Transcript No Slide Title

Group Activity
1.
2.
Three groups.
Each GROUP gets ONE vote-you must decide as a
group how you will vote.
3.
Task:
•
As a class decide who gets which grade for this
activity.
•
There are 6 A’s, 6 B’s, 6 C’s, and 6 D’s available
End Day 1 (Friday)
Unit Portfolio: Interpreting Charts
1.
2.
3.
What percentage of the population was the 3rd estate?
What was their tax rate?
How do the chart and the graphs help explain the
political cartoon?
Unit 3: Age of Revolutions
Lesson 1: The French Revolution
Economic and social inequalities in the
Old Regime help cause the French Revolution.
Textbook Correlation:
Contemporaries: Chapter 16 section 4
Holt: Chapter 21 sections 2 & 3
Standard
7-3.1
Explain the causes, key events,
and outcomes of the French
Revolution, including the storming
of the Bastille, the Reign of Terror,
and Napoleon’s rise to power.
Essential Questions
• What were the causes of the
French Revolution?
• What were the major events
of the French Revolution?
• What were its effects?
Causes of the French Revolution
# 1 Unfair Economic and Social System
• Social classes of the France under the Old
Regime (monarchy) (1)
• First Estate: Catholic clergy
- 1% of the population
- Owned 15% of the land
- Paid few taxes
• Second Estate: Rich nobles
- 2% of the population
- Owned 25% of the land
- Paid no taxes
The Third Estate
• Everyone else
• 97% of people
• Few privileges, limited property rights, and heavy
taxes
• Three sub groups
•
•
•
Peasants
• 80% of the population
• Paid 50% of income in taxes
Urban workers
• Tradesmen, apprentices, laborers
• Poorest group
Bourgeoisie (Middle Class)
• Merchants, lawyers, doctors
• Wealthy and well educated
Causes of the French Revolution
# 2 Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
• 3rd Estate
• Bourgeoisie were wealthy and well
educated
• Studied the Enlightenment philosophers
• Liked the ideas of liberty and equality
• Success of American Revolution set
example
Causes of the French Revolution
#3 Economic Troubles
• High taxes and inflation damaged
economy
• Poor Harvest created food
shortages
• King Louis XVI and his wife Marie
Antoinette spent a lot of money
• Wars
• Wasteful, extravagant lifestyle
• Louis XVI doubled nation’s debt
• Banks refused to lend
government more money
Causes of the French Revolution
# 4 Poor Leadership
• Louis XVI wanted more money-decided to tax the
nobles
• Needed the approval of the Estates-General
• Assembly of representatives from all three
estates
• Each estate had one vote
• 1st and 2nd estates always ganged up on the 3rd
• Conflict in the Estates-General
• 3rd estate wanted more votes
• 1st and 2nd Estates refused
• 3rd Estate broke with the others and met
separately
Copy This in Your Notes
Enlightenment
Ideas
Unfair
Social/Economic
System
Economic
Troubles
Poor Leadership
French
Revolution
Class Work:
Atlas Worksheet 57
“French Revolution”
End Day 2 (Monday)
Unit PortfolioVideo Quiz
If you are doing this outside of class,
look up the answers on the internet.
Or watch the video here.
4. What was the economic situation in France before the
revolution?
5. Why did the peasants attack the Bastille?
6. What was the punishment for being declared an “enemy of
the revolution?”
National Assembly Created
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•
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•
•
Third Estate set up National Assembly (2)
First representative government for France
End of absolute monarchy
Claimed to represent all of the people
Tennis Court Oath:
•
•
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Third Estate barred from Estates-General
Meet on an indoor tennis court
Vowed to create a constitution and reform government
Storming the Bastille
• Bastille
• Prison and Armory
• Symbol of Monarchy’s power
• Rumors began that Louis was going to use
the army to break up the National Assembly
• July 14th, 1789
• Mob attacked and seized Bastille
• Took weapons
• Marked the beginning of the French
Revolution
The Great Fear
• Rumors and panic spread
• Attacks by peasants took place across France
• Peasants destroyed legal papers binding them to
feudal system
• Bread Revolt
• In October 1789
• Parisian women revolted over rising price of bread
• Marched to Versailles and forced the King and Queen to
return to Paris
The National Assembly Reforms France
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and
of the Citizen
• “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
• Finished Constitution
• Created a Constitutional Monarchy
• Legislative Assembly (3) creates laws
• King still held executive power
• France still faced hunger and
economic problems
Divisions Develop
• Three schools of political thought conflict in France
• Conservative
• landowners, nobles
• wanted traditional monarchies
• Liberal (moderate)
• wealthy merchants and business owners
• wanted more power in the elected legislatures
• wanted limited voting rights
• Radical
• believed in complete liberty, equality
• wanted everyone to have a vote
These political ideologies spread throughout Europe
Class Work:
Finish Atlas Worksheet 57
“French Revolution”
End Day 3 (Tuesday)
Unit Portfolio: DBQ
Read “The Execution of Louis XVI” and
answer the following questions
7. How did Louis XVI respond as he faced
execution?
8. Why do you think the soldier ordered
the drums to beat as Louis XVI spoke
from the scaffold?
9. How did the French citizens who
witnessed the execution react?
Procession to eternity
On January 20, 1793, the National Convention condemned Louis XVI to death, his execution scheduled for the next day. Louis spent that evening
saying goodbye to his wife and children. The following day dawned cold and wet. Louis arose at five. At eight o'clock a guard of 1,200 horsemen
arrived to escort the former king on a two-hour carriage ride to his place of execution. Accompanying Louis, at his invitation, was a priest, Henry
Essex Edgeworth, an Englishman living in France. Edgeworth recorded the event and we join his narrative as he and the fated King enter the
carriage to begin their journey:
The guards, whom the determined countenance of the King had for a moment disconcerted, seemed
to recover their audacity. They surrounded him again, and would have seized his hands. 'What are you
attempting?' said the King, drawing back his hands. 'To bind you,' answered the wretches. 'To
bind me,' said the King, with an indignant air. 'No! I shall never consent to that: do what you have been
ordered, but you shall never bind me. . .'
The path leading to the scaffold was extremely rough and difficult to pass; the King was obliged to lean
on my arm, and from the slowness with which he proceeded, I feared for a moment that his courage
might fail; but what was my astonishment, when arrived at the last step, I felt that he suddenly let go
my arm, and I saw him cross with a firm foot the breadth of the whole scaffold; silence, by his look
alone, fifteen or twenty drums that were placed opposite to me; and in a voice so loud, that it must
have been heard it the Pont Tournant, I heard him pronounce distinctly these memorable words: 'I die
innocent of all the crimes laid to my charge; I Pardon those who have occasioned my death; and I pray
to God that the blood you are going to shed may never be visited on France.'
He was proceeding, when a man on horseback, in the national uniform, and with a ferocious cry,
ordered the drums to beat. Many voices were at the same time heard encouraging the executioners.
They seemed reanimated themselves, in seizing with violence the most virtuous of Kings, they
dragged him under the axe of the guillotine, which with one stroke severed his head from his body. All
this passed in a moment. The youngest of the guards, who seemed about eighteen, immediately
seized the head, and showed it to the people as he walked round the scaffold; he accompanied this
monstrous ceremony with the most atrocious and indecent gestures. At first an awful silence prevailed;
at length some cries of 'Vive la Republique!' were heard. By degrees the voices multiplied and in less
than ten minutes this cry, a thousand times repeated became the universal shout of the multitude, and
every hat was in the air."
France at War
• Prussia demanded France return to Old
Regime
• France declared war on Prussia
• Austria, Britain, Spain, and Netherlands joined
against France
• Mobs ruled in Paris
• Jailed royal family
• Killed over 1,000 king supporters
• Pressured Legislative Assembly to end the
monarchy
Radicals Take Over
• Late 1791 the New Constitution was set aside
• Monarchy ended. King put in prison
• National Convention (4)
• New legislative body that took over
• Many were Jacobins—radical political
organization
• Declared France a democratic republic
• Universal Male Suffrage: the right to vote
• draft of 300,000 to reinforce army
• Suppressed the Church (angered many peasants)
• France still faced hunger and economic
problems
Maximilien Robespierre
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Jacobin Leader
Gained power in the National Committee
Headed Committee for Public Safety
Claimed dictatorial powers and ruled France for a
year
• Reign of Terror
• Period of mass
executions
• Guillotine: machine
designed during the
Revolution to behead
people
• Disagreeing with the
Jacobins could make
you an “enemy of the
Revolution”
• 25,000-40,000 executed
including Louis XVI and
Marie Antoinette
End of the Terror
• Public opinion shifted away from radicals
• Robespierre arrested and executed (July
1794)
• Liberal leaders wrote a new constitution
• Directory (5)
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•
•
•
•
Republic
Five man executive branch
Two-house legislature
Restored order
Made Napoleon Bonaparte commander of
armies
• France still faced hunger and economic problems
End Day 4: Wednesday
Class Work: Flocabulary
“Raise it Up”
Listen to the lyrics and fill in the blank on the right hand side
of the page with the appropriate word.
The song will play twice.
WORD BANK
Bastille
Coup
Enlightenment Estate
Guillotine
Louis XVI
Napoleon
Robespierre
Russia
Taxes
Tennis Court
Versailles
Unit Portfolio: Create a Timeline
10. Use your textbook to create a timeline of
the following events of the French Revolution.
Make sure you include the dates.
-
Directory begins governing France
Legislative Assembly begins governing France
Louis XVI executed-Reign of Terror begins
Napoleon overthrows the Directory
National Assembly is formed
National Convention begins governing France
Storming of the Bastille
The Rise of Napoleon
• Very successful General
(very popular)
• Directory lost popularity
• 1799-Napoleon
launched a coup d’etat:
• Military take over of the
government
• Took title of First Consul:
military dictator (6)
• Marked end of the
French Revolution
Effects of the French Revolution
• Political
• Old Regime ended
• Democratic Republic formed (for a little
while)
• Social: Ended Estates system
• Enlightenment ideas spread
• Inspired nationalist revolutions throughout
Europe and Latin America
Napoleon Stabilizes France
• Economic Policy
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•
•
•
• Created a national bank
• Efficient tax system
• Ended government Corruption
Culture
• Restored Catholic Church in France
• Gained favor of the Pope and the people
Napoleonic Code
• Uniform system of laws
• Made everyone equal under the law
• Guaranteed rights to all French people
Became incredibly popular with the French people
1812- Declared himself emperor (monarchy)
1 Old Regime
Absolute Monarchy
Nobility and Clergy held all of the power
2 National Assembly
First representative government
in France
Great Fear
Reformed French government
3 Legislative Assembly
Factions emerge (Radicals, Moderates,
Conservatives)
Constitutional monarchy
4 National Convention
Republic
Controlled by Jacobins and
Robespierre (Radicals)
5 Directory
Ended Reign of Terror
Liberals
Reign of Terror
Appointed Napoleon
Bonaparte as commander
of the Army
6 Napoleon Bonaparte
Dissolved Directory and became First
Consul
Created empire that included most of
Europe
Old RegimeAbsolute
Monarchy
NapoleonDictator
National
AssemblyRepresentative
Convention
DirectoryRepublic
Legislative
AssemblyConstitutional
Monarchy
National
ConventionRepublic
Unit Portfolio- Check on Learning
11. What were the four causes of the
French Revolution?
12.What event is considered the
beginning of the French
Revolution?
13. Describe the Reign of Terror.
14. How did the French Revolution
affect the rest of the world?
15. Name three ways that Napoleon
stabilized France.
End Day 5 (Thursday)