Transcript Farming Systems and Sustainable Livelihoods

Development Partners Mapping Study
Steve Rogers, FAO Consultant
Overview of presentation
 Aid effectiveness – Paris Declaration, Accra Agenda for
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Action
Background to study
Main questions addressed
Objective
Methods and structure of the report
Synopsis of key findings
Key messages
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Five Main Principles:
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Ownership
Alignment
Harmonization
Managing for Results
Mutual Accountability
Key points agreed in Accra Agenda for Action
 Predictability – donors will provide 3-5 year forward
information on their planned aid to partner countries.
 Country systems - partner country systems will be used to
deliver aid as the first option, rather than donor systems.
 Conditionality - donors will switch from reliance on
prescriptive conditions about how and when aid money is
spent to conditions based on the developing country’s own
development objectives.
 Untying - donors will relax restrictions that prevent
developing countries from buying the goods and services
they need from whomever and wherever they can get the
best quality and the lowest price.
Background
 Many development partners providing substantial
assistance to the PICs.
 In July 2007 Pacific Aid Effectiveness Principles signed
 FAO programming assistance to the Pacific region.
 Detail and analyse current and planned activities of
key development partners in the broader agriculture
sector in 14 PICs and in the region.
Main Questions addressed
 Who are the main development partners providing
assistance to the sectors of the study?
 Where do these partners focus their support
(geographically – in which PICs) and which sector
areas?
 How do they deliver their support?
 What are the strategic frameworks in which this
support is provided?
Objective
 To enhance harmonization and complementarity of
development resources based on respective
comparative advantages.
Method used for the study
 Search of websites.
 Face to face (and telephone) interviews.
 Questions forwarded to key informants in the region.
 Study of project documents and development partner.
support strategy/policy documents.
 Study undertaken during February-May 2008.
Structure of the report
 Short summary report (30 pages)
 Summary tables
 Regional overview paper
 14 Country overview papers
 Because of the breadth of the study (both geographically
and across sectors) it cannot be considered exhaustive.
 The Mapping Study is available on FAO website
www.faopacific.ws
context in which the key development partners to the region are
defining their operational focus for assistance to the sector.
 Development of the primary sectors in the Pacific will only come
about in an environment where stability and good governance
operates (including law and order).
 It will be driven by private sector-led activities.
 Governments have an important facilitating role through :
 supporting a strong enabling policy and business environment
 improved transport and communications infrastructure
 information and skills training
 secure access to land and access to affordable financial services
 Regional integration and a strengthened regional architecture to
deliver policy and technical support to the countries in the
region are also necessary.
Synopsis of key findings
 The agriculture sector remains central to economic growth,
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poverty reduction and food security in the Pacific.
Funding has failed to keep pace with need in many countries.
Rebuilding rural infrastructure (notably transport systems) and
agriculture research and extension systems are seen as priority
areas needing support.
Much of what happens in agriculture lies in the hands of the
private sector, thus providing an enabling environment for
private-sector growth has been targeted for support by key
development partners in the region.
Climate change (mitigation/adaptation) and disaster
preparedness are becoming a key focal areas for increased
development assistance.
Synopsis of key findings
 At least 12 international donors, several UN and
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regional agencies are active in the sectors in the PICs.
Development partners have concentrated bilateral
assistance in agriculture sectors to relatively few PICs.
Bulk of assistance to Melanesian countries.
For smaller nations programmes of CROP & UN
agencies are particularly important.
For many PICs development support (and national
budget allocation) to the agriculture sector
(particularly for production & productivity) has been
relatively small over recent years.
Synopsis of key findings
 Development partners are paying increasing attention in
the way they do business to aid effectiveness, by stressing
country ownership, alignment and harmonisation, and
managing for development results.
 Almost all development partners use country-level
strategies with linkages to partner country planning,
particularly the local national sustainable development
strategy.
 Many PICs do not have strong agriculture sector plans that
provide coherent policy framework for investment.
Goals/pillars common to several regional &
national strategies/frameworks for cooperation
 Poverty Alleviation - Achieving Millennium Development Goals – Sustainable
Development
 Food Security
 Improved Governance
 Gender Equality
 (Private sector-led) Broad-based Economic Growth – Improved Employment
Opportunities and Income - Equity
 Sustainable Livelihoods
 Sustainable Environmental Management – Reduced Vulnerability – Increased
Resilience
 Regionalism – Economic Integration
 Harnessing Trade for Development
 Improved Infrastructure
 Improved Service Delivery
 Aligning – Coordinating – Harmonising Development Support
Synopsis of key findings
Instruments, approaches and modalities
 The bulk of development assistance is provided as grants
 Development partners use several different approaches to deliver
their development assistance to the PICs. These approaches
include:
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Technical Assistance and Advisory Services
Programme funding for CROP agencies
Project Assistance
Programme Based Assistance
Competitive Research Funds
Competitive Enterprise Funds
Participation Funds
Scholarships & Training Opportunities
Twinning and Mentoring
 There are no SWAps in agriculture.
Synopsis of key findings
donor coordination
 All of the major donors have emphasized donor
coordination as a tool for improving efficiency.
 Donor coordination offers the potential to consolidate
efforts and overcome high transaction costs.
 Many PICs have established aid coordination points
within their administration to better facilitate donor
coordination.
 But many are struggling to cope with the high
demands faced.
Key messages
 An anticipated substantial increase in volume of aid to the agriculture and
environment sectors will require improved approaches and modalities for
delivery.
 Whilst there is an increased interest in budget support mechanisms (general
and sector) this has not been widely adopted yet in the PICs.
 The project approach still dominates in the sector.
 Donor fragmentation remains a challenge, and building coherence across
development interventions should remain a priority.
 Need for more division of labour according to agency comparative advantages.
 A robust programme design, based on regional coordination and partnerships,
with national implementation, could be an effective and efficient means in
coordinating predictable and transparent investment to strengthen food
security and sustainable livelihoods in the region!
National
Development
Goals
Policy
dialogue
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3
Pillars
2
Agriculture Sector Goals
Policy
dialogue
1
2
Actions
Actions
3
Actions
MTEF
Aid
coordination
Donor
funds
Budget
TA
And thanks also to all agencies and individuals who kindly
shared information for this study.