Transcript Survey Details

Ethiopian National Innovation
Survey 2005_2007
Introduction
• S&T data are not readily available in the
country; and
• where they exist, they are not in
systematic manner
• Implication is that the country’s
performance in S&T is difficult to assess.
General Objective of the
National Innovation Survey 2008
The primary objective is to develop an
acceptable set of Innovation indicators
for monitoring, benchmarking,
evaluating and forecasting STI
performance in the country and for the
overall policy making, planning and
decision making purposes
Specific Objectives of the national Innovation Survey
2008
– produce a set of internationally comparable data and indicators
for providing insights into the patterns of innovation in the
manufacturing and services sectors in the country
– collect information on the sources and resources for innovation
in enterprises
– provide an indication of the extent of public funding for
innovation activities that is taken up by enterprises
– draw national, regional and international comparisons of
innovation intensity
– obtain an understanding of the importance of R&D and non-R&D
based innovation in different sectors
Justification
The purpose is to assist policy makers in the
short, medium and especially long term
planning
aimed
at
strengthening
developmental activities and stimulating
economic growth
Accomplishments
1. Established a 4-person Steering committee;
–
–
–
–
National coordinatorMOST
Representative from CSA
Representatives from R&D institutions
Representative from MoE
2. Trained two members in the development of
STI Indicators.
–
Training in South Africa After participating in the
African Inter-gov. Committee meeting and AMCOST III
3. Project Proposal developed ,approved by
ESTA Officials and sent to the NEPAD –
OST for evaluation
Accomplishments…
• 4.Looking for essential Manuals
The Frascati Manual
used as international guides for conducting similar surveys
– Correspondences Made:
• Prof M.Kahn (CeSTII) Frascati Manual –For R&D Survey
• Dr. Fred Gault (OECD,-NESTI)
The OSLO Manual
• Designed by the OECD as part of the Frascati family
• Focuses on innovation at firm level
• Provided by NEPAD-OST
– Report prepared by UNU/MERIT for NEPAD entitled “Designing
a Policy-relevant Innovation survey for NEPAD”
– Innovation survey reports (Malaysia2002-2004....)
Accomplishments…
• 5.Understanding Basic Concepts in innovation
Innovation:
• not a new phenomenon.
• As old as mankind itself
• "Creative destruction" of existing structures(Joseph
Schumpeter)
• Role in economic and social change(Introducing
novelty/variety in to the economic sphere)
• Four types:
–
–
–
–
new products (Product innovation)
new methods of production ( Process innovation)
the exploitation of new markets (Market innovation)
new ways to organize business (Organ-l Innovation)
 Including the 10 entries we agreed up on during the
Training workshop in RSA
Accomplishments…
6. Questionnaire (Amharic and English
versions) developed based on:
– NEPAD guideline and Proposal
– South African Questionnaire, 2005
– CIS IV-OECD 30
7.Guideline prepared
8. Key Data sources identified
– CSA
– Chamber of Commerce( Directory)
– Internal sources-Industry Dept
Accomplishments…
• 9.Preparing ISIC 3.1 Revision 2002
Classification
Major Division
Divisions
Major Group
Accomplishments…
10.Recruitment and Training
– Graduates were recruited on a transparent
way using defined sets of criteria
• Mathematics, Statistics, Engineering, Computer
Science
– Presentations (Objective of the ENIS, Survey
methodology, discussion on each item and
practice)
Accomplishments…
11. Dispatched to Five Routes
– Sample Data Collected covering all Regional
states and City Administrations
Survey Detail
• Data collection method was census which tried to
make contact with each firm undergoes innovation.
didn’t cover all the area that under go innovation.
• Total population size is 2126 enterprises.
due to time constraint, we didn’t cover all the area
that under go innovation. As result 305 enterprises
data was collected. or
14.3%of population.
• Response rate by sector
Result
• After data was collected from different
region of the country:
• Analysis was made in the form of
-Descriptive method
-Tabular Method
- using different types graphs (Bar
graph and pie chart)
Year of Establishment of Firms
• Most of the firms established during the last 3-15 years.
Educational Level of Managers
40.3% firms’ of managers are university/ college
graduates
The Ownership of the Firms
74.43% are owned by local private owners
Main activity of the firm
30.5% of the firms Production of house and office Furniture
Number of Workers in 2007 Compare with 2005
Number of firms increased by 40.3%
The value of sales of firms in 2007 compare with in 2005
Increased by 48.5%
Innovating activities that undergo
by the firm
• 197 (64.6%) firms introduced quality
control
• 170 (53.7%)firms introduced maintenance
routines for innovation purpose.
• 162(53.1%) firms improved an existing
product
Importance of reasons for
Innovation
•
" very
important” reasons for innovation
include :
213 (69.84%) firms improved product quality
209 (68.52%) firms Improve working condition
179 (58.69%) firms Avail government support
173 (56.72%) firms Comply with local laws or
standards
172(56.39) firms Deal with new competitors at
home
Source of Information for Innovation
• Very important source of information for innovation
 201 (65.90%)firms from customers
 171 (55.07%) firms with in the firm
 116 (30.08) firms from suppliers of equipment materials
& component s or software
Type of information obtained from the
sources
Firms can obtain various information from different
sources, which help to enhance their firms.
with in the firms
174 firms quality related
138 firms market related
160 firms process related
150 firms product related
From customers
172 firms quality related
136 firms market related
Cooperation
•
Firms made cooperation or joint innovative activity
- with customers, it covers 50.82%.
- With suppliers 43.93%.
Impact of innovation against firm performance
highly
-The impact of innovation can be seen from
-Profitability
60%
-Market share (domestic market) 58.69%
-Diversification 48.85%
-Product differentiation including (changes in quality) 64.59%
-Reduced time to respond to the customer or supplier need
61.31%
-Improved quality of your goods or services 63.28%
- Improved employee satisfaction 63.28%
-Reduced rate of employee turn over 63.28%
Obstacles or hindrances to innovation activity
Very significantly obstacles /or hindrances to
their innovative activity was
- Domestic economics (recession, inflation) 65.90%
- Shortage of finance 52.79%
- Lack of information in technology 38.39%
- High cost of the innovation project 36.39%
Research and development activities
- 78.69% of the respondents indicted that firms have no R&D
activities.
- 7.89% responded that they do R&D activities.
- 13.42% of the respondent don’t give any response to the issues.
• How R&D activities is performed
Of all 24 firms which have R&D activities:
-19 firms performed in-house (Intramural)
-7 firms performed outsource (extramural
• Total R&D expenditure in 2007
- 24 firms doing R&D
- 8 firms gave response
- Total R&D expenditures ($6,496240.93)
• Patent granted to firm
- No firm have been granted regarding to patent on the given period.
• Internet Service
- 50 firms have internet service and
- 239 firms have no internet services
Sources of support
– Federal government
Loan 2.9%
Training 2.3%
Technical support 1.31%
Infrastructure support 3.28%
– Regional governments and city administration
Loan 9.18%
Training 8.52%
Technical support 7.87%
Infrastructure support 7.21%
There are others supporters like National funding agencies & foreign
governments.
• Challenges
-Complex work and tight schedule
-Limited experience and capability in
STI indicators-Problems in key areas e.g concepts
interpretation etc
-Reliability of the list of firms we got
from various sources.
-Non response -for the committee members