Transcript Ableism” - Ms. Byrne's Social Studies Class Website

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Ableism
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Disability
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discrimination against people with disabilities
Being unable to perform a task or function of a
physical or mental impairment
Handicap
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Any disadvantage that makes success more difficult
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Impairment
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Damage, deterioration, weakening usually as a result of
injury or disease
Invisible/Hidden Disability
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Disabilities that are not immediately apparent to
others/not easily seen
 Examples: Learning disabilities (Dyslexia), ADD/ADHD,
Visual impairments (contacts), Hearing impairments
(hearing aids), Diabetes, Mental/Emotional illness
(depression, schizophrenia, sensory integration disorder),
Celiac’s disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Pervasive Developmental
Disorders (Autism, Asperger’s Syndrome)
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People First Language
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when identifying a person with an impairment, the
person’s name/pronoun should come first and then
description of the impairment/disability
Identify the impairment but don’t use it to modify
the person (example: “a blind boy” or “a Down’s
child” or “a schizophrenic”—WRONG)
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CORRECT terminology: “a child with Downs
Syndrome” or “a boy who is blind” or “a
person who has schizophrenia”
Adaptive equipment: describe it functionally as
something that assists the person and not as
something that limits the person
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“a woman who uses a wheelchair” versus “a woman
confined to a wheelchair”
Ask: How do I describe your disability or address
you when talking about your disability?
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Exception: people with autism spectrum
disorders (autism, asperger syndrome,
pervasive developmental disorder)
Many don’t like people first language—feel that
autism is part of their personality
 View that to call someone “a person with an autism
spectrum disorder” implies that it is separate from
the core of who the person is
 New movement considering autism spectrum
disorders as advantages and not a handicap
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1970: Disability Rights Movement – problem
not in the disabled individual but in society
attitudes and barriers, lack of services
1971: US District Court case Wyatt v. Stickney
says disabled people cannot be put in
institutions for the disabled without treatment
or education
1972: Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
Program—government funding for families
with adult disabled children
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1975: Education For All Handicapped Children
Act—government funding for school programs
for students with disabilities
1984: Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and
Handicapped—all polling places in federal
elections must be accessible for elderly and
handicapped
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1985: students must be placed in “least
restrictive environment”—educational
environmental that restricts them the least
based on abilities (mainstreaming)
1985: US Supreme Court case City of Cleburne
v. Cleburne Living Center—cities/towns
cannot keep group homes for people with
developmental disabilities from opening in a
residential area
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1985: Mental Illness Bill of Rights Act—states
must provide protection and services for
people with psychological disabilities
1986: Protection and Advocacy for Mentally Ill
Individuals Act passed – protection for people
who are patients or residents of mental health
facilities
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1988: US Supreme Court case Honig v. Doe—
”stay-put rule”—schools cannot
expel/suspend or remove disabled children
from the setting agreed upon in the child’s
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) without
due process hearing
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1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is
federal law—requires access and prohibits
discrimination in public accommodations, state
and local government, and employment (and
for employment, requires reasonable
accommodations, access to transportation, and
telecommunications)
1990: IDEA—Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act
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1993: US Supreme Court case Holland v.
Sacramento City Unified School District—right
of disabled children to attend public school
with non-disabled children
1996: Senator Robert Dole becomes first person
with a visible disability since FDR to run for
president—publicly acknowledges disability
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1999: US Supreme Court decides that people
whose conditions do not substantially limit any
life activity and are easily correctable are not
disabled under the ADA
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ADA (1990)—someone is disabled if he/she
 Has a physical or mental impairment that
substantially limits one or more major life activities
(walking, breathing, seeing, hearing, thinking,
working)
 Has a record of such an impairment
 Is regarded as having such an impairment
(PERCEIVED to have a disability)
 Idea that disability discrimination results from
misconceptions and prejudice that are unrelated to the
reality of the actual disability
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Mobility: spinal cord injuries, disease,
paralysis, amputation
Auditory: deaf, hearing impaired
Speech: speech impediment, vocal paralysis
Medical: cancer, AIDS, epilepsy, asthma,
diabetes, chronic fatigue, cystic fibrosis, severe
arthritis
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Psychiatric: depression, bipolar disorder,
schizophrenia, post traumatic stress
Developmental: mental retardation, autism
Environmental: allergies, chemical sensitivities
Cognitive: Attention Deficit Disorder, learning
disabilities
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IEP
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Individualized Education Plan: required for students
identified as “special education” or “exceptional
children”, student has an identified disability and
needs specialized instruction to access/succeed in
general curriculum
Includes student’s PLOP (present level of
performance), yearly goals for areas student
struggles with, short-term objectives, transition
plans
Includes modifications/accommodations for
classroom environment, assignments, and testing for
student to be successful in academics
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Places student in correct level of services (regular
education classroom, ICR/PALS classroom, CA
(curriculum assistance), OCS (Occupational Course of
Study), ID Moderate or ID Severe (Intellectually
disabled) (moderate=trainable in life skills)
Areas of Eligibility: Autism, Deaf/Blindness,
Developmental Delay, Deafness/Hearing Impairment,
Intellectual Disability, Multiple Disabilities, Other
Health Impairment (OHI), Orthopedic Impairment,
Serious Emotional Disability, Specific Learning
Disability (SLD), Speech/Language Impairment,
Traumatic Brain Injury, Visual Impairment including
Blindness
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person has a diagnosed impairment that
substantially limits a major life activity, they may be
eligible for a Section 504 Plan that could include
reasonable accommodations
“life activity”=learning, concentration, walking,
seeing, breathing, hearing, and performing manual
tasks, the operation of "major bodily functions" such
as the immune, neurological or respiratory systems
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Both the IEP and 504 Plans are designed to
prevent discrimination against a student in the
case of a disability
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Includes assistive, adaptive, or rehabilitative
devices for people with disabilities
Examples: prosthetic limbs, wheelchairs,
computer technology, white canes, Braille,
Closed Captioning, calendars, etc . . .