Transcript Common Units in Engineering
CHEGR 2683 Chemical Engineering Principles 1 Program Website: http://www.eng.ysu.edu/~dprice/dpricehome.html
Spring 2006 Results for SI
GPA 10+ = Students who attended 10 or more study sessions
Previous Project
Chapter 2
•Units of Measurement •Force/Weight
Sep 30 1999 9:23PM
Mix-up doomed spacecraft Mars orbiter lost in miscommunication By MARK CARREAU Copyright 1999 Houston Chronicle
An embarrassing mix-up with its aerospace contractor over the use of English and metric units of measurement led to the navigational errors that caused last week's loss of the $125 million Mars Climate Orbiter, NASA said Thursday. The probe destructed early Sept. 23 as it was maneuvering into orbit around Mars after a near 10-month journey from Earth. Errors that crept into maneuvering commands sent from Earth based on discrepancies from the two systems of measurement allowed the spacecraft to sweep within 37 miles of the Martian surface rather the intended 93 miles. The probe broke apart or overheated in the atmosphere as a result of the failure to convert the units of measurement. The errors were repeated throughout four major maneuvers and other smaller steerings during the Climate Orbiter's journey, which began with a Dec. 11, 1998, liftoff from Cape Canaveral, Fla. Previously, NASA had believed a one-time error in the last of the major maneuvers, Sept. 15, was responsible for the loss. With Thursday's disclosure, the space agency embraced responsibility for the mistake, rather than haggle over sharing blame with Lockheed Martin Astronautics, the Denver-based aerospace company that builds its Mars probes and furnishes
Quote from H. Klesch, B.E ChE 2004 August Mack Environmental
Lastly, for all the young kids who hate converting, it's amazing how much converting you really do in a job. Everyday I am converting from English to metric and vice versa, or the boss will ask what equivalent units there are for something and what it means or given a number, put it in a way we can understand. Most of the time though we have to report in certain units only and all the information is in units long from the one you want.
Quote from D. Oaks Former YSU ChE Sophomore
I will be going to OSU in the fall and they said I have the knowledge of a junior. They were impressed with the fact of CHEMCAD being introduced so early and knowing Excel. They only use Excel for printing imported things.
Common Units in Engineering
Rest of the World • kg or metric tonne • m • m 3 or liter • N • J or kW-hour • W • Pa or kPa or bar United States • lb m • ft or ton (short/long) • ft 3 or gallon or barrel • lb f • Btu or hp-hour • hp • atm or psi or in. Hg or mm Hg or torr
Common Errors
• Metric tonne or American Engineering ton • Fluid ounce or mass ounce • lb m or lb f • American Engineering gallon or Imperial gallon • Barrels: – 1 Barrel US liquid = 31.5 gallons – 1 Barrel US oil = 42 gallons
Engineering Calculations must Always be Correct with Respect to Units of Measurement
1
ft
3
7.4805
gallon
1
7.4805
gallon ft
3
1
ft
3
7.4805
gallon
Convert 1 Imperial gallon into ft 3 1
Imp gallon
1
m
3 220.83
Imp gallon
35.3145
ft
3
m
3 0.1599
ft
3
3
Convert 100 m /day to gallon per minute (gpm)
100
m
3
day
1
day
24
hours
1
hour
60
min
264.17
gal m
3 18.345
gpm
Force and Weight
• Force = Mass x Acceleration – Newton, lb f • Weight = Mass x Acceleration of gravity – Newton, lb f • 1 Newton = 1 kg accelerating at 1 m/s 2 • 1 lb f = 1 lb m accelerating at 32.174 ft/s 2
Weight of 10 kg on Earth
F
10
g
F
ma
10
kg kg
2 205
kg lb
2
m / s , m ft / s
2
s
2
s
2
ft m
1
N
1
lb f s
2
kg m s
2
N
32 174
lb ft m
22 05
lb f
Weight of 10 lb m on Earth
F
ma
10
lb m s
2
ft
1
lb f s
2 32 174
lb ft m
10
lb f