Wind
Disaggregated from
Recent data
Potential ET demand
Canopy Capacity CC (m) =x1
weighted in subbasins
Canopy Storage CV (m) =S
Penman-Monteith
Pre-built subroutine
Snow, glacier (Utah Energy
Balance)
Mass and Energy Balance
Model
Throughfall
Soil Store SR(m) =Soil Zone water content
Hydraulic conductivity
decreasing with depth
Parameters
Implicit Param. Variables
SR
Zr=depth from root SOILCr= zr*(1-2), z f 

zone info, 1,, 2,
K0 , f ,  f
If z < zr SR enhanced locally to
SRi  SR  (1  SR / SOILC)(z r  z)
K  K o e f z
Recharge
Lumped Parameter GW Store Model
7 drainages – Model parameters from
available data
Other – extrapolated from available data
MODFLOW
3 drainages – more work to link to TOPNET
Evapotranspiration
• Pre-built Penman-Monteith subroutine to
calculate daily reference ET (see Handbook of
Hydrology, 2d edition (1996), Ch 4 for gory details)
• Adjusted to actual ET using daily Kc values
based on land cover (lookup tables)
Water Use
• Based on WRIA 1 Water Accounting Model
(WWAM) as possible (use their rates as defaults,
codify the setup as tables in database)
– Differences: Reference ET calculated daily, use
effective precipitation to estimate agricultural water use
– Possible extensions:
• Account for PUD water use by source location (Cherry Point)
– generalized or aggregated as needed
• Allow estimates of exempt well water use
(sensitivity)
• Changes from surface water to ground water
withdrawal
Ecological Flow and Water
Rights Accounting
• Priority-based enforcement
• Starting point for data: WRIA 1 GIS
layer/Water rights and applications database
• Grouping of water rights by drainage (report
reliability at drainage level)
• Buying senior water rights (devote to
ecological flow)
• IRPP flows
Diversion/Storage Accounting
• Diversions: Simple… take water from one
drainage, put it in another
• Storage: Almost as simple … take water
from one drainage, hold it for a while, put it
back.
Integration with Ground Water
Model
• Transient Lumped Parameter Model – replaces the
Topmodel saturated zone component – relatively
simple
• MODFLOW – recharge disaggregation (develop a
general procedure, use GIS layers)
• Water use issues – agricultural and rural
residential water use returns to ground water add
to soil store, municipal use returns to a surface
water body (to be quantified).
• Visualization – differentiate between ground water
modeling areas and extrapolated areas.