Transcript Chapter 15 Toward Civil War (1840

Chapter 15 Toward Civil War
(1840-1861)
Section 2 A Nation Dividing
If you disagree with a law, do you
have the right not to obey it?
A. Yes, always
B. No, never
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B. B
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C. Only under certain
circumstances
n
How did popular sovereignty lead to
violence in Kansas?
The Fugitive Slave Act
• As part of the Compromise of
1850, Senator Henry Clay
convinced Congress to pass the
Fugitive Slave Law
• This was to pacify slaveholders
• This required all citizens to help
catch runaway slaves
• Anyone who aided a fugitive
could be fined or imprisoned
• Southerners believed the law
would force Northerners to
recognize the rights of
Southerners
• Instead, the enforcement of the
law convinced more people of
the evils of slavery
What resulted from the Fugitive Slave Act?
A. Passage of the law quieted
widespread violence in
Kansas and Nebraska.
B. Most Northerners believed
Southern slaveholders’
rights should be upheld.
D.
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C.
A. A
Abolitionists were jailed
B. B
in the North.
C. C
The law angered the North, convincing many
of the evils of slavery.
D. D
The Fugitive Slave Act Continued
• After the passage,
slaveholders stepped up
their efforts to catch
runaways
• Even tried to catch
runaways who lived in
freedom in the North for
years
• Sometimes they forced
African Americans who were
not trying to escape into
slavery
• Some Northerners refused
to cooperate with the law
• They justified it on moral
grounds
• 1849 Henry David Thoreau
wrote “Civil Disobedience”
• If the law “requires you to be
the agent of injustice to
another, then I say, break
the law”
Helping Runaway Slaves
• The Underground Railroad- A
network of free African
Americans and whites helped
runaways to freedom
• Antislavery groups tried to
rescue African Americans being
chased and tried to free those
that were captured
• In Boston, an antislavery group
shouted “Slave hunters- there
go the slave hunters”
• People put their money
together to buy slaves’ freedom
• Northern juries refused to
convict those accused of
violating the Fugitive Slave Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
• President Franklin Pierce intended to
enforce the Fugitive Slave Act
• 1854- Illinois senator Stephan A.
Douglas introduced a bill in Congress
• Douglas proposed organizing the
region west of Missouri and Iowa as
the territories of Kansas and Nebraska
• Because of their location, they both
seemed likely to be Free states
• Both were north of 36°30' north
(Missouri Compromise)
• Douglas knew the South would object
because it would give the free states
more votes in the Senate
• Douglas called for eliminating the
Missouri Compromise and for popular
sovereignty (allow the people to
decide)
Passage of the Act
• Northerners protested
• This plan would allow
slavery into areas that
had been free for more
than 30 years
• Southerners supported
the bill
• Southerners expected
Kansas to be settled
mostly by slaveholders
from Missouri who would
vote to keep slavery legal
• Congress passed the
Kansas-Nebraska Act in
1854
Conflict in Kansas
• When the law passed, proslavery and antislavery groups
rushed into Kansas
• When elections took place, a 7000
6000
pro-slavery legislature was
elected
5000
• Only 1,500 voters lived in
4000
Kansas at the time
3000
• But there were more than
2000
6,000 ballots cast
1000
• 1,000s of pro-slavery
0
supporters from Missouri
crossed the border just to vote
in the election
• These Missourians traveled in
armed groups and became
known as border ruffians
Voters
Votes
Conflict in Kansas Continued
• The new Kansas
legislature passed laws
supporting slavery
• One law even restricted
political office to proslavery candidates
• The antislavery people
refused to accept these
laws
• They armed themselves,
held their own elections,
and adopted their own
constitution that banned
slavery
• By 1856- Rival
governments existed in
Kansas
• One for slavery and one
against slavery
The city of Topeka, shown here on a
panoramic map from 1869, housed the Free
Soil Kansas legislature.
Pro-slavery Attacks
• Both sides were armed
and violence was
inevitable
• May 1856- 800 slavery
supporters attacked
Lawrence, a stronghold of
antislavery settlers
• The attackers burned the
Free State Hotel and
destroyed two newspaper
offices and many homes
• Anti Slavery force
retaliated
Antislavery Attacks
• Abolitionist John
Brown (from Hudson,
Ohio) believed God
chose him to end
slavery
• Brown heard of the
attack on Lawrence and
vowed to “strike terror
in the hearts of the proslavery people”
• Brown led a group and
killed 5 supporters of
slavery
• Armed bands soon
roamed the territory
“Bleeding Kansas”
• Newspapers referred to
“Bleeding Kansas” and “the
Civil War in Kansas”
• In October 1856, the
territorial governor sent
federal troops to stop the
bloodshed
• Violence also broke out in
Congress
• Massachusetts senator
Charles Sumner lashed out
against pro-slavery forces in
Kansas, such as Andrew P.
Butler from South Carolina
• 2 days later, Butler’s cousin,
Representative Preston
Brooks, walked into the
Senate and hit Sumner with
a cane
• Sumner fell unconscious
and bleeding
o
n
2
What was the main cause of the Civil War in
Kansas?
A. Dual governments set up
by pro- and antislavery groups
A
B
C
D
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A.
B.
C. John Brown’s attack on
Pottawatomie Creek
C.
D. Invasion of Kansas by border ruffians
D.
C
B. Passage of the Fugitive
Slave Act
n
How did popular sovereignty lead to
violence in Kansas?
-Outsiders corrupted the election, and
fighting broke out over the results
Enforcement of the Fugitive Act
led to
A. compromise.
B. more anger in the
North.
C. recognition of
Southerners' rights.
D. an end to the
struggle.
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Stephen A. Douglas proposed letting the
people decide about slavery through
A. popular
sovereignty.
B. states' choice.
C. free choice.
D. people's choice.
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B. border voters.
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The law that required all citizens to help
catch runaway enslaved people was the
A. Removal Act.
B. Fugitive Slave
Act.
C. Runaway Act.
D. Slave Owners Act.
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What did Senator Stephen A. Douglas
propose should be replaced by popular
sovereignty?
A. Missouri–Maine
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B. Texas–Maine Act
C. Kansas–Nebraska
Act
D. Missouri
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According to the __________, a person
could be fined or imprisoned for aiding
fugitives.
A. Southern Slave
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Act
B. Owners-Right Act
C. Fugitive Slave Act
D. Runaway Slave
Act
A war between citizens of the
same country is called
A. a cold war.
B. an undeclared
war.
C. a civil war.
D. a country war.
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Who vowed to “strike terror in the
hearts of pro-slavery people”?
Andrew P. Butler
Preston Brooks
Charles Sumner
John Brown
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Rival proslavery and antislavery
governments existed in
Missouri.
California.
Texas.
Kansas.
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What was the first territory to shed
blood in a civil war over slavery?
Texas
Kansas
Missouri
South Carolina
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