Transcript Slayt 1 - La Casa degli Insegnanti

Education Population
• The population of Turkey
71 517 100 (2008 Year).
• Young Population
0-29 age group constitutes 52.8 % of the country
population.
• The population in compulsory education age group (6-14 ages)
is 11 527 000.
Administrative Control - Ministry of
National Education (MoNE)
Administrative legislation and supervision
related to formal and non-formal education
(except for higher education) is performed
by MoNE. MoNE is responsible for preparing
curriculum, maintaining coordination
between educational institutions,
construction of school buildings etc.
Pre-primary Education
Pre-primary education is an optional education stage
covering the education of children between 36 and 72
months. All pre-primary education institutions are under
the supervision of MoNE. Main pre-primary education
providers are MoNE, some public institutions and private
education institutions.
•Kindergartens 3 -6 age
•Nursery classes or practice classes 5 – 6 age
Compulsory Education
Primary School
Grade 1 – 8
Ages 6 – 14
• Compulsory education is 8 years.
• Schooling rate in primary education is 96.49% (2008/09
school year).
• The maximum number of pupils per class as officially
specified is 30. This number is avarage 40-50 in the city
centers, but in the villages this can be 15-20.
• All schools are in co-education.
• For grades 1 to 5, in general classroom teachers are
individually responsible for their classes. However, in
grades 6 to 8 and some subjects (e.g. physical training,
music, art, foreign language) in grades 4 and 5 are
delivered by field specialists.
Curriculum Control and Content
The curriculum is determined at national level by MoNE Turkish Board of
Education.
In primary schools, courses are determined according to the grades.
Compulsory core courses
Turkish, math, sciences, science and technology, social sciences, civic,
history, foreign language, religion and ethics, drawing, music, physical
education, traffic and first-aid training and miscellaneous individual and
collective activities.
Elective courses
Computer education, drama, speech and writing, a second foreign
language, tourism, agriculture and animal husbandry, and local
handicrafts.
Post-compulsory education/upper
secondary and post-secondary level
Types of education/Institutions
Types of education
General Secondary Education
School types
General High School
Ages
14-17
Anatolian High School
Science High School
Social Science High School
Fine Art and Sports High
School Anatolian Teacher
High School
Multi-Programmed High
Schools
Vocational and Technical Secondary Education Technical High School
Industrial Vocational Schools
Hotel and Tourism Vocational
High School
Business High School
Health Vocational High
School and the others
14-17
•Secondary education is provided in general, vocational
and technical education institutions offering at four years
of education for those who have completed primary
education.
•Secondary education covers 14-17 age cord.
•In 2008/09 academic year, net schooling rate in
•secondary education was 58.56%.
Higher Education
Structure
Higher education institutions consist of universities, higher
technology institutes and independent vocational higher
schools. Except the very few independent vocational higher
schools, higher education institutions are gathered under the
frame of university/higher technology institute.
Universities (including higher technology institutes)
consist of at least some of the following affiliated units:
•Faculties: bodies responsible for undergraduate
education (four years), scholarly research and
publications.
•Graduate schools: institutions for graduate education
within universities. There are basically three kinds of
graduate schools in the fields of health, social sciences
and sciences.
•Vocational higher schools: Vocationally oriented two or
four years school.
Teachers and Education Staff
Transition of Teacher Education to the Universities
Situation and Developments after 1982 (all stages)
•With the Decree Law No 41 dated July 20, 1982, all the
institutions training teachers, affiliated to the MoNE as all the
higher education institutions other than universities were
affiliated to universities.
•With the Regulation in 1982, basic resource of teacher
training for elementary schools, lower secondary schools and
secondary schools became faculties of education.
•By the year of 1997, HEC (Higher Education Committee)
rearranges teacher education, names of the departments,
divisions and programs were reorganized, curricula are
developed and teacher education for primary education (in
1997, compulsory education was expanded to 8 years, first
schools and middle schools were united under the name of
primary education by the law numbered 4306) and
secondary education were restructured.
•Initial teacher training programs were updated in 20062007.
Institutions, Level and Models of
Training
Teacher education institutions, levels and
duration may be grouped:
Faculty of Education
•Programs training teachers for primary
education (teachers for pre-primary education,
teachers for primary schools, teachers of
sciences etc.): at the undergraduate level (4
years),
•Programs training teachers for secondary
education (teachers of physics, of history etc.):
master’s level (5 years),
• Programs training teachers for both of the stages (teachers
of music, painting, foreign language, physical training etc.): at
the undergraduate level (4 years).
• Other Faculties (Faculty of Art and Sciences )
MA Degree not requiring a thesis following bachelor’s degree
(1.5 year).
• Teacher Training for Vocational and Technical Education
• Faculties of Vocational Education
at undergraduate level (4 years)
• Faculties of Technical Education
at undergraduate level (4 years)
In-service Training
• It is obligatory for the in-service training activities to be
performed in accordance with the defined regulations and
planning by the Directoriate for In-service Training. Also, in
order to provide the teachers with opportunity to have
education at the higher education level at home and
abroad, the teachers are granted paid or unpaid vacation.
• On the other hand, MoNE has a tendency to use the elearning methods for the vocational development of the
teachers in a more widespread manner. Examples of these
are the training portal in MoNE Web Site, data access portal
(Global Gateway, Skool.tr Portal, think.com), Microsoft
Collaboration in Education (Distance Teacher Training)
Programs.
• Participation to the in-service-tarining activities (except
primary education seminaries) are not compulsory. But, in
the placement to some positions, in-service training related
with that position may be reason of preference. Additionally,
in moving up the steps of career, in service and upper level
trainings of the teachers are also credited.
Ongoing Debates and Future
Developments
• Revision of Teacher Training Programs (2006-2007):
Following the comprehensive program makingradical changes
on teacher training commenced in 1997, HEC made some
changes in said program having been conducted more than
eight years in 2006.
• Teacher Qualification Studies by the MoNE: MoNE General
Directoriate for Teacher Training has completed the “teacher
competences” study carried out in the context of a Project
(TEDP) supported by European Union and was put into effect
in the frame of an “action plan”.
• This study is expected to have orienting function on the
determinig teacher education policies and on the
subjects of pre-service teacher training programs, inservice-tarining of the teachers, teacher selection,
evaluation of teacher performance, etc.
• Accreditation of Teacher Training Programs: HEC
brought the issue of Faculty of Education Accreditation in
Turkey into the agenda in 1998 by a series of studies and
activities, and between 1998-2002 pilot studies were
conducted. It is expected that these studies are started
once more under the Bologna Process.
Current Reforms in the Turkish
Education System
In Turkish education system, a series of renovations and
developments have been implemented in various subjects in
recent years; and currently a series of reforms are being
planned and discussed.
MoNE realizes various reform studies to create a welfare
society dominating science and technology, using technology
consciously and producing new technology, gathering the
ability to transform technological advancements to social and
economical profit, valued position in the world and integrate
European Union countries.
•Master Plan on Education: 1996 – 2011
•Project for Being Abreast of the Time in Education 2000
•Basic Education Program (BEP) I. and II. Phase: Phase I and
II of the roject has been finished.
Basic Education Program (BEP)
I. and II. Phase
By means of this program, it is aimed to ensure the
advancement given below to expand primary
education, increase the quality and make schools
learning centers of society.
• Increase the rate of attendance to schools in eightyear primary education from 86% to 100%,
• Increase the rate of attendance in pre-school
education from 7% to 16%,
• Create additional capacity at schools (additional capacity for
3,5 million pupils)
• Reduce the numbers present in classrooms to 30,
• Abolish dual education in time,
• Teach at least one foreign language to each pupil,
• Generalize usage of computer technologies in education
(Establishing computer labs in every primary education
schools)
• Improving the conditions of all schools in rural areas (35 000
schools).
Developments in the Turkish
Education System
1. Schooling rate in pre-primary education has been
increased from 11.8 % in 2002/03 to 33 % in 2008/09.
2.
Lengthening the Term of Compulsory Education: 4306
numbered Law (dated 18.08.1997) stipulatesincrease in
the duration of compulsory education to 8 years and
undertaking primary education in integrity (merger of
primary education and lower secondary education
institutions) is adopted and entered into force.
3. Lengthening of term of secondary education (high schools)
to four years: Within the framework ofstructures intended
for restructuring of the upper secondary education,
07.06.2005 dated and 184numbered resolution of the Talim
ve Terbiye Kurulu (TTK) stipulates increase in academic term
ofthree - year vocational and technical high schools and
general high schools gradually to 4 yearsbeginning from the
9th grades as of 2005-2006 academic year.
4. Developing an effective guidance and orientation system
which improves individual and social life.
5. Primary and secondary education curricula have been
renovated with a constructivist approach between 2004
and 2006. Connected to these, new textbooks, teacher
manuals, and student workbooks have been issued and
provided free to primary education students starting from
2002 and secondary education students starting from
2006.
6. General and vocational secondary education institutions
have been re-constructed so as to depend on program
variation instead of school variation to be implemented
starting from 2009/10. These efforts are ongoing.
7. School-industry relationships in vocational and technical
education have been developing. Also, an e-graduate
(alumni follow-up) project has been started to gather data
on high school graduates’ transition to work.
8. By means of public resources and contributions of nonprofit agencies and organizations 130 thousands
classrooms have constructed and schooling capacity have
developed between 2003 and 2008. This number
corresponds to 31 % of total number of classrooms
constructed until 2003.
9. To meet the intense social demand to higher education,
the number of public and private higher education
institutions has been increased significantly. In this context,
54 new universities have been constructed (13 of them are
private universities) in last five years.
10. To enhance teacher quality, in the system of pre-service
teacher training several regulations have been conducted
since 1997. In the context of these efforts, the graduation
level of secondary school teachers has increased from
four to five years. The practices related with the inservice-training of teachers are increasing gradually. In
this context, in the scope of 'education for future' project,
500 thousands of teachers are targeted to become
computer literate until 2011. 96 thousands teachers have
been educated so far.
11. To widespread information technologies in the schools,
ADSL connection has provided to all schools (31 922
schools) having sufficient infrastructure. According to this
effort, 96 % of the students in primary and secondary
schools can access internet connected computer.
Ongoing Debates in the Turkish
Education System
MoNE has carried out innovative efforts to increase
standards of Turkish education system to that of OECD
and EU countries.
Some of these efforts can be summarized as follows:
● Studies on restructuring MoNE
● Lowering the Starting Age of Primary (Compulsory)
Education
The 17th National Educational Counsil gathered in 13-17
November 2006 has proposed that the studies must begin as
early as possible to lower the beginning age of primary
education as making the last year of pre-primary education
(the era 60th - 72th months) compulsory
(http://www.ttkb.meb.gov.tr).
Parallel to the recommendation, MoNE is considering to
lower the starting age to primary schools from 6 to 5,
beginning with the 2008-2009 Education Term. It is planned
that the implementation of the initiation will be completed
by the year 2013, as proposed in 9th development plan.
● Transportable Schools and Mobile Teachers Projects
MoNE has initiated a project for the purpose of giving
opportunity to the pupils in remote rural areas with no school.
It is reported that pre-fabric mobile schools built in one week
are available. These schools have almost every facility in it.
Additionally, the project will provide economical saving.
Similarly, MoNE initiates a new project called “Mobile Teacher
Project”. The main purpose of the project is to prevent having
some schools where lectures can not be thought due to lack
of teacher, especially in remote rural areas.
● Action Plan for Reducing and Preventing Violance in
Educational Settings (2006-2011)
● Education for the Future” Program
It has been reported on the MoNE Budget Report for the Year
2008 that 500 thousand teachers will be given computer
courses by the year 2011 through the mentioned program.
● e- State Project
MoNE e-Personnel Project
MoNE e- Gradute Project
MoNE e-Registration Project
MoNE e-School Project
Thanks;
For more detailed information on the
education systems in Turkey, you may
consult the EURYDICE data base,
EURYBASE (http://www.eurydice.org)