Transcript M. Colonna
Nuclear and Hadron Physics
(The theory activities within INFN)
Maria Colonna
Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Catania)
Total FTE: 75 (Individuals ~100)
INFN Postdoc : 8
PhD Students: 11
• Heavy Ion Collisions
• QGP phenomenology
• Neutron stars
• Hadron Structure
• Hadronic matter
• Parton correlations
Nuclear Matter
EoS and Phases
QCD
Hadron Physics
38%
23%
Nuclear Structure
and Dynamics
39%
• Few-body systems
• Electro-weak probes
• Shell model
• Algebraic models
• Mean-field and beyond
• Reactions with exotic nuclei
Nuclear matter EoS
Heavy Ion Collisions
QGP phenomenology
Neutron stars
Few-body systems
Shell model
Mean-field and beyond
Reactions with exotic nuclei
Hadron Structure
Hypernuclei
Collaborations with many Universities and Research Institutes spread around
the world (France, Germany, Russia, Spain, … China, Japan, US…)
Strong link with experimental activities (proposals, joint papers, PAC participation)
in Italy, Europe, US, Japan…
Organization of Workshops , Schools and Training of young scientists
(ECT*, GGI)
Hadron Physics
Starting point: QCD
The strong interaction sector of SM of elementary particles
Open key questions:
• Confinement ?
• Structure of hadrons ?
• What is the role of quarks and
self-interacting gluons in nuclei ?
Source: D.Lacroix
Transversity parton distribution
News on the Proton spin
Semi-inclusive DIS
e p e’ π X
Anselmino et al.,
NPB 191,98(2009)
Bacchetta et al.
PRL 107, 012001 (2011)
momentum fraction
e + p e’ (π+ + π-) X
Pavia and Torino groups
• from HERMES
• from COMPASS
Q2 ~1-4 GeV2
From quarks to nucleons and nuclei
- New trends in Nuclear Forces:
Effective Field Theory: derive the nuclear force from QCD or QCD-inspired Lagrangians
Few-body systems: Trento, Padova, Pisa
Ab-initio calculations to study bound
or scattering states
Hyperspherical harmonics
Lorentz Integral Transform
(LIT)
Trento group
• Important final state
interactions
• Large effect of
three-body force !
Shell model calculations: Napoli
Use of modern Vlow-k
Studies of exotic nuclei,
high spin
chiral potential
22C
is the last
bound isotope
Coraggio et al,
Phys.Rev. C81,
064303 (2010)
Effective interactions and nuclear EoS
ˆ
E H
ˆ
H
E ˆ
eff
Slater determinant
Mean-field (MF), Effective interactions
Source: F.Gulminelli
Self-consistent MF calculations (and
extensions) are a powerful framework
to understand the structure of mediumNuclear levels
heavy nuclei.
Nuclear collective motion
(linear response)
Extrapolation to infinite nuclear matter: Equation of State (EoS)
Microscopic methods are used to construct effective interactions and nuclear EoS:
BHF, CBF, FHNC , AFDMC (Catania, Lecce, LNS, Roma, Trento)
The concept or EoS is widely employed in the astrophysical context
(modelization of neutron stars and supernova explosion)
Properties of the crust, mass vs. radius, …
Properties of single particle and collective states in (exotic) nuclei
Milano group
Particle-core
coupling in 49Ca
Probing the nature of particle-core coupling
(PVC model) in odd nuclei with gamma spectroscopy
and heavy-ion transfer reactions
Experiment performed at LNL
D.Montanari et al,
Phys.Lett. B697 (2011) 288
Isovector dipole response
New exotic collective modes : a way to test
the density dependence of the symmetry energy
E/A (ρ) = Es(ρ) + Esym(ρ) β²
GDR
β=(N-Z)/A
- Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR):
The strength is connected to the size of the neutron-skin
Low density behavior of Esym
PREX experiment (Neutron radius) at Jlab
PDR
Roca-Maza et al,
PRC85,024601(2012)
Neutron center Proton center
of mass
of mass
Reaction dynamics: from nuclei to new phases of nuclear matter
Matching of structure and reaction theories
Role of Coulomb and
nuclear potential in the
excitation of PDR and GDR
E (MeV)
Matching EoS and transport theories
Phenomenology of Heavy Ion Collisions
at Intermediate Energies : a way to explore the
Nuclear Matter phase diagram
E.G.Lanza et al,
PRC 84, 064602 (2011)
Catania - Padova collaboration
Reactions with very exotic nuclei, like transfer
and break-up
Two-particle transfer reactions as a probe of
nuclear pairing
TDHF (and extensions)
Semi-classical approximation:
time evolution of the
LNS group
one-body distribution function in phase space
f(r,p,t):
f f, H I coll
t
using effective interactions
Advanced quantum models by Pisa
and Padova groups
DREB2012
E.De Filippo et al
(Chimera coll), submitted
Z
Fragmentation events (35 MeV/A)
Fragment N/Z:
Experiment-Theory comparison
Ultra-relativistic HIC and QGP Phenomenology
Initial Conditions
Quark-Gluon Plasma
Hadronization
BULK
(pT~T)
CGC (x<<1)
Gluon saturation
MINIJETS
(pT>>T,LQCD)
Microscopic
Mechanism
Matters!
Heavy Quarks
(mq>>T,LQCD)
Hadron abundance:
Statistical models works
for all iniitial conditions:
e+e-, pp, AA collisions
Firenze:
Hydrodynamical models
Hadronization and statistical models
Becattini, Castorina et al,
Eur. Phys. J. C (2010) 66: 377–386
LNS: Partonic transport theories: a way to link QCD effective Lagrangians
and lQCD predictions to exp. observables
An example: Elliptic flow and QGP viscosity
Torino:
Strangeness suppression
New exotic non-equilibrium phases
(Color Glass Condensate)
y z
x
A large variety of approaches and methods, but in several cases
a common goal can be identified
-ex. Exotic systems and symmetry energy
Contiguity between nuclear and hadron physics
-ex. New nuclear forces, transitions to new phases of matter
in HIC and in neutron stars (hyperons, deconfined phase)
Strong collaboration between experimentalists and theorists
only in some sectors, however synergies are increasing and
encouraged by INFN theoretical and experimental Committees
Other funding
MIUR-PRIN 2011-2013
1) Quark-Gluon-Plasma and
high energy collisions
Universities involved:
Firenze (F.Becattini), Catania,
Torino, Torino Politec.
2) Stucture and dynamics of nuclei
beyond the valley of stability
Universities involved:
Padova (A.Vitturi), Catania, Napoli,
Pavia, Trento
MIUR-FIRB 2010-2014
QCD phases, field-theory models and transport theories: a systematic approach
to the phenomenology of heavy ion collisions at LHC
Catania Univ. (V.Greco) --- Torino Univ. (C.Ratti)
• ERC --- Starting Grant 2011-2016
Dynamics of the Quark Gluon Plasma
Catania Univ. (V.Greco)
E.U.FP7 – I3HP2
Hadron Physics 2-3 (2008-2012)
Study of Strongly Interacting Matter
European Network + JRA
(several INFN sites)
New computing centers
-2010 A single central cluster (Project CSN4cluster) in Pisa
-128 nodes for serial and parallel jobs
-Accessible via GRID
-2011 “Memory driven” facility with high RAM/CORE ratio
-Exploited by nuclear theorists
6-core, 32 GB RAM, 2 TB HD
-Local access
Incontro Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
12-14 Novembre 2012, INFN-LNS Catania
Comitato Promotore:
C.Agodi (LNS)
M.Colonna (LNS)
A.Gargano (NA)
P.Gianotti (LNF)
A.Guglielmetti (LNGS)
A.Kievsky (PI)
Comitato Locale:
S.Lenzi (PD)
D.Napoli (LNL)
M.Radici (PV)
P.Rossi (LNF)
E.Scapparone(BO)
E.Vigezzi (MI)
G.F.Burgio (CT)
M. La Cognata (LNS)
E.Lanza (CT)
A.Musumarra (LNS)
S.Pirrone (CT)
G.Verde (CT)