Transcript Georgia and the American Experience

Georgia
and the American Experience
Chapter 6:
An Age of Expansion,
1783-1838
Study Presentation
Section 3: Economic
Growth in Georgia
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– How did Georgia rebuild and expand
its economy in the late 17th and early
18th century?
Section 3: Economic
Growth in Georgia
• What words do I need to know?
– depression
– turnpike
– cotton gin
– mechanical reaper
Cotton and the Cotton Gin
• In 1793 Eli Whitney invented a machine for
separating cotton seeds from its fiber, the
cotton gin
• Increased the amount cotton growers could
process each day
• The gin used wire teeth on a turning cylinder to
separate the seed from fiber
The Mechanical Reaper
• Cyrus McCormick invented a machine to cut grain
in a field
• Wooden paddles attached to a horse’s harness
allowed six times more grain to be cut per day
than previous methods
• Georgia farmers could work larger and more
profitable farms with these agricultural machines
Depression and the Panic of 1837
• Many Georgia banks failed between
1837 and the early 1840s
• Many businesses failed; many
farmers and planters lost their land
• Many banks didn’t have enough
cash to pay out money their
depositors had entrusted to them
(people)
Early Roads in Georgia
• Railroads, built after 1830, replaced
horses, stagecoaches, and boats
• Most GA roads ran east to west; follow
former Indian footpaths
• Plank roads over wetlands that featured
“pikes” or gates were called turnpikes
• Travelers paid a toll, or fee at each pike;
the Old Federal Road connected
Athens north to Tennessee
Terminus
• Located at the southern end of a rail line
that originated in Chattanooga, Tennessee
• Later renamed Marthasville, after the
daughter of former Governor Wilson
Lumpkin
• Marthasville became Atlanta, and the
capital of GA
• Railroads greatly reduced travel time for
people and freight
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Section 4: Georgia at the
Dawn of a New Century
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– How did lifestyles differ in Georgia
between frontier families and town
dwellers?
Section 4: Georgia at the
Dawn of a New Century
• What words do I need to know?
–pioneers
–frontier Georgia
–cultural refinements
–townsfolk
Religious Activities
• Methodist circuit riders (traveling ministers
for frontier dwellers) grew in #
• GA’s 1st Roman Catholic Church est. in
Wilkes County in 1796
• Savannah had Jewish synagogue
• Churches become central to community life
and education
• African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.)
churches were started by Richard Allen
Education in Georgia
• The University of Georgia chartered in 1785
as nation’s first land-grant university; opened
for classes in 1801
• UGA was often called Franklin College in its
early days
• By 1820, there were forty academies
(schools) across the state
• Georgia Female College (later Wesleyan
College) opened in 1836
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Section 5: The War of 1812
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– What were the causes of the War of
1812?
Section 5: The War of 1812
• What words and people do I need
to know?
– embargo
– president James Madison
– war hawks
– Treaty of Ghent
Causes of the War
• Great Britain and France fighting so both
countries to try to block U.S. trade with its
enemy
• British ships took American sailors and
made them serve with the British Navy
• President James Madison pushed
Congress to declare war on Great Britain
in 1812
War of 1812
• War lasted for two years
• In 1814, British attack and burn Washington
• British later attacked Baltimore harbor; “The
Star Spangled Banner” written by Francis Scott
during The Battle of Fort McHenry
• The Battle of New Orleans, fought after the
Treaty of Ghent ended the war, was a decisive
American victory
• The war united the American states as one
nation; Andrew Jackson became a national hero
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Section 6: Native
Americans in Georgia
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– Why were the Indians removed from
Georgia?
Section 6: Native
Americans in Georgia
• What words do I need to know?
– syllabary
– Oconee War
– Treaty of New York
– Red Sticks
– White Sticks
– Treaty of Indian Springs
– Trail of Tears
Cherokee Culture
• Most advanced of Georgia’s tribes; learned
quickly from white settlers
• Chief encouraged Christianity
• Sequoyah developed a syllabary, a group of
symbols that stand for whole syllables; it
gave Cherokees a written form of their
language
• Government modeled after United States;
capital at New Echota
Creek Indians
• Series of clashes between Creek and settlers
who pushed into their land known as Oconee
War
• Treaty of New York: signed by Alexander
McGillivray, Creeks give up all land east of the
Oconee River, but could keep land on the west
side;
• this angered Georgia settlers, who felt betrayed
by their government
• Land treaties were often broken
• Red Stick Creeks endorsed war to fight for their
land claims; White Stick Creeks wanted peace
The Creek War
• Red Sticks (mean) attacked Fort Mims, killing
more than 400 people
• The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, in Alabama,
ended the Creek War in 1814; Andrew
Jackson led the U.S. troops
• The Creeks were forced to give up nearly all
their land to the U.S. government
• The Treaty of Indian Springs gave up last
Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S.;
• Chief William McIntosh was later murdered
by rival Creeks for signing the treaty
Creek Removal
• Treaty of Washington (1832) resulted in 5
million acres of Creek land ceded to the
United States
• U.S. agreed to allow Creeks who wished to
remain and live on 2 million of those acres; the
U.S. promised to protect those who stayed
• Those who didn’t wish to stay would have to
move to the western territories
• The treaty was broken; by 1840, nearly all
Creeks were forced to move west (Indian
Removal Act)
The Trail of Tears
• Discovery of gold in Dahlonega Georgia
heightened demand for Cherokee land, whites
who visited Cherokee land had to take an oath of
allegiance.
• The Supreme Court ruled that Cherokee territory
was not subject to state law, but the ruling was not
enforced by US Govt. (Worcester v. Georgia)
• Between 1832 and 1835, Cherokees were
stripped of their land
• In 1838, thousands of Cherokees were forcibly
removed to Oklahoma; about 4,000 died from
disease, exposure, or hunger
• 700 to 800 escaped and hid in the
Carolina
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mountains
The Georgia Capital
• Moved several times as population spread
out throughout the frontier
– Savannah (1733)
– Augusta (1786)
– Louisville (1796)
– Milledgeville (1807)
– Atlanta (1868)