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Dutch manure policy
Seminar Portugal
Emar Gemmeke
Policy Coordinator
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Outline of the presentation
1. Dutch manure market
2. Farm Cycle
3. Dutch manure policy
a. Manure use
b. Manure production
4. European level
5. Conclusions
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
1. Dutch manure market
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Facts & figures – livestock numbers
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Animals
2008 - 2011 [million #]
Cattle
3.9
Pigs
12.2
Poultry
97.9
Sheep
1.1
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Manure production (1)
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Manure production (2)
• Manure production:
= 70.000 mln kg manure
= 477 mln kg N
= 172 mln kg P2O5
• Not equally distributed over the country
• Surplus in South and East
• Related to Pigs and Poultry farming
• Room for 149 mln kg P2O5 (2011)
• Surplus of 23 mln kg P2O5
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Allocation of produced manure
Own land
Arable land
Export
Processed
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
2. Farm cycle
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Farm cycle
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Farm cycle (inputs)
feed
fertilizer
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Farm cycle (outputs)
Animal
products
Animal
manure
Plant
products
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
NH3 CH4
N20 CO2
Odour
Farm cycle (losses)
air
CH4
NH3
NO3N2
O
NO3 P
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Soil/water
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
NH3
CH4
Odour
N20
CO2
Use of N and P fertilisers
Nitrogen (million kg N)
Animal manure
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Phosphorus (million kg P)
Artificial fertiliser
Other products
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Nutrient surpluses
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Monitoring – Nitrate in groundwater
Loess
Sand
Clay
Peat
Aim
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
3a. Dutch manure policy – manure use
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Application standards
• For total nitrogen: differentiated with respect to:
o Soil type
o Crop, and in some cases: variety
o In some cases: yields
• For total phosphate: differentiated:
o Land use (arable land or grassland)
o Soil phosphate level
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Application standards - phosphate
P2O5 application standards
2006
2010
2011
2012
2013
Grassland
High phosphate level
Neutral phosphate level
Low phosphate level
110
110
110
90
100
100
90
95
100
85
95
100
85
95
100
Arable land
High phosphate level
Neutral phosphate level
Low phosphate level
95
95
95
75
85
85
70
75
85
65
70
85
55
65
85
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Application regulations – closed periods
jan
feb
mar
apr
may
jun
jul
aug
sep
oct
nov
dec
grass on sand
grass on clay/peat
arable land on sand
arable land on
clay/peat
legend
application allowed
application is only allowed when a catch crop is grown
application not allowed
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Derogation
More efficient use of Nitrogen in animal manure
• 170 kg N/ha/yr ---> 250 kg N/ha/yr
• 850.000 ha ---> mainly highly productive grasslands
• 22.500 farms ---> mainly dairy farms
Annual monitoring:
the aim of nitrate directive is realised
Currently
The Dutch government 5th Action Programme Nitrates Directive for
2014-2017 is nearly agreed. Again derogation request.
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
3b. Dutch manure policy – manure production
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Vision on Manure:
The balance on Manure market (2011):
• Creating a balance between manure production
and manure use from 2015 onwards.
Three routes described:
1. Manure processing
2. Animal feed
3. Fertilizer replacement
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Route 1. Manure processing
Goal: Place part of the Dutch animal manure outside the
Dutch agriculture.
Examples:
• Separating
• Drying
• Pasteurization
• Combustion
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Export
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Manure Processing
• To create enough processing capacity every farmer becomes
responsible to process part of the surplus on the farm.
• Mandatory manure processing will start from 1 January 2014
• Not equally distributed
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Region
2014
2015
South
30 %
50 %
East
15 %
30 %
Other
5%
10 %
Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Route 2: Animal feed
Goal: Minerals which are not in the feed, will not be in the manure
Agreement with Farmers and Feed industry:
• Decrease the concentration of phosphate in the feed
• Innovation to create more efficient feed
Monitoring (2012)
• Decease of 5 mln kg P2O5
 Pigs: 3,4 mln kg
 Cows: 1,0 mln kg
 Poultry: 0,4 mln kg
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
Route 3. Fertilizer Replacement
Goal: Upgrading animal manure to an artificial fertilizer
•
•
•
•
Market of animal manure decreases
More use of renewable resources
Fertilizers with high efficiency
Contaminants
Examples:
 Mineral concentrates (fluid fertilizer)
 Struvite
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
European level
Nitrate Directive
• The Netherlands is working on the 5th Action Programme
• Nitrate Directive exclude animal manure as source for artificial
fertilizer
• NL will look for opportunity for high quality fertilizers from animal
manure
Fertilizer Directive
• EU is currently reviewing EU Fertilizer Directive
• NL position to create room for fertilizers from
renewable source
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
To conclude…
• Dutch manure policy focusses on manure use and
production.
• Strict rules for manure use are needed to create a market
for products from manure.
• Processing, Feed and Fertilizer replacement are all needed
to develop a sustainable animal husbandry.
• Innovation is going fast, and regulations need to adapt.
Both national and on European level.
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013
“Continuar a trabalhar para o uso sustentável de estrume’’
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Ministry of Economic Affairs
Dutch manure policy | November 19th, 2013