Transcript Slide 1

NAGALAND UNIVERSITY
PRESENTED BY:
DR. AMOD SHARMA
NAGALAND UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES &
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
MEDZIPHEMA: CAMPUS, MEDZIPHEMA
NAGALAND - 797 106.
METHODOLOGY
The district of Mon, Wokha, Kohima and Mokokchung were selected
for the present work selecting two RD blocks and four villages from
each VDB units. Mon and Tizit R.D block of Mon district; Changtongya
and Ongpangkong north R.D block of Mokokchung district; Wokha
and Chukitong R.D block of Wokha district and Kohima and Tseminyu
R.D block of Kohima district were selected for present investigation.
The selected villages comprised of Mon, Chui, Goching, Tuimei
villages from Mon R.D Block and Jaboka, Neitong, Tela and Lapa
villages from Tizit R.D Block from Mon district. Longsa, Longsachung,
Niroyo, Okheyan villages from Wokha R.D Block and Yanthamo,
Yimkha, New Longidang and Longla villages from Chukitong R.D Block
of Wokha District of Nagaland. The selected villages under Kohima
district included Zisunyu , Tseminyu ,Nsunyu and Chunlika villages of
Tseminyu R.D Block and Chedema , Sechu (Zubza), Mengugauma and
Mezoma villages from Kohima R.D Block. Chuchuyimpang ,
Mokokchung , Aosettsu and Ungma villages from Ongpangkong
North R.D Block and Longjang, Longpa , Sungratsu and
Mopungchuket villages from Kubulong R.D Block of Mokokchung
district of Nagaland.
FINDINGS
I. Awareness about the NREGA and its provisions:
Table 1. Awareness about the NREGA and its provision (N = 247)
S. No.
1.
Item
Awareness about the NREGA
Frequency
Percentage
247
100.00
II. Demand process of NREGA scheme
Table 2. Demand process of NREGA scheme (N = 247)
S. No.
A.
1.
2.
3.
B.
4.
5.
6.
Items
Registration and job card:
Registration and job cards free of
cost
Job cards with photographs and
photographs free of cost
Beneficiaries have custody of job
cards
Application for employment:
Applications
submitted
for
employment
Dated receipt issued by V.D.B
Work allotted within 15 days
Frequency
Observed
Percentage
217
87.85
245
99.19
186
75.30
129
52.26
114
50
46.15
20.24
III. Work process of NREGA scheme
Table 3. Work process of NREGA scheme (N = 247)
S. No.
Items
Frequency
Percentage
1.
Village meetings convened to select work.
247
100.00
2.
Local people happy with the choice of
240
97.16
work
IV. Status of Wage payment under NREGA scheme
Table 4. Wage payment under NREGA scheme (N = 247)
S. No.
Item
1.
Wage for agricultural labourers more than
Frequency
247
Percentage
100
that of NREGA
2.
Earning as per Schedule of Rate (SOR)
173
70.04
3.
Separate wage rates for NREGA works
0
0
4.
SOR for NREGA applied to similar
247
100
0
0
works
5.
Wage rates different for men and women
6.
Wages paid within 15 days
247
100.00
7.
Muster rolls read out when wages paid
233
94.33
V. Status of Record Maintenance of NREGA scheme
Table 5. Record Maintenance of NREGA scheme (N = 247)
S. No.
Item
Frequency
Percentage
1.
Muster rolls entries match with the
247
100.00
job cards of the beneficiaries.
VI. Socio economic Impact of NREGA on Beneficiaries
Table 6. Socio economic Impact of NREGA on Beneficiaries (N = 247)
S. No.
Item
Frequency
Percentage
1.
Annual income / year
247
100.00
2.
Expenditure on food / year
247
100.00
3.
Savings / year
247
100.00
VII. Feed back of Non Beneficiaries of NREGA scheme
Table 7. Feed back of Non Beneficiaries of NREGA scheme (N = 73)
S. No.
Items
Frequency
Percentage
1.
Heard about NREGA
70
95.89
2.
Aware about NREGA
65
89.04
3.
Interested to avail the benefit of
08
10.96
NREGA
4.
NREGA implemented in proper way.
67
91.78
5.
Fund being utilised in proper manner.
60
82.19
• VIII. Mandays generated under NREGA
programme
It was found that an average of 26.5 mandays
was generated under NREGA in Mon District, 44
mandays in Wokha district, 37 mandays in
Kohima district and only 9.5 mandays was
generated under NREGA in Mokokchung district.
Thus an average of 29.25 Mandays only was
generated under NREGA out of a target of 100
Mandays in these selected districts. However at
the state level an average of 22.391 man days
were generated in the year 2008-09 till February
2009 for a total number of 291938 house-holds.
• IX Monitoring and Vigilance
The status of monitoring and vigilance in
the selected district was found
satisfactory. NREGA work are being
monitored by the competent personnels
and these activities are also being
inspected and verified periodically.
• X. Types of activities undertaken
• Construction of Agri link road was the main activity
comprising about 44 per cent, followed by
construction and maintenance of village approach
comprising about 31 per cent and construction of foot
steps which constituted about 6 per cent of the total
activities under taken under these four districts. The
remaining 19 per cent of the activities included
construction of irrigation canal 4 per cent,
horticultural farming 3 per cent, construction of
fishery ponds, culvert, terracing, soiling and metalling
each comprising 2 per cent. Construction of check
dam, protection wall, tree plantation and well
constituted 1 per cent of the total activities.
• XI. Social Audit
Process of social audit was found satisfactory.
On an average three to five members
constituted the committee for social audit
comprising, members form church, school
teacher, youth leaders etc. Social audit was
done periodically and a copy of the audit was
made available to the project team by the
concerned BDOs.
• XII. Flow of Fund
• Flow of fund from state government to the village is
quick and efficient. VDB secretary receives fund from the
BDOs through cheque which is en cashed in a public
sector bank through the savings account opened
specially for this purpose. However flow of fund from
the central government is not smooth in certain districts
due to non submission of MPR in time or MPR not
prepared in accordance to the guidelines by the MORD.
Maintenance of Receipt and Expenditure account for
NREGA at village level was found well managed.
• Total fund received under NREGA for the state in the
year 2008-09 till February 2009 was 13161.278 lakhs out
of which 10834.648 lakhs have been already utilized.
• XIII. Benefits
respondents:
of
NREGA
perceived
by
the
• Has generated additional mandays thereby
increasing employment opportunities at the village
level.
• Has created durable assets in the village.
• Has been helpful in providing additional income and
employment in lean seasons.
• Equal opportunity of wage income has been
facilitated for both men and women.
• Better rural connectivity ushered.
• Have made transportation of goods and services
easier, including transporting farm implements to the
farm.
• Has improved the socio economic conditions of the
rural community.
• Resulted in social and economic empowerment of the
rural poor and excluded groups of the society.
• Promoted the health and nutritional security of the
rural people.
• Assured additional income per year.
• Discrimination in wage payment in case of women
abolished.
• Transparency in the system of work has increased
considerably.
• Helped considerably in enriching the process of social
capital formation.
• XIV. Problems faced in implementing NREGA
Work is not available when it is demanded by the job card holders due
to non availability of fund or due to present social structure and
dimentions.
• Higher wages to the tune of Rs 350 to 450 are being paid for other
skilled labour oriented jobs in the villages. Therefore, sometimes card
holders are unwilling to do NREGA work.
• VDB officials are burdened with the paper work without incentives.
This may lead to misutilisation of fund in the long run.
• Wage payment to the Job Card holders are paid in cash which should
have been done through cheque or savings account in bank. However,
at present 21 R. D. Blocks out of 52 R. D. Blocks in the state does not
have any bank.
• Mandatory demand of work for 14 days in one stretch sometimes
deprives Job Card holders to avail other short period employment
opportunity with higher wages.
• Smooth flow of fund is also a limiting factor for reduced level of
mandays generated per year.
• Due to poor internet connectivity, a great difficulty is being
experienced in the job of MIS reporting.
• XV. Suggestions:
• In Nagaland , there are many jobless families who
totally depend on their daily wages for their
livelihood. Therefore the present wage amount of Rs.
100 should be enhanced to a minimum Rs.150 which
may be at par with the existing situation.
• In this era of information technology IT, computers
and digital cameras may be provided to the VDB’s of
every village, for efficient monitoring and timely
recording of NREGA related data’s.
• Suitable incentives should be given to the VDB
officials.
• Due to difficult terrain and topography of the land in
Nagaland use of machinery may be allowed for limited
and justified purpose only.
• Gram Rozgar Sahayak was not found in any of the
selected districts under present study. Therefore they
should be appointed at the earliest in every village, for
better implementation of the NREGA work.
• The paper works related to NREGA should be simplified
to avoid difficulty in proper maintenance of the records
by the village leaders.
• Locally available materials may be allowed for NREGA
work due to transportation and other local problems.
• More trainings should be incorporated for human
resource development.
• In Nagaland, female / male members of the family
separate themselves from the combined family just
after marriage. Thus increase in number of nuclear
family should be taken care of by timely availability of
the job cards.
• The top priority of work under NREGA in Nagaland has
been given to rural connectivity in the form of
construction of village approach road, Agri link road
etc. Therefore, state department of Rural
Development, Government of Nagaland should
incorporate justified enhanced projection of labour
budget for rapid development of the rural and remote
areas in Nagaland.
• A small fund may be earmarked for the maintenance
of the assets created under NREGA.