Transcript The Star Spangled Banner - Ms. Douglass' Digital Classroom!

Amanda Burchell, Mike DePalma, Lisa
Maeyer, Troy Ohntrup, Marissa Wegfahrt
Table of Contents
Meaning of the Flag
Declaration of War
The Pledge of Allegiance
War of 1812
Burning in Washington D.C. Evolution of the Song
Psalm of Americanism
Battle of Baltimore
Influence of the Song
North Point
Original Lyrics
Hampstead Hill
Modified Lyrics
Fort McHenry
Questions
Francis Scott Key
Bibliography
Making of the Flag
Declaration of War
• Trade restrictions brought about by
Britain's continuing war with France
• The impressment of American
merchant sailors into the Royal Navy
• British support of American Indian
tribes against American expansion
• Outrage over insults to national honor
after humiliations on the high seas
• Possible American interest in annexing
British North America territory (part
of modern-day Canada
War of 1812
• War began with attack on Canada
– An effort to gain land
– Cut off British supply lines to
Tecumseh's Indian
confederation
• Initial battles in Canada not as
easy as War Hawks hoped
– Inexperienced American soldiers
pushed back rapidly
– Britain was at war with France, so
they were preoccupied and
multitasking
• On Mid-Atlantic Coast, British
troops landed in Chesapeake Bay
area in 1814
– Marched from here towards
Washington
War of 1812 (Burning)
• U.S. General William
Winder attempted to stop
British forces
• U.S. troops badly routed
– City of Washington was
evacuated
– British burned the Capitol,
White House, and most of
the nonresidential
Washington
• British pressed onward
• Admiral Cochrane sought
to invade Baltimore
War of 1812 (Battle of Baltimore)
• Cochrane's forces
bombarded Fort McHenry
– Guarded Baltimore's
harbor, but unable to seize
it
• This inspired Francis Scott
Key to write the Star
Spangled Banner
Battle of Baltimore (North Point)
• British had 5,000 troops
– Marched toward Baltimore, but met
heavy resistance at the Battle of
North Point
• Fought about 5 miles from the city
• Major General Samuel Smith
commanded Baltimore
– Dispatched roughly 3,000 men to
meet the British in a forward
engagement
Battle of Baltimore (North Point)(cont.)
• General Stricker was to stall
British invasion force in order to
delay British advance long
enough for Major General Smith
to complete defenses in
Baltimore
• Ross led the land invasion force
– Ross killed in second shift of
American defense by an American
sharpshooter
– British army now under command
of Colonel Arthur Brooke
• British succeeded in driving
American militia back
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)
• Rodgers Bastion, located on
Hampstead Hill, was centerpiece of
a 3-mile-wide earthworks from
outer harbor in Canton
– Dug to defend Eastern approach to
Baltimore against British
• Dawn on September 13, 1814
– Day after the Battle of North Point
– About 4,300 British troops advanced
north on North Point Road, then west
along Philadelphia Road toward
Baltimore
– Forced U.S. troops to retreat to main
defensive line around the city
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)
• British commander Col. Arthur Brooke established
new headquarters about two miles northeast of
Hampstead Hill.
• British began probing actions on Baltimore’s inner
defenses
– American line was defended by 100 cannons and more than
10,000 regular troops
– Defenses were far stronger than British anticipated
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)(cont.)
• U.S. defenders at Fort McHenry successfully stopped
British navel forces
– Few ships were still able to provide artillery support
• Once British took outer defenses, inner defenses
became priority
• British infantry had not anticipated how well defended
they would be
– First attack was a failure
– Brooke's forces managed to outflank and overrun American
positions to right
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)(cont.)
• After discussion with
lower ranking officers,
Brooke decided British
should bombard fort
instead of risk a frontal
assault
• At 3 AM on September 14,
1814, British troops were
ordered to return to ships
Fort McHenry
North Point
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)
• At Fort McHenry, about 1,000
soldiers under command of
Major George Armistead
awaited British naval
bombardment
– Their defense was augmented by
sinking of a line of American
merchant ships at adjacent
entrance to Baltimore Harbor in
order to further thwart passage
of British ships
• Attack began on September 13
– British fleet of some nineteen
ships began pounding fort with
Congreve rockets and mortar
shells
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)
• After initial exchange of fire,
British fleet withdrew to just
beyond range of Fort
McHenry’s cannons and
continued to bombard
American redoubts for next
27 hours
– Although 1,500 to 1,800
cannonballs were launched at
fort, damage was light due to
recent fortification that had
been completed prior to battle
• Only 4 killed, 24 wounded
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)(cont.)
• After nightfall, Cochrane
ordered a landing to be made
by small boats to shore just
west of fort away from harbor
opening on which fort’s
defense was concentrated
– He hoped the landing party
might slip past Fort McHenry
and draw Smith’s army away
from main British land assault
on city’s eastern border
• Gave British good diversion for
half hour, allowing them to fire
again and again
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)
• On morning of September 14, 30 ft × 42 ft
oversized American flag was raised over
Fort McHenry
• Small encampment of British riflemen
responded
– Fired a round each at the sky
– Taunted Americans just before returning to the
shoreline
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)
• Brooke was told not to attack American positions
around Baltimore unless there were less than
2,000 men in fort
– Brooke forced to withdraw from his positions
– Returned to fleet
• Scheduled to set sail for New Orleans
Francis Scott Key
• Born in Frederick County,
Maryland
• Studied law at St. John’s
College in Annapolis, Maryland
– Was an attorney
• Accompanied John Skinner
aboard British ship HMS
Tonnant during War of 1812
• Skinner and Key were there to
negotiate release of prisoners
(one of whom was Beanes)
Francis Scott Key (cont.)
• Skinner, Beanes, and Key were not
allowed to leave ship
– Knew too much about the strength
and position of British attack plans
– Forced to watch ships bombard Fort
McHenry during Battle of Baltimore
Francis Scott Key (cont.)
• At dawn, Key saw the American
flag still waving
– Inspiration to write the poem
describing his experience
• Published as “Defense of Fort McHenry”
• Now known as “The Star Spangled
Banner”
Making of the Flag
• Flag has been modified 26 times since
1777
– 15 stars and 15 stripes flew over Fort
McHenry and is known as the “Star
Spangled Banner Flag
– There were 15 stars and stripes because
Vermont and Kentucky had joined the
colonies
– That particular flag was used for 23 years
– Made by Mary Young Pickersgill
• Current flag was designed by 17 year
old Robert G. Heft
Meaning of the Flag
• Symbol of Americanism
• Key felt flag symbolized relief and pride
when it flew over Fort McHenry
• Stripes represent the 13 original
colonies
• Stars represent 50 states of United
States
• Color did not have a meaning when the
flag was first adopted
– Red now means hardiness and valour
– White means purity and innocence
– Blue means vigilance, perseverance, and
justice
The Pledge of Allegiance
• Pledge allegiance… you promise to be loyal
• to the Flag… to the symbol of your country
• of the United States of America… a nation of 50 states and
several territories, each with certain rights of its own
• and to the Republic… a country where the people elect
representatives from among themselves to make laws for
everyone
• for which it stands,… the flag represents the values of our
form of government, in which everyone is equal under the
law
• one Nation under God,… a country formed under God whose
people are free to believe as they wish
• indivisible,… the nation cannot be split into parts
• with liberty and justice… with freedom and a system of law
• for all… for every person in the nation, regardless of their
differences
Evolution of the Song
• Key wrote the poem “Defense of
Fort McHenry” inspired by flag
flying and British defeat
• Key gave poem to Judge Joseph H.
Nicholson who them put poem to
music
– “The Anacreontic Song” by John
Stafford Smith
• Thomas Carr was first to publish
song under “Star Spangled
Banner”
Evolution of the Song (cont.)
• Woodrow Wilson wanted original
version, so he asked five musicians
to play it
• July 27, 1889, Secretary of Navy
Benjamin Tracy made it official
song to raise flag
• 1916-Wilson had it played at
military events and other
important occasions
• March 3rd, 1931, Hoover signed a
law making it national anthem
Influence of the Song
• Many professional and
amateur singers sing the song
at sporting events, military, or
patriotic events
• The song has also been
adapted to take different forms
• The song symbolizes
Americanism and how we can
stand together as a country
– Boston Bruins clip
Psalm of Americanism
• Psalm- a sacred song or hymn
• Just as we have psalms in
church, America has Star
Spangled Banner
– Psalms inspire worshipers of
that faith
• Patriotism is a faith
• As Americans, we are
worshipers of our faith
– Singing the Star Spangled
Banner is way of expressing
our faith in our nation
• Example: The Boston Bruins clip
“We have the ability to help people heal and
find some reason to smile again by representing
our city properly. We have an opportunity here
to make our city proud. We’re all in for it, and
hopefully we can do tat for this city, right now.”
~Claude Julien, Coach of Bruins
Original Lyrics
Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last
gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the
perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly
streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in
air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was
still there.
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave?
On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of
the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence
reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering
steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first
beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it
wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave!
And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,
A home and a country should leave us no more!
Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps'
pollution.
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved home and the war's
desolation!
Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n
rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us
a nation.
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: "In God is our trust."
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
Modified Lyrics
Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last
gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the
perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly
streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in
air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still
there.
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave?
Fact Sheet Questions
Worksheet/Packet Questions
Bibliography
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"Fast facts: U.S. flag." Boys' Life July 2013: 7. Student Edition. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. The first AMERICAN FLAG was
approved on June 14, 1777. Flag Day is held on that date each year.
"Francis Scott Key." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Scott_Key>.
Hickman, Kennedy. "About.com Military History." About.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
<http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/warof1812/tp/war-of-1812-overview.htm>.
Jones, Jeffrey Owen, ed. "The Man Who Wrote the Pledge of Allegiance." Smithsonian. Ed. Smithsonian.
Smithsonian, Nov. 2003. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. <http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-wrote-thepledge-of-allegiance-93907224/>.
Nelson, Paul David. "Francis Scott Key." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
Office of the Secretary. "Facts About the United States' National Anthem." U.S. Department of Education. U.S.
Department of Education, 18 Dec. 2007. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
<http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/os/september11/ssbfacts.html>.
"“The Star-Spangled Banner”." UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca
Valentine. Vol. 7. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1476-1478. Student Resources in Context. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
"The Star Spangled Banner." The Star Spangled Banner. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
<http://amhistory.si.edu/starspangledbanner/>.
"The Star-Spangled Banner." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_StarSpangled_Banner>.
"Star-Spangled Banner and the War of 1812." Smithsonian. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Smithsonian. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmah/starflag.htm>.
"'Star-Spangled Banner' (1814)." ABC Clio--World History The Modern Era. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
<http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1319672?terms=the+star+spangled+banner+>.
"The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner." Smithsonian.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-story-behind-the-star-spangled-banner-149220970/>.
"War of 1812." War of 1812. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. <http://warof1812.thinkport.org/#overview.html>.
"War of 1812." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812>.
"What the Pledge of Allegiance Means." It's Tactical. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.itstactical.com/centcom/memorial/what-the-pledge-of-allegiance-means/>.
Bibliography
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"The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner." Smithsonian.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-story-behind-the-star-spangled-banner-149220970/>.
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"War of 1812." War of 1812. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. <http://warof1812.thinkport.org/#overview.html>.
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"War of 1812." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812>.
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"What the Pledge of Allegiance Means." It's Tactical. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.itstactical.com/centcom/memorial/what-the-pledge-of-allegiance-means/>.
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Wikipedia, ed. "The Battle of Baltimore." Wikipedia. Mediawiki, 31 Jan. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baltimore>.
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- - -. "Flag of the United States." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 21 Feb. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States>.
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- - -, ed. "Fort McHenry." Wikipedia. Mediawiki, 16 Feb. 2014. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_McHenry#War_of_1812>.
Pictures
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www.publicsafety.net
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Frigate_Chesapeake%27s_First_War_of_1812_Cruise.p
ng
americanhistory.unomaha.edu
robertluisrabello.com
www.awesomestories.com
http://www.nps.gov/fowa/historyculture/the-fall-of-fort-washington-and-the-battle-of-white-houselanding.htm
simple.wikipedia.org
4gwar.wordpress.com
en.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
Bibliography
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craigtowens.com
simple.wikipedia.org
en.wikipedia.org
starspangledtrail.net
www.monumentcity.org
www.eighteentwelve.ca
www.legendsofamerica.com
www.maine.gov
www.findagrave.com
www.nps.gov
en.wikipedia.org
dougtischler.blogspot.com
www.nydailynews.com