Transcript MARITIME TRANSPORT SYSTEM

MARITIME SYSTEM –
The supply side in
seaborne trade
Marina Zanne
[email protected]
Introduction
System is a set of interacting or interdependent
entities/elements forming an integrated whole.
Maritime transport is an activity providing movement of
goods and passengers around the world;
• it covers distances – a spatial activity (besides
starting and ending port activities),
• it’s characterized by inseparability - contemporary
production and consumption of the service and
• perishability (imposibility to store it).
Introduction
It would not be possible to provide martime transport without
ports and shipyards.
Maritime system forms the supply side in seaborne trade.
Supply is described by:
• world fleet,
• fleet productivity (depending also on ports’ productivity),
• scrapping and losess,
• shipbuilding production and
• freight revenues.
Maritime system
•
•
•
•
artificial
dynamic
complex
open system
Horizontal or vertical
analysis
Constant interaction
among elements
Maritime system
People
Maritime
system
Ports/
Yards/
Sea
Ships
Maritime system
Information!
Shipping company
• ships – the maritime industry’s main asset
• 426 billion US$ turnover in 2004 (160 billion US$ in
1999)
• cca 1,23 million seafarers (404.000 officers, 823.000
ratings)
Maritime transport is described by:
• price; transport cost
• speed; inventory cost, commercial reasons
• reliability; “JIT” concept in liner shipping
• security; insurable risk
Merchant fleet structure
Top 20 container shipping companies
TEU capacity[24]
Company
Number of ships
A.P. Moller-Maersk Group
2,045,776
545
Mediterranean Shipping Company
S.A.
1,638,962
414
CMA CGM
1,100,007
384
American President Lines
589,879
147
Evergreen Marine Corporation
554,725
152
Hapag-Lloyd
COSCO
CSAV
Hanjin Shipping
541,811
498,437
469,428
448,051
124
134
128
98
China Shipping Container Lines
440,236
122
NYK Line
365,034
95
Mitsui O.S.K. Lines
363,188
94
Orient Overseas Container Line
353,338
77
Hamburg Süd
338,778
109
Zim Integrated Shipping Services
322,685
96
K Line
318,193
82
Yang Ming Marine Transport
Corporation
313,379
77
Hyundai Merchant Marine
271,604
52
Pacific International Lines
227,649
126
UASC
199,082
50
Ports
• interface between land and sea; good inland connection
are crucial, togetherwith the adequate equipment and
service levels
• 31 billion US$ turnover in 2004 (27 billion US$ in 1999)
WORLD PORT RANKING - 2007
TOTAL CARGO VOLUME
CONTAINER TRAFFIC
THOUSANDS OF TONS
TEUs - Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units
RANK PORT
COUNTRY
MEASURE
1
Shanghai
China
metric
2
Singapore
Singapore
freight
3
Ningbo-Zhoushan
China
metric
4
Rotterdam
Netherlands
metric
5
Guangzhou
China
metric
6
Tianjin
China
7
Qingdao
8
TONS
561.446
RANK PORT
COUNTRY
1
Singapore
Singapore
2
Shanghai
China
3
Hong Kong
China
4
Shenzhen
China
341.363
5
Yingkou(Liaonian)
China
metric
309.465
6
Busan
South Korea
China
metric
265.020
7
Rotterdam
Netherlands
Qinhuangdao
China
metric
245.964
8
Dubai Ports
UAE
9
Hong Kong
China
metric
9
Kaohsiung
Taiwan
10
Busan
South Korea
revenue
10
Hamburg
Germany
11
Dalian
China
metric
11
Qingdao
China
12
Nagoya
Japan
freight
12
Ningbo
China
13
South Louisiana
US
metric
13
Guangzhou
China
14
Shenzhen
China
metric
14
Los Angeles
US
15
Kwangyang
South Korea
revenue
15
Antwerp
Belgium
483.616
471.630
401.181
245.433
243.564
222.859
215.602
207.785
199.190
198.190
TEUS
27.935.500
26.152.400
23.998.449
21.103.800
13.713.000
13.254.703
10.790.604
10.653.026
10.256.829
9.917.180
9.430.600
9.258.800
9.200.000
8.355.038
8.175.951
Shipyards
• there are more than 300 large merchant shippyards (for
large ships)
• 47 billion US$ turnover in 2004 (34 billion US$ in 1999)
• Marine equipment (equipment, paint…): 90 billion
US$ turnover in 2004 (68 billion US$ in 1999)
• in 2007 the order of new ships was worth 187 billion US$
(in 1990s the order od new ships was worth cca 20
billion US$ per year)
Supply & demand
relationship
The fain factors of
supply and demand in
maritime transportation
Stopford M. (2009): Maritime
economics, p. 137
Supply & demand relationship
Demand; derived, not
stable, big fluctations,
relatively price inelastic
Supply; rigid
Conclusions
• The marine industry is an essential link in international
trade, with ocean-going vessels representing the most
efficient, and often the only method of transporting large
volumes of basic commodities and finished products.
Sources & further reading
• Stopford M.: Maritime economics, London, Routledge
(2009), chapter 4