Transcript FRUTAFIT -INULIN SEMINAR

NWB Laboratories presents
Inulation© - Inulin
as
Nature’s
Formula
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
NWB Laboratories PRESENTS
®
CH2OH
What is Inulation
O
OH
HO
HO
O

Inulin is a polydisperse GFn
molecule

Linear chain of fructose units
HOCH2
O
HO
-
CH2
HO
having mainly one terminal
glucose molecule
O
n (2-60)
HOCH2
O

HO
CH2OH
HO
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Fructose units linked by
ß (2-1) bonds
Natural Occurrence

Inulation® - Inulin is found widely in over 36,000 plants,
including common vegetables, as its reserve energy food
e.g.:
Source
Inulin content
Chicory
15 - 20 %
Wheat
1- 4%
Garlic
9 - 16 %
Onion
1- 8%
Banana
0.3 - 0.7%
Asparagus
2- 3%
Leek
3 - 10 %
J. artichoke
16 - 20 %
• common in human food, and as an ingredient
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
GRAS
Primary US inulin intake
by food source
Wheat
69%
23%
2% Other
Onion
3%
3% Garlic
Banana
Source: CSFII 1994-96, 2 days, all individuals, midpoint values.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Health
concern/
disease
Preventative
Food Type
Fiber
22%
Bran/
grains
19%
Colon
Cancer
Fruit
6%
Vegetables
21%
Source: International Food Information Council (IFIC) 1998
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Health
concern/
disease
Fish/
fish oil
11%
Preventative
Food Type
Fruit
12%
Vegetables
17%
Heart
Disease
Fiber/
grains
10%
Low fat/
Cholesterol
Food
7%
Source: International Food Information Council (IFIC) 1998
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
number/g feces log10 scale
Harmful
2
Beneficial
Ps. aeruginosa
vibrionaceae
diarrhea/
constipation
infections
systemic
effects
pathogenic
(incl. production
of toxins)
staphylococci
clostridia
6
veillonellae
enterobacteria
prodn. of potential
carcinogens
E . coli
lactobacilli
8
sulphate reducers
prodn. of toxic H2S
anaerobic G+
cocci
methanogens
intestinal putrefaction
stimulate immune
functions through nonpathogenic means,
anti-tumor properties,
cholesterol reduction
lower gas distension
eubacteria
bifidobacteria
bacteroides
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inhibit growth
of exogenus and/or
harmful bacteria (competitive
exclusion, antimicrobials, low
pH)
11
aid in digestion and/or
absorption of food
ingredients/minerals
synthesis of vitamins
Disease conditions associated
with unbalanced eco-system






Autoimmune diseases,
such as rheumatoid
arthritis, Grave’s Disease,
and lupus
Candida yeast overgrowth
Urinary tract infections
IBS, IBD, Crohn’s
Ulcers
Food allergies and
intolerances
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories

Diarrheal disorders
(rotavirus, antibiotic
effects, E. coli)

Cirrhosis of the liver

Colo-rectal cancer

Digestive problems

Intestinal gas and bloating

CVD (Heart Disease)
METABOLIC FATE
Oral cavity
no hydrolysis
negligible bacterial utilization
negligible acid hydrolysis
no enzymatic hydrolysis
no absorption
Stomach
Small intestine
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
no enzymatic hydrolysis
no absorption
negligible fermentation
Colon
complete anaerobic fermentation
no absorption of inulin or its
monomeric building blocks
Stools
No excretion
Bifidogenic effects
Human in vivo study (15 g/d)
Before intake
After inulin intake
Bifidobacteria
20%
71%
12% Fusobacteria
65%
Fuso.
3%
3%
26%
Clostridia
0.3%
Bacteroides
Clostridia
Source: Gibson et al. Gastroenterology, 1995
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Health promoting functions of
Lactic acid bacteria
Bifidobacteria & Lactobacilli spp. and SCFA mediated effects
General bacteria effects
SCFA effects
produce B-vitamins, vitamin K,
digestive enzymes
colonic pH via acetate & lactate production
produce immune-stimulating
factors
acid environment inhibits activity of certain
procarcinogenic enzymes
absorb procarcinogens
convert NH3 to NH4, lowering it as a liver
inhibit growth of pathogens
toxin
reduce food intolerance &
allergies, I.e. lactose, protein
breakdown
improve absorption of calcium, iron, etc.
provide positive effects on carbohydrate and
lipid metabolism
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Physiological Effects (1)
Local (colonic) bacteria & SCFA
effects
pH of colon contents / stools
 Stool weight
 Colon mucosal weight
 Stool frequency
 Intestinal mean transit time
 Constipation

Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Physiological effects (2)
 Systemic


effects
Glycemic plasma response
Serum cholesterol/triglycerides
(propionate influence, bacterial
assimilation)

HDL/LDL cholesterol ratio

Immune response (GALT, ACP)
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Physiological effects (3)

Reduced incidence of colon cancer

Decrease in potential carcinogens

Decrease of secondary bile acids

Butyrate prevents carcinogenesis in colon cells

Reduced fecal transit time
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin improves mineral
bioavailability
Several animal (rodents) and human
studies have demonstrated significant
improvement of mineral balance,
particularly (Ca++, Mg++) and bone density
with inulin.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Mineral absorption
Human study (Healthy young men)
60
Control diet
Inulin diet
% absorption
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ca
Mg
Fe
Zn
Source: Coudray et al. 1997, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 51:375-80.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
INULIN IN CALCIUM
SUPPLEMENTATION

Improves calcium absorption and balance

Reduces bone loss

Improves bone density

Improved recycling estrogen reduces bone
loss in women
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Lipid Effects
mg/dL
Double blind, cross-over, randomized
human clinical study
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Control diet
Inulin diet
Serum
Total
LDLHDLtriglycerides cholesterol cholesterol cholesterol
Source: Causey JL, Xin-Chu Y, Tungland BC, Feirtag JM & Slavin JL, Nutr. Res. 1999, in press.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
INULIN IN LIPID CONTROL

Reduces serum and LDL-cholesterol

Reduces serum triglycerides

Promotes reduction in cholesterol synthesis

Increases HDL/LDL ratio

Inhibits biosynthesis of fatty acids
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin and cancer prevention
HIGH FIBER DIET
WITH INULIN
Putrefactive bacteria
(E. coli, clostridia)
reductase enzymes
Procarcinogens
Carcinogens
ß-glucuronidase
Glycosides
Nitro groups nitroreductase, NO3 reductase
Bile acids
glycocholic acid hydroxylase
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
aglycones
aromatic amines, hormonal subt.
secondary bile acids
Inulin and colon cancer
Total ACF
12 week rat study
140
5% inulin diet
ACF/colon
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Control
Inulin
B.
longum
Inulin+B.
longum
Source: Rowland et al. 1998, Carcinogenesis, v19(2):281-85
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin and reductase enzymes
activity h/g
5% inulin w/w diet
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ß-glucuronidase activity
Control
Inulin
B.
longum
Inulin+B.
longum
Source: Rowland et al. 1998, Carcinogenesis, v19(2):281-85
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
AS
IMMUNOSTIMULANT

REDUCTION IN TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC
BACTERIAL METABOLITES

HELPS REDUCE ECZEMA

HELPS CONTROL ALLERGIES & ASTHMA

DOWN REGULATES AUTOIMMUNE CONDITIONS

ACTIVATES THE ACP STIMULATION (IMPROVED
MACROPHAGE ACTIVITY)
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Candida albicans suppression

Opportunistic pathogen
•
systemic infections common with immunologically
compromised or with long term antibiotics

Invasion from GI tract important mechanism of
entry
 Competitively suppressed by SCFA and anti-
microbial-producing bifidobacteria &
lactobacilli
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Kennedy, 1995. Infection and Immunity, 654-63.
SCFA and Ulcerative Colitis

SCFA: acetate, propionate, n-butryate
irrigations
reduce
inflammation in distal UC

Intestinal cells prefer butyrate as an energy
source over glucose or glutamine

Colonic epithelial starvation may lead to
atrophy and colitis

Low SCFA levels are associated with active UC
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin/AAD Mechanism
Inulin specifically supports growth of healthy bacteria*
Bifidobacteria sp.
Lactobacilli sp.
produce antimicrobial cmpds.
acetic, lactic & benzoic acids,
H2O2, & bacteriocins-type cmpds.
Inhibits growth of
Clostridium difficile**
* Roberfroid et al. 1998. J. Nutr. 128:11-19.
** Rolfe, 1981. J. Inf. Dis., 143-3.
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories
Inulin and AAD
Human study (20 g/d inulin)
3-week double blind, crossover study
3.5E+9
3.0E+9
3.0E+9
Bifidobacteria
Lactobacilli
2.0E+9
1.5E+9
2.0E+9
1.5E+9
1.0E+9
1.0E+9
500.0E+6
500.0E+6
000.0E+0
000.0E+0
Control
Clostridium
2.5E+9
CFU
CFU
2.5E+9
3.5E+9
Inulin
Control
Inulin
Source: Causey JL, Xin-Chu Y, Tungland BC, Feirtag JM & Slavin JL, 1998
Inulation® - inulin - NWB Laboratories