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STRATEGIC, LEGISLATIVE and ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR REDUCING
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN WALES
Dr.Andy Rees
Head of Welsh Assembly Government’s
Waste Strategy Unit
The major strategic drivers European I
The Waste Framework Directive (75/442/EEC as
amended by 91/156/EEC and 91/692/EEC)
 requires member states to:
 take all necessary steps to prevent waste generation;
 to encourage reuse; and
 to ensure safe disposal
• and which established the following principles of:
 self-sufficiency; and
 proximity
• requiring Member States to establish an integrated and
adequate network of disposal installations.
• Member States are required to draw up waste
management plans as a major mechanism to achieve
this policy.
The major strategic drivers European - II
• EU’s 6th Environment Action Programme
– Integrated Product Policy
– Thematic Strategy on Resources
– Thematic Strategy on Waste Prevention &
Recycling
Integrated Product Policy
• Aim: To reduce the environmental impacts from products throughout their
life-cycle, harnessing, where possible, a market driven approach, within which
competitiveness concerns are integrated.
• Actions:
– Tools for creating the right economic & legal framework
• Taxes & subsidies
• Voluntary agreements / standardisation
• Legislation
– Promoting the application of life-cycle thinking
• LCA tools
• EMSs
• Product Design obligations (eg. draft Directive on Eco-Design of EndUse Equipment)
– Giving consumers the information to decide
• Greening public procurement (Member State action plans by 2006)
• Eco labelling
Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use
of Natural Resources
• Aim: To decouple resource use and environmental impact from economic
growth and prosperity
• Problem:
Resource use per product is decreasing, but this is being
overtaken by the increase in the number of products that are manufactured
• 3 strategic elements proposed in recent EC Communication:
– Knowledge gathering
– Policy assessment
– Policy integration
Thematic Strategy on Waste Prevention &
Recycling
• Waste Prevention:
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identify potentials
exchange good practice
future chemicals policy (REACH)
voluntary/mandatory waste prevention plans?
Waste prevention under IPPC
• Recycling:
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material based recycling targets?
fiscal measures
producer responsibility
make recycling easier & cleaner
definition of waste
source segregation
The major strategic drivers UK
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Waste Strategy 2000 (for England)
Cabinet Office/PIU - “Resource Productivity - Making More With Less”
Prime Minister’s Strategy Unit (was PIU) - ‘Waste Not, Want Not’ - Nov
2002
DTI/DEFRA Framework on Sustainable Consumption and Production “Changing Patterns” - Sep 2003
The major strategic drivers resource productivity
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Measures the efficiency of the economy in generating output without using
up natural resources - including the capacity of the environment to absorb
our waste and pollution
Landfill is not consistent with the concept of resource efficiency since it
removes useful resources and materials out of the economic cycle where
they can no longer be used
Every tonne of waste products landfilled represents many more tonnes of
other wasted resources used to produce those landfilled waste products
Landfill also damages the environment
The major strategic drivers -Wales
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Sustainable Development Scheme - Learning to Live Differently & its
review (out for consultation)
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Wise About Waste - The National Waste Strategy for Wales (more
later….)
The latest major legislative drivers EU
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PPC Directive
EC Landfill Directive
EC Packaging, ELV & WEEE Directives
Animal By-Products Regulations
Changes to Hazardous Waste list
Proposed Directive on the Management of Waste from the Extractive
Industries
Proposed Biowaste (Composting) Directive
The Landfill Directive - major
implications
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Changes landfill practice - no co-disposal
No hazardous waste landfills in Wales?
Tightens landfill standards
Requires pre-treatment of all landfilled wastes
Strict Waste Acceptance Criteria
Sets targets to substantially reduce landfill of biodegradable municipal
waste
Landfill costs will rise (+ Landfill Tax)
EC Composting Directive (draft)
• Working Document on the Biological Treatment of Biowaste
(Feb 2001 draft):
– promotes biological treatment of biowaste which cannot be reused or recycled;
– requires source separation of biowastes (population size
dependent);
– unsorted wastes subjected to biological treatment would
still be regarded as a waste not compost
– compost must fulfil environmental quality standards and must be
suitable for agricultural improvement or ecological benefit
The latest major legislative
drivers - UK
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PPC Regulations
Landfill Regulations (England & Wales)
Waste & Emissions Trading Bill & Municipal Waste Management (Wales)
Regulations
Animal By-Products Regulations
Revisions to the exemptions under the Waste Management Licensing
Regulations
Revisions to the Special Waste Regulations
Agricultural Waste Regulations
Hazardous Waste
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Changes to EC Hazardous Waste list - new England and Wales
Regulations long overdue
– Will incorporate newly hazardous wastes (e.g. TVs, fluorescent
lights)
DEFRA/WAG to consult soon on major changes to Special Waste
Regs (likley to include producer registration)
July 2004 ban on co-disposal in landfill
– 0 hazardous waste landfills in Wales
– ca. 10 in England
Landfilled hazardous waste subject to treatment and waste
acceptance criteria
Need new hazardous waste management facilities across Wales (2
landfills?, treatment, storage, transfer etc)
The major economic drivers
for landfill reduction
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Landfill Tax to £35 per tonne
Implications of legislation:
– Higher landfill standards
– Costs of treatment prior to landfill and meeting Waste Acceptance
Criteria
– Increase in hazardous waste costs
Aggregates Levy £1.60 per tonne
Supply chain pressure
Public image
Wise About Waste - the National
Waste Strategy for Wales -objectives
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To make Wales a model for sustainable waste management
by adopting and implementing a sustainable, integrated
approach to waste production, management and regulation
(including litter and flytipping) which:
– minimises the production of waste and its impact on the
environment,
– maximises the use of unavoidable waste as a resource, and
– minimises, where practicable, the use of energy from waste
and landfill.
To comply with the requirements of relevant European
Council (EC) waste Directives and UK legislation
Wales targets - Municipal Waste
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By 2009/10 waste arisings per household should be  those in
1997/98
Recycling/ composting targets for municipal waste:
– 2009/10 at least 40%, min 15% composting (source segregated
only)
Provision of hazardous waste reception facilities at Civic Amenity
sites
EC Landfill Directive Targets to reduce biodegradable municipal
waste (BMW) to landfill:
– by 2020 we can only landfill 35% of the BMW we produced in
1995.
Other Wales targets
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Public & Private sector waste minimisation:
– by 2010 achieve a reduction in waste produced equivalent to at least
10% of the 1998 arisings figure
Construction and demolition waste re-use/recycling:
– by 2010, to re-use or recycle at least 85% of C&D waste produced
Use of secondary aggregates (draft):
– Within 5 years increase proportion of aggregate supply from secondary
and recycled sources to at least 25% of total
Reducing landfill (all wastes and specifically for biodegradable wastes):
– by 2010, to reduce the amount of industrial and commercial waste sent
to landfill to less than 80% of that landfilled in 1998;
Reducing hazardous waste:
– by 2010, to reduce the amount of hazardous waste generated
by at least 20% compared with 2000 (for those wastes classified
as special in 2000)
Strategic actions for Municipal Waste
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NAW Performance Indicators & Policy Agreements
Funding:
– Additional £88m for local authorities for 5 years
– Support for community recycling sector (NOF £3 m + Cylch
core funding)
– Probable £15m Strategic Recycling Scheme fund
‘High Diversion’ Exemplars
WET Bill (allowances + statutory MWMSs)
Municipal waste composition project
Waste Awareness Wales education campaign
Public sector waste minimisation campaign
Actions for industrial and commercial
wastes
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Increase recycling of commercial wastes
Public Sector Waste Minimisation Campaign
Support for business through WAG Business and Environment
Action Plan
– 22 Business & Environment Co-Ordinators
– “EM4 Wales”
– Green Dragon
– Business Waste Sub Group
Hazardous Waste Forum & Action Plan
Hazardous waste ‘Communications Plan’
Hazardous waste treatment consultancy
Actions for infrastructure and market
development
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Regional Waste Plans - November 2003
Unitary Development Plans - site identification
Funding support for new facilities
– Objective One Priority 6 Measure 4
– RSA, AIG, WRAP, SRS etc.
WDA Environmental Goods & Services Programme
Recycling/composting markets
– Creating Welsh Markets for Reyclate (Wales Environment Trust) £1.7 million
– Waste and Resources Action Programme
– Public sector green procurement
Secondary aggregates
– Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund
Improving our understanding
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R&D priorities:
– data
– health
– innovation
– product development
– recycling/composting markets
– tools
Wales Centre of Excellence in Waste Research
2nd EA survey of industrial & commercial waste
OPPORTUNITIES FOR BUSINESS
• Saving money by reducing waste arisings
• Innovation / new business opportunities
– new technologies
– new facilities
– new practices
– new markets
– new products
– extensive consultancy