Transcript Outside Truck Operations

Rapid Intervention Operations
This is an overview of Rapid intervention
Operations at every fire. This class does not
teach skills but instead reviews what tasks a
rapid intervention team or group should
consider and how to prioritize those tasks.
Further training in technique is needed in
order to be proficient at these tasks.
RIT vs RIG
• The considerations discussed in this class are
applicable regardless of the size or type of
building.
• RIT and RIG are only different in the regards to
the number of personnel to be managed.
• The considerations in this class should be
made at every fire regardless of RIT or RIG.
RIT vs RIG
• The number of personnel needed for rapid
intervention is based on the incident.
• It is the responsibility of the officer assigned
this task to request additional resources or
turn away resources based on their need.
Rapid Intervention Strategies
Rapid Intervention Strategies
• Prepare
• Prevent
• Rescue
The priority of these strategies are based on the
incident. They may be done simultaneously or
the priority may change as the incident changes.
Strategy Priority Examples
Fire Crews are still preparing – Preparing can be
the priority.
Fire Crews are in hazard area – prevention is
done first or in conjunction with preparing.
Mayday is called during set up – Rescue moves
ahead of preparing and prevention.
Preparation
Preparing Tasks
• Size – Up
• Set –up
• Plan
• Communicate
• Monitoring the incident
Size Up – IC Briefing
Team Leader/Group Supervisor
– Type and use of bldg.
– Area of involvement & Fire conditions.
– Current location of crews & assignments
– Specific hazards
– Elapsed time at incident
Size Up – Walk around
Search team/RIT members
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Building dimensions
Areas of involvement
Location of crews
Irregularities
Potential hazards
Entry points or external openings
Layout of interior hallways
Set up - Equipment
Thermal imager
RIT Pack(s)
200’ Kevlar search line
Forcible entry
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“Irons” or equivalent
Per member:
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PPE & SCBA with 60 minute bottles
Box Light (or suitable light)
Set Up - Hose
– 13/4” hose (dry)
• 200’ with a wye and
appropriate nozzle
– 21/2” hose (dry)
• Enough to reach to the
furthest point of the
building (180 degrees)
– 21/2” (or larger) hose
(charged)
• From pumping engine
to RIT staging location
Plan
• Ask –
– What can go wrong at THIS incident?
– How will we handle it if it does?
• Answer these questions based in the intel. you
received from your size up.
• Make assignments – who will do what if
deployed.
Communicate
• Fire ground channel – Suppression crew’s
channel.
• Rescue channel - RI’s channel
– Communication between RI members while
monitoring the fire incident.
– Communication between RI members during a
rescue.
Monitoring an Incident
• Listen to fire ground channel and monitor
interior activities.
• Divide RI members to watch 4 sides of
building.
• Communicate on Rescue Channel significant
observations to other RI members:
– Crew movements
– Fire conditions
– Building conditions
Monitoring an Incident
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Know what is going on.
Look for changes.
Communicate these changes.
Change Rapid intervention plan accordingly.
Communicate safety issues to safety
officer/IC.
Prevention
Prevention Tasks
• Laddering
• Forcible Entry (Softening the
Structure)
• Utilities
Laddering
Ladder Package – a set of
ladders placed on the
building in order to:
• Create access for crews
to upper floors or roofs.
• Perform rescues.
• Create egress for crews
on upper stories or
roofs.
Laddering
• Establish a Ladder
Package based on:
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Building construction
Building Occupancy
Fire Location
Location of crews
Strategy of fire
Rescue situation
Laddering for Roof Operations
• Primary ladder used by roof crew for
normal access and
egress of roof.
– Location: Uninvolved
area of building.
• Crews should gain
access to roof from
the uninvolved part
of building and travel
towards the involved.
Laddering for Roof Operations
• Working Set - a single or set
of ladders placed for
emergency egress from the
roof.
– Location: As close to where
the roof crew is working as
possible.
– Purpose: If roof weakens,
crews should be able to travel
90 degrees from their work
area to a secure wall and find
their working set.
– Number of ladders in a
working set: 1 ladder for 1-2
personnel, 2 ladders for 3-4.
Laddering for Roof Operations
• Secondary ladder - Ladder placed opposite of where
the roof crew is working for egress if they are cut off
from primary ladder and working set.
– Location: Opposite side of peak on pitched roofs. Opposite
corner of primary ladder on flat roof.
Laddering for Upper Floor Egress
• First ladder: Fire room
• Second ladder: Rooms
adjacent to fire room.
Where will crews be in
the most danger and
need the quickest
egress if things go
wrong?
Laddering for Upper Floor Egress
• Location of ladders:
Under window sill for
easy ladder bail under
the heat.
Laddering for Rescue Operations
• Conscious Victims:
– Communicate with
victims.
– Extend ladder away from
their reach and lower
into building.
– Do not place ladder until
rescuer is ready to climb
instantly (Mask, gloves,
helmet on ready to
climb.)
– Communicate
Laddering for Rescue Operations
• Unconscious Victims:
– Ladder under window
sill.
– Do not extend tip into
window unless window
is big enough that it will
not impede getting on
and off ladder.
Laddering for Rescue Operations
• Vent-Enter Search procedures:
• Break window
• Check floor for victims and stability.
• Check for flashover conditions (Bare hand check of smoke
temperature)
• If a go, Enter room
• Locate door and close it (Membrane protection from fire.)
• Search and locate victim.
• Ask for help if needed. (If not needed keep partner on
ladder ready to receive)
• Remove victim.
Forcible Entry
Softening the Structure:
1. Creating egress
points for interior
crews.
2. Creating egress
points for victims
3. Creating access
points for attack crews
and Rapid Intervention.
Softening the Structure
• Open exterior man doors
Softening the Structure
Remove security bars
Softening the Structure
Opening roll-up doors
Softening the Structure
Removing fences
Softening the Structure
• Consider placing lights or glow
sticks inside egresses to help lost
crew members locate them.
Softening the Structure vs. Ventilation
Remember, air currents, (higher pressure air
moving to lower pressure) will spread fire and
fresh air will intensify fire(Ventilation
controlled).
DO NOT affect fire spread by creating openings!
Create egresses but keep the box closed as
much as possible.
Utilities
• Electrical
• Gas
• Water
Gas
• Natural Gas meters
– Typically on building.
• Propane tanks
– May be against or away from building.
Notify gas companies prior to leaving scene and do
not restore gas yourself.
Electric
• Look for outside shut offs.
• Look for panels in garages or utility rooms.
• Interior shut offs can be accessed by inside truck
operation crews during searches.
Do not pull electric meters!
Why?
• Safety
• PUD Request
• WAC
Prevention
Ways out.
Prevention
• Ways off.
Prevention
Open the building.
Prevention
• Make it safe.
Prioritizing Prevention Tasks
Prioritizing Tasks
• It is up to the team leader to prioritize the
tasks associated with Rapid intervention
• These priorities must be made based on:
– The fire conditions.
– The Fire ground strategy.
– Location of the Fire
– Location of fire crews
Prioritizing
• Example 1:
Size-Up: 2 story wood frame
house. Fire on second
floor.
Strategy: Offensive attack
with Vertical ventilation.
Crew locations: E61 – Interior
attack 2nd floor. A62 –
vertical ventilation on roof.
E64 – Primary search.
You are assigned RIT.
How do you prioritize your
tasks?
Prioritizing
Example 1
• Priority 1: Ladders to second floor for interior
crews egress.
• Priority 2: Working set to roof crew.
• Priority 3: Secondary ladder to roof crew.
• Priority 4: Utilities
• Priority 5: Forcible entry 1st floor.
Prioritizing
• Example 2:
– Size-up: Working fire in 2
story, wood frame house.
Fire on first floor.
– Strategy: Offensive attack
with PPV ventilation.
– Assignments: E61 – Interior
attack 1st floor and PPV.
A62 – Primary search,
inside fire extension.
You are assigned RIT.
How do you prioritize your
tasks?
Prioritizing
Example 2
• Priority 1: Forcible entry 1st floor
• Priority 2: Utilities
• Priority 3: Ladders to second floor (Inside
truck crew will be doing primary search and
checking for extension 2nd floor).
Prioritizing
• Example 3:
– Size-up: 2 story apartment
building. Known victims
trapped second floor.
Multiple victims at
windows second floor. Fire
on first floor.
– Strategy: Rescue
– Assignments: E61 – Interior
attack 1st floor. E64 & E63:
Search and rescue 2nd floor.
A62: exterior rescue:
You are assigned RIG.
How do you prioritize your
tasks?
Prioritizing
Example 3
• Priority 1: Ladders to second floor for rescue.
Triage victims for most threatened.
• Priority 2: Ladders to second floor for crew
egress (Most likely one in the same)
• Priority 3: Forcible entry 1st floor for interior
attack crew.
• Priority 4: Utilities
Rescue
Rescue Tasks
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Access
Water
Air
Radio (Communicate a plan)
Extricate
Access - entry
• The best access is not
always the way they
went in!
• Last known location:
– LUNAR Report
– Your size up
– Your on-going
monitoring of the
incident
– Interior suppression
crew reports
Access - entry
• Team Leader/Group Supervisor – Determine
best access and direct teams there.
• Team members – Gather pre-assigned
equipment and quickly move to access point.
• Verify rescue plan and send searchers to begin
search.
• Hose team deploys hose if needed and backs
up searchers.
Access - Searching
• Move quickly but be thurough
• Listen – PASS Devices, Low Air alarms, yelling,
SCBA Breathing.
• Use TIC to – search, stay oriented, watch
conditions.
• Use available clues – hose lines, indications of
searched areas, tools.
• Stay oriented – oriented man, search rope.
Victim Found – Water/Air
• Protect from active fire.
• Victim assessment ABCD:
– Airway – Mask on and
intact. Regulator plugged
in.
– Breathing – Do they need
air.
– Circulation – Other
injuries present
– Disability – Can they walk
out or do they need to be
extricated.
Victim Found - Communicate
• Once victim is protected
in place create a plan.
• Communicate this plan
to:
– Other team/group
members
– Group supervisor
– IC
• Get required equipment
and help coming.
Extricate
• Protect in place first.
• Have a plan, and a Plan B,
and a Plan C.
• Have equipment and help
coming even if you think
you don’t need it.
• Do not expect to use the
same personnel who
searched – they will be
spent.
• Air management.
What does it take to be on
RIT/RIG?
Basic skills crews must be proficient at
to be part of a rapid Intervention Crew.
• Size up skills and knowledge:
– Building construction
– Reading Smoke
– Fire Behavior
– Strategy and tactics knowledge
– Terminology
Basic skills crews must be proficient at
to be part of a rapid Intervention Crew.
• Laddering:
– One person throws on
24’ and shorter ladders.
– 2 person throws on 35’
ladders.
– Ladder placement
– Tying off ladders
Basic skills crews must be proficient at
to be part of a rapid Intervention Crew.
• Forcible entry:
– Irons work on inward
and outward swinging
doors.
– Through the lock
operations
– Pad lock removal
– Circular saw work
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Security bars
Locks
Iron fences
Roll up doors
Basic skills crews must be proficient at
to perform outside truck operations.
• Utilities:
– Locating and shutting of various utilities
Basic skills crews must be proficient at
to be part of a rapid Intervention Crew.
• Basic Search techniques
– Oriented search
– Large area search
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TIC Operations
RIT Pack Operations (In all conditions)
2 ½” hose deployment
Interior hose advancement
Victim Drags
Conclusion
• Good rapid intervention operations
on every fire will ensure we safely
and effectively complete our mission.