Transcript Verbal Crisis Intervention - Albuquerque Public Schools

Risk Management
Department
Welding Safety
May, 2008
1
Welding
Safety
Introduction
If you weld as part of your job, you probably already have a
great deal of experience.
In the interest of keeping you and your co-workers safe, APS
has developed this training to remind you of rules and
procedures for welding safely.
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Welding
Safety
Introduction
In this training we will cover:
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
What is welding?
What are the hazards?
How do we deal with hazards?
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Welding
Safety
What is Welding?
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
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Welding joins two pieces of metal by the use of heat and/or
pressure
Brazing or soldering involves a filler metal which has a lower
melting point than the metal pieces to be joined
Metal cutting is done by heating the metal
with a flame and directing a stream of
pure oxygen along the line to be cut
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Welding
Safety
What is Welding?
There are many types of welding:
 Arc Welding
 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
 Metal Inert Gas (MIG)
 Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG)
 Plaza Arc Welding (PAW)
 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
 And Many More…..more than 80 in all
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
As you know, welding can be a dangerous business. There can
be many health hazards associated with welding:
Gases and fumes
Heat and burns
Visible and invisible radiation
Musculoskeletal disorders
Electrical hazards, and…
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
Fires and explosions
Dangerous machinery
Trips and falls
Compressed Gas
Noise
Confined spaces
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Gases and fumes
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Welding “Smoke” is a mixture of very fine particles
It can be made up of chromium, nickel, arsenic, asbestos,
manganese, silica, beryllium, cadmium, nitrogen oxides,
phosgene, acrolein, flourine compounds,
carbon monoxide, cobalt, copper, lead,
ozone, selenium, and zinc
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
Gases and fumes
Generally, gases and fumes come from…
Base material & filler material
Coatings & paints
Shielding gases & chemical reactions
Process & consumables used
Contaminants in the air

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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
Gases and fumes
Exposure to welding “smoke” may have:
Short-term effects
• Effects happen at or very soon after exposure
Long-term effects
• Effects may happen after repeated overexposures or an
extended time after the exposure

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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
Gases and fumes - short-term exposure
 Exposure to zinc, magnesium, copper and copper oxide
can cause metal fume fever
 Symptoms of metal fume fever may occur 4 to 12 hours
after exposure
 Symptoms include:
Chills, thirst, fever, muscle ache, chest soreness,
coughing, wheezing, fatigue, nausea, and metallic taste
in mouth
 Welding “smoke” can irritate the eyes, nose, chest and
respiratory tract
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
Gases and fumes - short-term exposure
 Welding “smoke” can cause coughing, wheezing,
shortness of breath, bronchitis, pulmonary edema, and
pneumonitis
 Welding “smoke” can cause nausea, loss of appetite,
vomiting, cramps, and slow digestion
 Exposure to cadmium can be fatal in a short time
 Ultraviolet radiation can react with oxygen and nitrogen
to form ozone and nitrogen oxides.
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
Gases and fumes Long-term exposure
 Cancer – lung, larnyx and urinary tract
 Chronic respiratory problems, including…
Bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, emphysema,
pneumoconiosis, decreased lung capacity and silicosis
 Other health problems…
Heart disease, skin diseases, hearing loss, chronic
gastritis, gastro-duodenitis, and ulcers of the stomach
and small intestine
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Heat and burns
 Heat exposure, heat stress and heat stress
 Burns, hot slag, metal chips, sparks, and hot electrodes
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Visible and invisible radiation
 Visible light, and ultraviolet and infrared radiation
 Intense light can cause damage to retina
 Infrared radiation may damage the cornea and result in
cataracts
 Invisible UV light can cause “arc eye” or “welders’ flash.”
May include sandy or gritty eye, blurred vision, intense
pain, tearing, burning and headache
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Musculoskeletal disorders
 Back injuries, shoulder pain, tendonitis, reduced muscle
strength, carpal tunnel syndrome, white finger, and joint
diseases
 Injuries may be caused by overhead work, vibration and
heavy lifting
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Electrical hazards
 Even though welding generally uses low voltage, there is
still a danger of electric shock
 Wet work areas
 Even small shock can cause brain
damage
 Death can occur from large shocks
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards
?
Electrical hazards
 Always use dry gloves
 Always wear rubber soled shoes
 Always use insulating layers
 Protect yourself from surfaces that conduct electricity
 When working on electrically powered machinery, make
sure the frame is grounded
 Keep insulation on all welding equipment and
components dry and in good condition
 Don’t change electrodes with bare hands, wet gloves or
while standing on wet or ungrounded surfaces
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Fire and explosion hazards
 Intense heat and sparks can cause fires or explosions if
in the vicinity of combustible or flammable materials
 Welding and cutting should only be performed in areas
free of combustible materials such as trash, wood, paper,
textiles, plastics, chemicals, and flammable dusts, liquids
and gases
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Fire and explosion hazards
 Never weld or cut on containers that have held a
flammable or combustible material unless the container
is thoroughly cleaned or filled with an inert gas
 A fire inspection should be performed prior to leaving a
work area and for at least 30 minutes after the operation
is completed
 Fire extinguishers should be nearby, of
proper size, type and number for the
hazards involved
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Dangerous machinery
 All machines in the area with moving parts must be
guarded to prevent worker’s contact
 When repairing machinery by brazing and welding,
power must be disconnected, lockedout, and tagged so the machinery
cannot be started up accidentally
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Trips and Falls
 Keep work areas clear of equipment, machines, cables,
and hoses
 Always properly maintain and use handrails
 Always use and maintain safety lines, harnesses and
lanyards
 Always make sure that scaffolds are
properly assembled and used
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Compressed Gas
 Gas welding and cutting use a fuel gas and oxygen which
are stored in high pressure cylinders
 Most fuel gases are explosive
 Pure oxygen will increase the flammability of any
combustible/flammable material
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Compressed Gas
 All cylinders should have caps or regulators
 Pressure regulators must be designed for gas in use
 Check all equipment and components prior to use
 Cylinders must be stored upright
and secured
 Oxygen and fuel gas cylinders
must be stored separately
 Close cylinder valves when work
is completed or left unattended
during breaks, etc.
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Confined space
 A work area with limited access, little or no airflow, not
intended for continuous occupation
 May also have dangerous atmospheres, hazardous
configurations, or other hazards
 All employees working in or around
confined spaces must be trained
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Confined space
 Never weld or cut in explosive, flammable, combustible
or other dangerous environments
 Always use all necessary Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE), including, harness and lanyard, respiratory
protection, eye protection, etc.
 Never work in confined space
without a trained attendant
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Welding
Safety
What are the Health Hazards?
Confined space
 Always leave gas cylinders and welding power sources
outside the confined space
 Only take hoses or welding leads into confined space
 Always removed hoses and/or leads when leaving
confined space for breaks, shift or crew changes, etc.
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
A Three-Step Process:
Identify Hazard(s)
Implement appropriate control method(s)
Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
Identify Hazard
 Identify hazards and potential hazards prior to beginning
hot work
 Read the MSDS sheet to identify the hazardous material
used in welding and cutting products, and the fumes that
may be generated
 Make sure that you know what you are
welding before beginning
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
Controls
 Substitute less hazardous materials for hazardous
materials
 Use cadmium-free silver solders
 Use asbestos- free electrodes, gloves, and hot pads
 Use ventilation to move away or
dilute hazards
 Use work area barriers to protect
others working in the same general
area
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
Controls
 Modify the process or follow safe work practices so that
hazards are eliminated or reduced to the minimum
•
Don’t weld on painted surfaces
•
Position yourself away from fumes; remove nearby
flammables/combustibles
•
Properly maintain equipment
•
Proper housekeeping
•
Use lowest possible amperage

Never weld or cut within 200 feet of
degreasing equipment or solvents
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 PPE must be used in conjunction with controls and safe
work practices
 Eye protection should be used in
all welding operations
 Use appropriate filters on eye
protection
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
 Fire resistant gauntlet gloves
 Headcap
 High top hard toed shoes
 Leather apron
 Faceshield
 Flame retardant clothing
 Safety Glasses
 Safety helmet
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hearing protection
 Ear plugs and/or muffs should be
worn during noisy operations such
as air arcing or grinding
 Most welding operations are noisy
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Welding
Safety
How do we Deal With Hazards?
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Respirators
 Must be specific to the hazard
 Must be fitted, cleaned, stored and
maintained in accordance to
regulation and manufacturers’
specifications
 NIOSH recommends respirators
whenever a carcinogen is present
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Welding
Safety
You are finished!
You have finished the Welding Safety training.
Download the quiz from the Risk Management website’s
training page.
Print the form and be sure to write your name, location and
employee number in the spaces provided.
Complete the ten questions and have your supervisor send it
to the Risk Management office
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