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Status of the COSPAS-SARSAT
system and future development
integrated in GALILEO
Patrice Brault MARTEC SERPE-IESM
MARTEC SERPE IESM plant
Guidel
ARGOS drifter PTR
ERIKA
•Safety of human life
•actual components of satellite distress system
•beacon
•satellites
•localisation principles
•Man over board
•evolution with Galileo
•new principle for localisation
•expected improvements
•new generation of beacons
Cospas-Sarsat
Cospas
COsmicheskaya Systyema Poiska Aariynyich Sudov
which translates loosely into “Space System for the
Search of Vessels in Distress”
Sarsat
Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking
Cospas-Sarsat provides, free-of-charge, distress alert and location
information to search and rescue authorities anywhere in the world
for maritime, aviation and land users in distress.
History
1950s– Concept of Doppler
tracking developed to locate
transmitters on earth surface
using satellites
1960s – Emergency
beacons operating at
121.5/243 MHz used by
military
1970 – Congress mandates
carriage of 121.5 ELT on
general aviation aircraft
1967 – 16-year old girl
starves to death after
waiting two months for
rescue
1972 – Congressmen
Boggs and Begich lost in
Alaska
1976 – Canada, France and
United States begin
development of the SARSAT
program
History
1979 - Memorandum of
Understanding among agencies in
Canada, France, USA and former
USSR
1983 - Launch of
Sarsat-1
1982 - Launch of
Cospas-1, first
save
1985 - Cospas-Sarsat
declared operational
1988 - International Cospas-Sarsat
Program Agreement signed by
governments of Canada, France, USA
and former USSR
1999 – C/S Phases out
121.5/243 MHz
1998 - GEOSAR
operational
1992 - Russia assumes
responsibilities for the former
USSR
COSPAS-SARSAT SYSTEM
SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
The Cospas-Sarsat System is composed of:
LUT
• distress radiobeacons (ELTs for aviation use,
EPIRBs for maritime use, and PLBs for personal use)
which transmit signals during distress situations;
MCC
• instruments on board satellites in geostationary and
low-altitude Earth orbits which detect the signals
transmitted by distress radiobeacons;
RCC
SAR
• ground receiving stations, referred to as Local Users Terminals (LUTs), which receive and process the satellite
downlink signal to generate distress alerts; and
• Mission Control Centers (MCCs) which receive alerts produced by LUTs and
• forward them to Rescue Coordination Centers (RCCs), Search
and Rescue Points Of Contacts (SPOCs) or other MCCs.
System Operation
GEO
Satellites
LEO
Satellites
Local User
Terminal
Emergency
Beacons
Rescue
Coordination
Center
Mission
Control
Center
HISTORY
KANNAD FAMILY
EPIRBs
sea
ELTs
air
PLBs
ground
Since 1987
50 000
MARTEC SERPE-IESM
Cospas-sarsat beacon
• 121.5 MHz (75 mW)
• distress frequency used or
Aircraft beacon since 1970
• receiver on board LEO
satellites and aircraft
• uncoded
• poor accuracy (20-30 km)
• direct mode
• good sturdiness
• 406 MHz ( 5W)
• receiver on board LEO and
GEO satellites
• global mode
• identification of each beacon
MMSI , Radio call sign,…
• accuracy better than 1Nm
95% of case
• GPS integrated in option
Two types of satellites
Low-earth orbiting (LEO)/polar orbiting (LEOSAR);
Geosynchronous earth orbiting(GEO or GEOSAR)
Satellites
LEO
United States NOAA/TIROS (121.5, 243 and 406 MHz
capability) - SARSAT
Search and Rescue Repeater (SARR) - Canada
Search and Rescue Processor (SARP) - France
Russian Nadezda (121.5 and 406 MHz capability) - COSPAS
4 Sarsat and 3 Cospas operational at present time
GEO
United States NOAA/GOES (406 MHz capability)
( 2 satellites in operation )
Indian INSAT-2B (406 MHz capability)
METOP ( Europe ) ( 406 MHz capability )
More
COSPAS-SARSAT SYSTEM
GEOSAR and LEOSAR system capabilities are complementary.
GEOSAR system can provide almost immediate alerting
LEOSAR system:
• provides coverage of the polar region
• can calculate the location of distress events using Doppler processing techniques
LEOSAR and GEOSAR Capabilities
Mode direct - mode global
Satellite
406 MHz beacon detections
can be stored on board the
satellite and re-broadcast later
Mode global
LUT
121.5/243 MHz
Beacon
Detection of a 121.5/243 MHz
beacon requires mutual
visibility between beacon,
satellite and ground station
(LUT)
Mode direct
Satellite
LUT
406 MHz
Beacon
COSPAS-SARSAT SYSTEM
LUTs location
LEOLUTs
direct mode
in white
global mode
world wide
GEOSAR satellites and coverage
Geostationary satellites orbit the Earth at an altitude of 36,000 km.
Capability to relay the transmissions of the Cospas-Sarsat 406 MHz beacons.
Beacon must encode in message position from navigation receiver ( GPS
COSPAS-SARSAT SYSTEM
Local User Terminal
LUTs
LUTs are expected to provide the SAR community with reliable alert and location data,
without restriction on use
LEOLUTs
GEOLUTs
MCCs
COSPAS-SARSAT SYSTEM
Mission Control Centers (MCCs)
•
Rescues
Persons rescued world-wide since 1982
>11,000
Persons rescued in United States since 1982
> 4,000
Recovery system for « man over board »
•satellite beacon with GPS
+
•local receiver on board vessel
coupled with navigation software
Long and short distance
applications
KANNAD 406 XS-2 GPS TRANSMISSION
KANNAD 406 XS-2 GPS - Position decoding
Thanks to RMD 02 Sarsat receiver, the
GPS position is displayed within minutes
The position of the beacon is displayed on the map if
RMD is connected to a computer with cartography
software.
Future ?
LEO constellation decided until 2015
GALILEO
“European GPS”
Medium Earth Orbiting constellation 24 satellites
20 000 km
406 MHz SAR repeater on board X %
SAR GALILEO Project
SAR Payloads on Global Position System satellite constellation – providing
near instantaneous detection and location of 406 MHz beacons
Improvements
•reduction of delay alert
•use of down link message for SAR beacon acknowledgement
reduction of false alert
•enable lowest cost beacon
Cannot localize beacon by only Doppler calcul
Doppler (FAO ) is be to reduce to calculate position
SAR GALILEO features
GALILEO
Many calls for development
in FP6 frame ,
In development demonstration constellation
IOV with 4 satellites in 2008
Future addition of GPS and When Galileo will
be in operation 8 satellites in visibility + GPS
satellites ..
will be able to relay without delay encoded
position as GEOSAR
SAR GALILEO localisation principle
GALILEO
MEOLUT
FAO + TAO
Frequency arrival and Time arrival
Localization in few minutes
SAR GALILEO acknowledgement
MEOLUT
Control
station
SAR GALILEO
Beacon with
integrated receiver
Acknowledgement and other small information ( bits) will be integrate
in Galileo positioning frame
Other functionality in study
Included in E1-L2-E2 messages
New SAR beacons
Standard beacon
compatible with actual LEO and
GEO SAR
• 406 MHz ( 5 W)
• GALILEO receiver for
– positioning
– downlink
acknowledgement
New low cost beacon
• 406 MHz ( < 5 W)
• New modulation
• Positionned by TAO
and FAO
• uncompatible with
actual system
Merci