Transcript PENDAHULUAN

COUNTRY REPORT
RISK ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING
FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS
IN INDONESIA
By. TRI LIGAYANTI
MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY
REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
2005
NATIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
 Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago, consists of five major
islands and about 30 smaller groups and has a total number of
islands approximately 17,508. The sea area is four times greater
than that of land area, which is slightly over 1.9 million sq km. The
islands span more than 3,000 miles from east to west, and more
than 1,200 miles from north to south. Some of these islands are
famous for its tourist attractions, like Bali, Java, Sumatra and
Kalimantan.
 The population has reached a total of 206,264,595 in 2000.
Population distribution is unequal. Trend of urban population in
Indonesia and in all provinces had been increasing. In 2000, the
percentage of urban population reached 42 percent. The increasing
population live in urban areas reflected the urbanization process.
Rural populations are 58% of the total population who live and work
in sub-districts, municipalities and villages.
NATIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Big
Middle
Industries, Industries,
0.26%
11.51%



Home
Industries,
88.23%
Home industries : 1-4 employees.
Middle industries : 5-100 employees.
Big industries : more than 100 employees.
NATIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Middle Farm,
21.05%



Big Farm,
2.26%
Micro Farm,
76.69%
Micro Farm : 1-15 employees.
Middle Farm : 16-250 employees.
Big Farm : more than 250 employees.
NATIONAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION
 The major economic sectors based on the contribution
to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) have been :
 Industrial / manufacturing, with the major products are textiles
and leather goods (15.51%), food products and beverages
(11.52%), tobacco (9.85%), and chemicals (9.19%);
 Mining and extraction, with major products are oil and gases;
 Agriculture with its major products are paddy, oil palm, rubber
and sugar cane.
 Industrial activities are mostly in textiles, papers and
leather goods, rubber and plastic products, also in
chemical products.
CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORT,
EXPORT AND USE
 Import of chemicals (raw materials) for
industrial use is still dominating.
 In 2000, importation of petroleum chemical
products was 19 million tons, ranked as the
most abundant chemicals imported, while the
production / manufacturing / formulation and
exportation of chemicals were respectively
around 5 million tons and almost 3.4 million
tons per year.
 As an agricultural country, the use of fertilizers
and pesticides was 1 million tons and 0.5
million tons per year respectively.
CHEMICAL PRODUCTION, IMPORT,
EXPORT AND USE
 The major chemical wastes, generated per
year wasted from industries including
wastewater containing organic compound, and
emission of CO2, SO2, and NO2.
 The chemical waste importation until 2002 will
be a total input of 46 million tons of used
storage batteries, 1,3 million tons of paper
waste and 59 million tons of metal scraps; while
15 tons of used catalyst was exported.
PRIORITY CONCERN RELATED TO CHEMICALS
PRODUCTION, IMPORT, EXPORT AND USE
• Priority concern related to chemicals production, import,
export and use is the impacts and risks on :
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–
–
–
–
–
–
air pollution,
inland waterways / river pollutions,
marine pollution,
ground water pollution,
soil contamination,
chemical residues in food, drinking water contaminations,
hazardous waste treatment / disposal.
• These are all related to occupational health, public
health, chemical accident, storage / disposal of obsolete
chemicals, chemical poisoning / suicides, free
purchasing of chemicals and labeling of chemicals.
PRIORITY CONCERN RELATED TO CHEMICALS
PRODUCTION, IMPORT, EXPORT AND USE
•The scale of problem ranges from local to regional,
eventually also to global problem almost all of the problems
identified as high rank in priority.
•Specific chemical creating concerns are CO, CO2, NOx, Pb,
suspended particulate matters, volatile hydrocarbons, heavy
metals, cyanides, surfactants, fertilizers, pesticides, paints,
solvents, oil, aflatoxin, dyestuffs, borax, formaldehyde,
ammonia, chlorine, arsenic and nitrites.
PRIORITY CONCERN RELATED TO CHEMICALS
PRODUCTION, IMPORT, EXPORT AND USE
•
•
An improved coordinating mechanism is needed to gain
more accurate and reliable data on chemicals
production, import, export and use.
This will, in turn, resulting in an increased national
capacity and capability in achieving sound management
of chemicals.
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR
MANAGING CHEMICALS
 A number of laws, regulations, decrees,
standards or other legal instruments
addressing the control of chemicals have
been issued.
 The available legislations, however, do not
cover adequately all aspects in terms as a
basic for the overall of sound management of
chemicals.
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR
MANAGING CHEMICALS
Hazardous Substances Ordinance No.
377 Year 1949. This law regulates production,
distribution and usage of disinfectants,
cleaning agents, toxic chemicals that can
cause hazard to human health.
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR
MANAGING CHEMICALS
.
Law No. 11 Year 1967 on mining that regulates all steps
of control in mining.
Law No. 1 Year 1970 on safety at the work place.
Law No. 5 Year 1984 on industry.
Law No. 12 Year 1992 on plant cultivation including
pesticides.
Law No. 14 Year 1992 on transportation on goods.
Law No. 21 Year 1992 on shipping which regulates the
prohibition of waste disposal from ships to the sea.
Law No.23 Year 1997 on environmental management.
Law No.6 Year 1998 on chemical weapon convention.
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR
MANAGING CHEMICALS
Act No. 7 Year 1973 handling and controlling of
distribution, storage and usage of pesticide.
Act No. 74 Year 2000 on toxic hazardous substance.
Government Regulation No. 27 Year 1999 on
environmental impact management (EIA).
Presidential Decree No. 23 Year 1995 on ozone
depleting substances.
Presidential Decree No. 14 Year 1997 on explosive
materials.
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS FOR
MANAGING CHEMICALS
Ministerial of Industry and Trade Decree No.
231/MPP/Kep/7/1997 on procedure of waste transportation.
Ministerial of Industry and Trade Decree No.
148/M/SK/4/1985 on safety of hazardous substance in the
industry.
Ministerial of Industry and Trade Decree No.
254/MPP/Kep/7/2000 on import procedure and distribution of
hazardous material.
Ministerial of Industry and Trade Decree No.
110/MPP/Kep/1/1998 jo No.410/MPP/Kep/9/1998 jo No.
790/MPP/Kep/12/2002 on prohibition of ozone depleting
substance production and trade.
Ministerial of Industry and Trade Decree No.
647/MPP/Kep/10/2004 on import procedure and distribution of
precursor non pharmacy.
Organization
DIRECTORATE GENERAL
Of
AGRICULTURAL AND CHEMICAL
BASED INDUSTRY
SECRETARY OF
DIRECTORATE GENERAL
DIRECTORATE
OF
DOWNSTREAM CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
SUB DIRECTORATE
OF
PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
SUB DIRECTORATE
OF
STANDARIZATION & TECHNOLOGY
STAFF
DIRECTORATE
OF
UP STREAM
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
DIRECTORATE OF FOODS
SUB DIRECTORATE
OF
TASK CLIMATE
SUB DIRECTORATE
OF
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONSHIP
DIRECTORATE OF
DRINKS AND TOBACCO
SUB DIRECTORATE
OF
REPORTING AND INFORMATION
DIRECTORATE OF
CROPS & FORESTRY BASED
INDUSTRY
My Work
Background Study : Chemical Engineering
Position
: Staff Member of Sub Directorate Standardization and
Technology since December 2003.
Scope of Duty :
 Indonesian National Standard (SNI) of Fertilizers and Pesticides :
voluntary and mandatory.
 Monitoring of Hazardous Chemicals Production, Importation and
Distribution.
 Monitoring of Precursors Production, Importation and Distribution
 Chemicals Industry Waste Management.
 Global Issues of Environmental Chemicals.
 Network : Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Trade,
Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control, National
Narcotics Board and others central government organization.
RECENT MAJOR PROBLEM
In the end of 2005 :
• Illegal using of Precursors on Narcotics
production, Indonesia leading in the third bigger
narcotics producer in the world after Fiji and
China.
• Illegal using of Formalin in fish and food.
• Chemicals Waste Based Industry.
• Global Issue related Ozone Depleting
Substances Using and Illegal Logging.
• Global Issue related Terrorism and Chemicals
Weapon Convention.
Following Training Proposed
• The proposed training very important and
enhance skill to repair policies which it has not
relevant with risk assessment and monitoring for
environmental chemicals anymore.
• Knowledge of risk assessment and monitoring
for environmental chemicals technology.
• Solving risk assessment and monitoring for
environmental chemicals countermeasure.
• Well done for risk assessment and monitoring
for environmental chemicals.
PROGRAM EXPANSION AND EXTENTION OF RISK ASSESMENT
AND MONITORING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS
•
Possible areas of further assistance for risk assessment and
monitoring for environmental chemicals in Indonesia they are
include:
– Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of
Chemicals (GHS) in process to adopt and implementation. For year
2005, Indonesia has finished first phase from four phases of GHS
adopting which promoted by UNITAR.
– CDM (Clean Development Mechanism)
– Continue on implementation of Ministerial of Industry and Trade Decree
No. 254/MPP/Kep/7/2000 on import procedure and distribution of
hazardous material is proposed a regulation on monitoring of
hazardous material production and distribution in the local country.
– Continue on implementation of Ministerial of Industry and Trade Decree
No. 647/MPP/Kep/10/2004 on import procedure and distribution of
precursor non pharmacy is proposed a regulation on monitoring of
precursor production and distribution in the local country.