Transcript Pilot Testing of Oxygen Ionization for Odor Control at

Pilot Testing of Oxygen Ionization for
Odor Control at City of Fort Collins WRF
Cliff Hoelscher and
Ray Kemp
Paul Bonnici
Reason and Purpose of Pilot Test
• Based on discussions with other installations and
visit of Denver Metro Centrifuge Building the
technology seemed to be a viable option for
several Fort Collins WRF problem process areas
• Technology can use existing HVAC equipment and
has a low capital, operations and maintenance cost
compared to other alternatives.
• Ionization actually improves working environment
• To test the effectiveness of ionization on reducing
odors at several Fort Collins WRF locations
• If technology is effective develop design criteria for
full scale design
Summary of Ionization Technology
• Electronic ionizer or
corona-discharge ionizer
• Uses high voltage (4,000
V) applied to grid to
produce strong electric
field
• AC power produces both
negative and positive
charged air molecules
(bipolar)
• Can be used in
conjunction with existing
HVAC systems
Summary of Ionization Technology
• Liturature states 1,000
to 2,000 ion clusters
(reactive oxygen
clusters) are formed
per cubic centimeter
• Ions have fairly short
life span (seconds)
• Typically negative ions
that are produced
react with positive ions
in air stream but
positive ions also react
with some elements
• “Sweet” or “Clean”
smell is actually ozone
(O3) that is
produced…which is
not desired in high
quantities (< 100 ppb
for 8 hours - OSHA)
Typical Complete System for
Occupied Locations
Ionizability of Selected Chemicals in
Air Environments
Chemical
Family
Formula
CAS #
Mol Wt
IE, eV
(a)
Acetone
Ammonia
Carbon Disulfide
Carbonyl Sulfide
Chloroform
Dimethylsulfide
Dimethyldisulfide
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Benzene
Hexane, nHydrogen Sulfide
Limonene (1-Pentene)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2Butanone)
Methyl Mercaptan
Propyl Mercaptan, nTetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
(Freon 11)
Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4Xylene, m-
Ketone
Inorganic
Sulfide
Sulfide
Halogenated
Sulfide
Alcohol
Aromatic
Alkane
Sulfide
Misc
Ketone
CH3COCH3
NH3
CS2
COS
CHCl3
(CH3) 2S
C2H6S2
C2H5OH
C8H10
C6H14
H2S
C10H16
C3H8O
67-64-1
7664-41-7
75-15-0
463-58-1
67-66-3
75-18-3
624-92-0
64-17-5
100-41-4
110-54-3
7783-06-4
138-86-3
78-93-3
58.08
17.03
76.14
60.08
119.38
62.14
94.20
46.07
106.17
86.18
34.08
136.23
72.11
9.703
10.070
10.073
11.18
11.37
8.69
7.4
10.48
8.77
10.13
10.457
8.3
9.52
Mercaptan
Mercaptan
Halogenated
Aromatic
Halogenated
Halogenated
CH3SH
C3H8S
C2Cl4
C7H8
C2HCl3
CCl3F
74-93-1
107-03-9
127-18-4
108-88-3
79-01-6
75-69-4
48.11
76.16
165.83
92.04
131.39
137.11
9.439
9.2
9.326
8.828
9.46
11.68
Aromatic
Aromatic
C9H12
C8H10
95-63-6
108-38-3
120.19
106.17
8.27
8.55
Lit.
(b)
ionair
(c)
X
1
Good
1
X
2
1
Good
X
X
X
Slowly
X
1
2
X
X
X
Slowly
No
X
X
Slowly 1
Ionization System Operations and
Maintenance Requirements
• Low power consumption of bulbs (watts)
• Replace filter monthly or as needed
• Clean Bulbs and metal sleeve and Coat
with thin coat of high temperature silicone
grease quarterly or as needed.
• Replace bulbs approximately every three
years ($200/bulb)
Types of Bulbs
Ionair
IMG-E-8
(64 watts)
Bentax
50-F-5
(50 watts)
Specifying Data for Ionair® - Tubes
• Several previous articles by equipment
manufactures state that 10 watts of power will
condition 800 to 1,000 ft3
Drake Water Reclamation Facility
Schematic
AB Influent
AB Metering
Raw Sewage
Sidestreams
Metering
Vault
AB Grit
Influent
Pumps
Bar
Screens
Biotower
Grit
Primary
Basins
Clarifiers
Biotower
Pumps
A
Biotower
Screenings
Grit
Inter.
Clarifier
RAS
Aeration
SPT
Pumps
A
PSL
ISL
Basins
Inter.
Clarifier
Diversion
Structure
WAS
RAS
DAFT
Anaerobic
Digester
Anaerobic
Digester
Anaerobic
Digester
PSL
Ditch
or
River
WAS
NPT (W) Intermediate
Clarifier
NPTs
Splitter
ISL
Intermediate
Clarifier
NPT (E)
Aeration
Basin
RAS
Aeration
Basin
RAS
Anaerobic
Digester
Unthickened
Holding
Tank
Chlorine
Contact
Basin
Dechlorination
ISL
ISL/WAS
Chlorine
Pipeline
Final
Clarifier
ISL
NPTs
Pumps
Recycle/Bypass
Final
Clarifier
Final
Clarifier
WAS
Final
Clarifier
Chlorine
Contact
Basin
Chlorine
Contact
Basin
PRPA
Non-potable
water system
WAS
Centrifuge
Digested
Sludge
Holding
Tank
Centrifuge
Ranch
Belt Press
Belt Press
Land
Application
DWRF Aerial
Compounds Observed at Pilot
Locations
Compound
H2S
Methyl Mercaptan
Dimethyl Sulfide
Dimethyl Disulfide
Carbon Disulfide
Carbonyl Sulfide
DT*
* Unitless
Influent Box
Headworks Bins
(ppb)
> 40,000
65
9
5
16
4,400
(ppb)
< 3,000
3,080
63
68
33
46
16,000
Pilot Unit Diagram
Pilot Unit Approximate Fabrication
Cost
(2) IMG-E-8 modules
(1) ICE/M Controller
(1) Galvanized Duct Section
(1) Fan and Motor
(1) Control Panel
Ducting
Mounting Frame
Miscellaneous
Total
$ 8,000
$ 1,200
$ 1,350
$ 700
$ 500
$ 200
$ 500
$ 250
$12,700
Pilot Unit Setup at Influent/Diversion
Structure
Pilot Unit Setup at Influent/Diversion
Structure
DWRF Influent Box, No Treatment
DWRF Influent Box
Ion Unit Turned On
(All Bulbs On - 2200 cfm)
DWRF Influent Box
All Bulbs Off
All Bulbs On
2200 cfm
All Bulbs
Off
DWRF Influent Box
All Bulbs On
All Bulbs Off
1500 cfm
DWRF Influent Box
All Bulbs On
1250 cfm
1000 cfm
750 cfm
DWRF Influent Box
All Bulbs On
1250 cfm
Pilot Unit Setup at Headworks
Conclusions
• Appeared to be some modest reduction in
H2S in the Influent Box
• Appeared to be some modest reduction in
odor in the Headworks Bin Area
• Overall reduction was less than
anticipated/desired
• Additional testing necessary